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Great White Fleet
Hit And Run Tactics
Imperialism
Modern World History
Puerto Rico And Guam
World History And Geography
Chapter 10-Imperialism (US History 11) – Flashcards 33 terms
33 terms
Preview
Chapter 10-Imperialism (US History 11) – Flashcards
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What is imperialism?
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Political and economic domination of weaker nations by stronger ones.
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What were the two main reasons for becoming an imperial nation?
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New markets and feeling of superiority.
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What was Anglo-Saxonism?
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Belief that English-speaking nations had better character, ideas, and systems of government, and were destined to dominate the planet.
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Who was Commodore Matthew Perry and why was he significant?
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American naval officer who led the squadron of ships that forced Japan to open trade with the United States.
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Why would an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean be useful to America?
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As a refueling station and base for our navy - would allow us to project power in Asia.
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What crop was crucial to the economies in both Hawaii and Cuba?
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sugar
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Who was Queen Liliuokalani?
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Hawaiian queen who tried to resist U.S. control and reassert her people's independence.
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Did President Cleveland support the annexation of Hawaii? Why or why not?
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No. He knew the islands had been taken by force and believed that was wrong.
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Which major American company dominated large parts of Latin America in the early 1900s?
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United Fruit Company.
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Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan, and why was he important?
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American naval officer who wrote a book that convinced the U.S. government to build a powerful new navy - led to us taking the Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii.
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Cuba was a colony of which nation?
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Spain.
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Which economic crisis in the United States greatly affected the Cuban economy?
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Panic of 1893
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Who was William Randolph Hearst?
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Founder of yellow journalism paper the New York Journal. Famous for saying "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."
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Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
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Founder of the yellow journalism New York World. Helped cause war with Spain by publishing the de Lome letter.
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What was "yellow journalism?"
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Sensationalistic news reporting, more concerned with selling papers than being accurate.
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Which American political figure said, "I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one?"
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Teddy Roosevelt
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To keep the Cubans in a place where Spanish troops could watch them, the Spanish used the controversial tactic of putting Cubans in special camps. What were they called?
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Concentration camps (reconcentrados)
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How did Americans react to this Spanish strategy?
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We were horrified, of course.
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Who was Emiliano Aguinaldo?
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Leader of the Filipino independence movement, first against Spain and then the U.S.
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I thought we were about to fight this war to free Cuba. Why are the Philippines involved?
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It was a Spanish colony as well. We fought there because we were fighting Spain.
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Which two events roused American public opinion enough for war?
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The de Lome letter and (2) the explosion of the Maine.
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The Battle of San Juan Hill made which American politician a war hero?
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Teddy Roosevelt
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How long did the Spanish-American War last?
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4 months.
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How did the Philippines react to becoming an American colony?
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They fought back.
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To keep our eye on rebellious Filipinos, which tactic did we adopt? (hint: it was a tactic the Spanish used in Cuba.)
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Concentration camps
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What was the Platt Amendment, and how was it related to Cuba's independence?
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Amendment that put serious restrictions on Cuban "independence." We continued to have a great deal of control over Cuba.
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How did Roosevelt describe his approach to foreign policy?
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Speak softly and carry a big stick.
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The policy in which the United States pressured other nations to agree to leave Chinese trade open equally to everyone was known as what?
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Open Door Policy.
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According to Roosevelt, when was it okay for the United States to intervene in Latin America?
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When there was a threat to the stability of the region, especially disputes between European nations and Latin American nations.
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Why did the United States support the independence of Panama from Colombia?
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So we could build the Panama Canal.
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ESSAY QUESTION- Did the media cause the Spanish-American War?
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Be prepared to write a 5-7 sentence response.
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ESSAY QUESTION- Can imperialism ever be justified? If yes, explain when it can be, and analyze whether U.S. imperialism was justified based on your criteria. If no, explain how American imperialism is an example of why imperialism is wrong.
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Be prepared to write a 5-7 sentence response.
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ESSAY QUESTION- Was the Spanish-American War and its aftermath (Philippine-American War, Latin American policy, Platt Amendment) a betrayal of American ideals?
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Be prepared to write a 5-7 sentence response.
AP United States History
Great White Fleet
Imperialism
South And Central America
USII – Mid-Term Study Set 2 – Flashcards 31 terms
31 terms
Preview
USII – Mid-Term Study Set 2 – Flashcards
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Upton Sinclair
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a muckraker who shocked the nation when he published "The Jungle" in 1906, a fiction novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago https://o.quizlet.com/sWJwPFd2rVNuxAxtAvKyOQ_m.jpg
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Nineteenth Amendment
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The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote (suffrage). https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8441/7864012084_7742646d02_m.jpg
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New Freedom
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President Woodrow Wilson's program to place government control on corporations
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Square Deal
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the economic policy by President Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers https://o.quizlet.com/LJ6zwWgusy4V4qVs4A3ytg_m.jpg
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imperialism
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political, military, socially, and economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories. https://o.quizlet.com/gltAgILNGBbWykBc51xkaQ_m.jpg
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Yellow Press
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newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership https://o.quizlet.com/i/dGTUjsBRpjfEmXHemJwo7A_m.jpg
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"dollar diplomacy"
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President Taft's foreign policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad.
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Panama Canal
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A ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914).
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Spanish-American War
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in 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence; led to the U.S. taking control of Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.
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occupation
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Term that means the control of a country by military forces of a foreign power.
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"big stick" diplomacy
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The nickname for President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy by which he relied on a strong U.S. military to achieve American goals.
