The Illiad (Norton Anthology Of World Literature Volume A 3rd ed.) – Flashcards
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Trojan War
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What war are the Illiad and the Odyssey about?
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almost 3000 years
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How long ago was the Illiad written?
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Troy and Greeks
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Who was the Trojan wars fought between?
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What is a Syllabary
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a set of written characters representing syllables
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Myceneans (early Greek speakers)
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What group of people used a Syllabary
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Bronze age
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In what time did the Myceneans live?
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Time between the fall of the Myceans (the loss of reading and writing) and the Phoenicians creating a new alphabet
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Dark Ages of Greece
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Oral poetry!
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Were the Dark Ages Greeks without literature?
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Litterae
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Latin for letters
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Battles between Mycenean Greeks and Asia Minor
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What is the basis for Homeric wars?
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Hexameter (six part line) Used instruments
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What poetry form did early greeks use?
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Nope, anachronistic
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What the use of bronze weaponry in The Iliad modern?
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20 hours at least
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How long would it take to perform the Iliad or the Odyssey (sing)
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Two Coherent stories made from many legends surrounding the Trojan war
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What are the Iliad and the Odyssey a collection of
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Story, word
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What Greek words does "Epic" derive from?
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Virgil
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Roman poet that imitated the Iliad and Odyssey
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Iliad = Ilias = Troy = 3 words = 3 = 3 points on a triangle = Illuminati confimed
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Where does the Iliad get it's name?
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Paris (prince of Troy) had to choose which goddess to give a golden apple (Athena,Hera,Aphrodite). Chose Aphrodite, Aphrodite awarded him the most beautiful woman (Helen of Sparta) as wife But Helen already had a husband! (Menelaus) Paris took Helen back home to Troy Agamemnon and Menelaus mustered an army (including Achilles, Odysseus) war Ended with Odysseus finally getting into Troy and winning via the Trojan Horse
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The background of the Trojan War
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Hera
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Queen of the gods
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powerful general Agamemnon
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Who is menelaus a brother of
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Achilles - Fastest runner, best fighter Odysseus - Cleverest Greek
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Special quality of Achilles/Odysseus
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10 years
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How long did the Trojan war last?
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Beings in the 10th year and ends before capture of the city The rage of Achilles against his comrade Agamemnon and then later against Trojans
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What is the focus of the Iliad and what is it's time span (within the war)
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menis, a term meant only for the rage of the gods!
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Achilles' special kind of rage
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Achilles gains a girl as a prize of war (Briseis) and Agamemnon wants her as recompense for his loss of is own girl (Chryseis)
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What sparks the argument between Achilles and Agamemnon
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Thetis
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Mother of Achilles
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The Muse
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Goddess?
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Apollo
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Who set Achilles and Agamemnon on eachother's throats?
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Chryses (Father of Chryseis, the girl Agamemnon took as war spoils)
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Who is "Apollo's" priest?
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Priam
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King of Troy
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Argos
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Agamemnon's home
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NOPE (pisses off Apollo)
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Does Agamemnon accept Chryses' attempt at payment for his daughter?
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Zeus and Leto
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Apollo's parents
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burnt fat thighbones of bulls/goats
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What did Chryses sacrifice to Apollo in the past?
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Danaans, Achaeans, Argives
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Three Alternative names for the Greeks that homer uses
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Take revenge on the Greeks Rained arrows on a Greek camp for 10 days (maybe plauge?)
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What did Chryses pray for Apollo to do after being rejected by Agamemnon What did Apollo do? For how long?
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His sister Greeks
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Who is Hera to Zeus and which side of the war did she favor?
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He has prophetic powers Son of Thestor
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Who is Calchas and what makes him special
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Give Chryses his daughter back.
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What does the Greek army have to do to stop Apollo's rain of arrows (plauge?)
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Atreus
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Agamemnon's father
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Ajax
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Second bravest (after Achilles)
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Agamemnon want's a replacement gift to replace Cryse's daughter. Achilles claims that there are no more towns to sack atm and they can't just recollect and redistribute everything. He promises 3 or 4 times more for him if they sack Troy. Agamemnon says he'll just steal his own gift from another if no one will give him one, maybe even Achilles' Fine, screw this war! It's just for your brother anyway. I have nothing against Troy. You always get the most spoils anyway and I work the hardest! FINE DESERT IF YOU WANT. GO HOME TO YOUR MYRMIDONS. I'LL JUST TAKE BRISEIS SO YOU'LL SEE HOW MUCH BETTER I AM THAN YOU AND NO ONE WILL TRY TO COMPETE WITH ME AGAIN I SWEAR BY THIS SCEPTRE THAT WHEN EVERY LAST GREEK MISSES ME I WONT COME BACK AND WHEN HECTOR KILLS YOU YOULL EAT YOUR HEART OUT CAUSE YOU DIDINT HONOR THE BEST GREEK OF THEM ALL
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First argument between Agamemnon and Achilles
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Idomeneus
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King of Crete/prominent Greek leader
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Phthia
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Achille's home
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Menelaus This whole war against Troy is to recover his wife (Helen)
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Agamemnon's brother. Why he special?
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Myrmidons
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Who does Achilles rule over?
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Briseis
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Achilles' prize
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Athena Nope Hera Don't kill him, Hera loves you both. You'll get 3 times as many gifts as him because of his arrogance. Tell him off instead
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Who appears to Achillies to give him advice while he debates whether to kill Agamemnon or calm himself after the first fight Can anyone else see him/her? Who sent her? What does she say?
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Greeks Zeus
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What side does Athena take? Athena's father
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Hector
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son of Priam, foremost warrior among the Trojans
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Thetis (goddess) Peleus
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Achilles' parents
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Agamemnon = Don't take Achelles' prize Achilles = don't get into it with a king. You may be a demigod but you arent a king, he has more power
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What does Nestor advice the two to do (after Athena appears and leaves)?
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Patroclus
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Achilles' closest friend
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Odysseus
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Who Captained the ship to give Chryses' daughter to Apollo
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Zues was supposed to give him honor because he will not live long (human) but he hasn't
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What does Achilles complain of when he prays to his mother after this prize is taken from him?
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Poseidon
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Brother of Zeus, king of the sea
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Uranus, sky
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Husband of earth, first divine ruler
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Ethiopians
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Believed to live at the edge of the world
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Get Zeus to help the Trojans and defeat the Greeks because that would make Agamemnon look bad
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What did Achilles pray for Thetis to do to enact his revenge on Agamemnon
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Bulls
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What gift was given to Apollo when Chryses' daughter is returned?
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Paean
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Song of praise to Apollo
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Zeus ---> Aeacus ---> Peleus
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Achelles' male bloodline
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12 days yes, he nodded his head
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How long until Zeus returns from olympus
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Yes
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Does Zeus agree to Achilles' revenge plan?
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Hera
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What Goddess overhears Achilles and Zues?
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She worries that Zeus has taken a liking to Thetis and that he has agreed to aid the Trojans He's a dick Just do as you're told and be nice to Zeus so he doesn't freak out. Basically a family involving an abusive father
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What does she worry about? How does Zeus react to this? What does Hephasestus tell her to do?
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Drink of the god
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nectar
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Hecuba
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Hector's mother
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Cronion (son of Cronus)
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Another name for Zeus
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Athena
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God of war strategy (and many other things)
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Hector's brother Paris
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Who seduced and Kidnapped Helen?
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NOPE
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Does Hector like Paris?
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Sidon
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What city created the dress Hecuba sacrifices to Athena?
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Nope
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Did Athena accept Hecuba's prayer to help Troy win?
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YES
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Does Helen dislike Paris?
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Scamandrius (After the Trojan river Scamander)
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Hector and Andromache's Son And the name meaning
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Andromache
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Who is hector's wife?
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Artemis
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Virgin goddess of the hunt, dispenses nautral/painless death on women
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Pergamum
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The citadel of Troy
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Three-footed kettels, rare/highly valued
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Seven unfired tripods
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Orestes
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Agamemnon's son
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Get Achilles back by offering many things plus his original gilf
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What plan does Agamemnon devise to try and turn the tide of the war back to favor the Trojans?
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Nope
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Does Achilles accept Agamemnon's attempt to win him back?
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Phoenix
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Horseman that tutored Achilles
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Furies
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Avenging spirits, focused on kin against kin crimes
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Persephone
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Wife of Hates (underworld Zeus)
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Destruction, a terrible plague that can be wished upon someone
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Folly
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Erebus
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The underworld
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Sleep
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Brother of death
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Drops of blood on earth as rain
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What does Zeus shed as he watched Patroclus
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Apollo
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Also god of healing
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Idaean
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From where does Zeus watch the fight
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Patroclus
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Who kills Sarpedon
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Sarpedon
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Who is Zeus' favorite?
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Lycia
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Where is Sarpedon baried?
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Just chase them from the ships, not all the way back to troy
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How far did Achilles tell Patroclus to chase the Trojans
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Asius, Hector's uncle (mothers side)
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Who does Apollo disguise himself as to convince Hector to go back into battle and after Patroclus
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Apollo knocks off his armor Euphorbus stabbed him once Hector finished him off
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Who kills Patroclus?
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Chryseis
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Agamemnon's original gift
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Antilochus
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Who was sent to tell Achilles that Patroclus is dead?
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Armor = Hector Body = Greeks
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Who gets Petroclus' armor and who gets the body?
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He feared Achilles would commit suicide
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Why did Antilochus stay with Achilles after giving him the new That Patroclus was dead?
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In his rage against Agamemnon he told Thetis to get Zeus to make sure the Greeks lost
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Why does Achilles blame himself for Patroclus' death?
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Kill Hector with his own spear. Hector's death means Achilles' death
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What is the only way that Achilles will be able to keep living ? (considering Patroclus' death) Why does Thetis not like this?
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He will swallow his pride and anger against Agamemnon
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What significant thing does Achilles decide to do when deciding to avenge Patroclus
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When Thetis comes back with new (?) armor Armor from Lord Hephaestus
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When can Achilles go back to war to reap revenge?
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The Ajaxes
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Who defended Patroclus' body from Hector?
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Iris Hera Stop lieing around grieving and go save Patroclus' body
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Goddess if rainbows and messagers of the gods in the Iliad Who sent her to Achilles What is her message
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Tasseled garment/piece of armor that induced manic when shaken at enemy. Usually kept by Hera but belongs to Zeus, given to Achilles
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Tasselled aegis
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He went to the trenches near the battle and shounted at the Trojans (voice amplified by Athena) 3 times which scared them away so the Greeks could get Patroclus' body away
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How did Achilles reconcile Hera wanting him to go back into battle and Thetis wanting him to stay?
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Athena
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Grey-eyed-one
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Retreat back to Troy and set us a defensive power on the walls of the city
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What is Polydamas' plan (the future/past seeing prophet) now that Achilles may be back in the war
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Nope and Nope In the morning go out and continue the regular battle. If Achilles is back he'll have me to wory about. Bad = Hector Good = Polydama
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Does Hector agree with/accept Polydama's plan? What is his alternative plan? Who had the good plan and who had the bad?
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Athena
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Who dulled the Trojan's wits?
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Menoetius
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Patroclus' father
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The armor Hector's head Cut throats of 12 Trojan princes before his pyer
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What must Achilles bring back before he can die?
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yes
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Does Achilles expect to die through his quest for revenge?
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20
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How many cauldrons for Hephaestus' latest project?
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She took him in after his mother threw him out in an effort to hide his weakness of mind
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Why does Hephaestus revere Thetis?
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Hephaestus
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Who makes Achilles' new armor?
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NOPE
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Did Thetis voluntarily have Achilles with Peleus?
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Linos
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Fabled musician
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Achilles is chasing some Trojan and Apollo spirits him away and takes his place (in disguise) and leads Achilles astray away from the walls of Troy allowing the Trojans to make it into Troy
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How does Apollo trick Achilles after he rejoins the war?
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Hector
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All Trojans hid behind the walls of Troy except....
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Sirius
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The Dog Star, brightest in constellation Canis Major. Rises in late summer
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They hate it. The plea for him to come in but he does not.
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How does Hector's parents react to him staying outside of Troy to battle with Achilles?
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He is ashamed because he was advised to just run when Achilles came back but he didn't and he lost half his army. He can't face the citizens of Troy
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Why won't Hector go into Troy?
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He could try to talk it out and just surrender and give Achilles what he wants, but he couldn't go out unarmed. Achilles would cut him down before he could even start.
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What does Hector consider doing instead of fighting? Why does he reject this idea?
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Nope he gets scared and runs
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Does hector fight bravely?
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He stopped Apollo from helping Hector
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What did Zeus do to sway the battle between Achilles and Hector?
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His brother Deiphobus
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Who did Athena disguise herself as to persuade Hector to stop running and fight Achilles?
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Where collarbone meets neck
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Where did Achilles stab Hector with his spear?
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Stab it, a lot
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What do the Greeks do to Hectors body?
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Cut heel tendons, tied them to chariot with leather thongs, dragged him on the journey
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What did Achilles do to Hectors body?
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Dragged it around Parteclus' tomb 3 times
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What did Achilles do to Hector's body when he couldn't sleep? How many times?
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Apollo
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How did Hectors body no become mutilated by being dragged?
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Athena
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Grey eyed one
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Hera Poseidon, Athena
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Which gods are not okay with saving Hectors body?
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He had to pick which one is the most beautiful (He picked Aphrodite because she bribed him with Helen)
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Under what circumstance did Paris have to choose which goddess to give the apple
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Apollo
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Silverbow
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Thetis
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silver footed goddess
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Protector people under the protection of the gods, especially Zeus
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Define suppliant
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An old man for carrying the body back.
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Who does Priam bring to go get Hector's body?
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Zeus decides Priam will go to Achilles and bribe him until he lets Patroclus go.
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What becomes the solution for getting Hectors body back?
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Hermes puts them to sleep
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Why can Priam pass the Greek gate?
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Hermes
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Who leads Priam to Achilles
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Sandles for traveling and a wand to make people sleep/wake Tell the Trojans to make an offering to Achilles
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What are Apollos' magical belongings What did he do in getting Hector's body back?
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He related himself to Achilles' dad, but with no mores sons. He has also kissed the hand of the killer of all his sons
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How did Priam manage to connect with Achilles?
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Achilles is going to hold back his army! 11 days (12th day they fight)
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Achilles asks Priam how long he wants for the funneral, why? And how long?
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Andromache, Hecuba, Helen
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Order of lamenting