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Open Door Policy
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A policy, proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have opportunities to trade in China. https://o.quizlet.com/Dsqmdtu6PCnHTjWKUed2uQ_m.png
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sphere of influence
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a region dominated and controlled by an outside power https://o.quizlet.com/HQo1S7ZC9PQ8je6lM.TXkQ_m.jpg
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Rough Riders
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Volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War. https://o.quizlet.com/McsFyh8nEfJWOX2mHN3jZQ_m.jpg
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Great White Fleet
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A squadron of 16 American battleships, painted white, sent around the world to display American naval power.
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Roosevelt Corollary
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Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force.
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"moral diplomacy"
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The foreign policy proposed by President Wilson that condemned imperialism, encouraged the spread of democracy, and promoted peace.
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reparations
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A payment for a wrong or damage done, especially in the case of international war. https://o.quizlet.com/oYcj4s5VnQaNNLYsEGG4Ew_m.jpg
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Woodrow Wilson
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President of the United States prior to and during WWI. https://o.quizlet.com/1nk0l1YwzJ7w7ak6b9wOIQ_m.jpg
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Zimmerman note
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telegram sent by the Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States https://o.quizlet.com/krek0WAUzseVS2zkHFtcpg_m.jpg
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militarism
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a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war https://o.quizlet.com/i/pCTsHY2HsLejTHJLX4P_hQ_m.jpg
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total war
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A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. https://o.quizlet.com/RJdSrdsTjsbK6cm5UUWA-g_m.jpg
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Selective Service Act
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Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft.
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Fourteen Point Plan
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Name for President Wilson's post-war goals for maintaining peace. Supported open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, and popular sovereignty.
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U-boat
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German submarines used in World War I https://o.quizlet.com/i/Jk30LWjJ_ULGIcltSEUZjw_m.jpg
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League of Nations
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A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. https://o.quizlet.com/K9fpqkVLFtMhPTcfPTSr7A_m.jpg
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self-determination
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The right of people to choose their own form of government
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Central Powers
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World War I alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire https://o.quizlet.com/3poEbqZPaWCatyXwm27eGQ_m.png
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propaganda
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The spreading of ideas, often by governments, to influence public opinion for or against a cause https://o.quizlet.com/5M7weIy1TJNyJjPMKrGLAw_m.jpg
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914, which triggered the outbreak of World War I. https://o.quizlet.com/2BaIJzRY0jB62t78wpUoZQ_m.jpg
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Treaty of Versailles
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Agreement made to end WWI https://o.quizlet.com/gbrOhGbUYgdDsq2sPq.4gQ_m.jpg
Great White Fleet
Hit And Run Tactics
Imperialism
World History
US History Imperialism – Flashcards 27 terms
27 terms
Preview
US History Imperialism – Flashcards
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Imperialism
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A stronger nation attempts to create an empire by dominating weaker nations
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Panama Canal
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It facilitated movement between the Atlantic and Pacific ports
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Led to the Spanish American War
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Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule
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Open Door Policy
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A policy of the United States that stated China should be open to all nations that which to trade with them. This policy did not include the consent of the Chinese, and was another form of imperialism. It gave the US access to millions of consumers in China
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Where did the Spanish-American War begin?
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In the Philippine Islands
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A result of the Spanish American War
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Puerto Rico and Guam were made unincorporated US territories
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Roosevelt Corollary
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The US would use force to prevent intervention in the affairs of neighboring countries.
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Leader of the Rough Riders
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Hawaii
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Annexed by the US in 1898
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William Randolph Hearst
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Newspaper publisher whose "yellow journalism" influenced public opinion
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George Dewey
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Admiral who led attack on Spanish ships in the Philippines
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William Howard Taft
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President known for his "Dollar Diplomacy"
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San Juan Hill
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Made famous by the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War
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Arbitration
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Settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides
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Annexation
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Addition of new territory to an existing country
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Concession
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A grant of a piece of land in return for a promise to use the land a certain way
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Sphere of Influence
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Area outside a nation's borders where it exercises economic and political control
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Expanded presidential power; act first ask for permission second; regulated big business; first conservation president
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Dollar Diplomacy
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Taft's foreign policy, invest in foreign companies and nations first so other countries cannot
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Yellow Journalism (Hearst and Pulitzer)
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Influenced opinions of US citizens on events in Cuba; increased public sympathy for the Cuban rebels
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Alfred T. Mahan
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Argued that the economic future of the US depended on gaining new markets abroad and a strong navy for protection
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Reasons for US imperialism
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Economic factors- new markets; Nationalist factors- love of country; Military factors- bases around world; Humanitarian factors- spread US idea of a better way of life
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Anti-Imperialist Argument
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Imperialism was inconsistent with the basic American idea of "liberty for all."
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Platt Amendment
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Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's independence and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
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Big Stick Diplomacy
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Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.
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new nationalism
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1912: Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency, the New Nationalism called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It urged protection of children, women, and workers.
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Boxer Rebellion
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1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.
Great White Fleet
History of the Americas
Sino Japanese War
Twenty One Demands
United States History
World History
U.S. History Semester 2 (2.2.7 Quiz: America and Japan) – Flashcards 10 terms
10 terms
Preview
U.S. History Semester 2 (2.2.7 Quiz: America and Japan) – Flashcards
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What was Japan's goal in the 21 Demands?
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To force China to grant Japan trade concessions
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Agreements between Japan and the United States between 1906 and 1909 were designed to support:
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The Open Door policy.
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Which best describes an activity of "Dollar Diplomacy"?
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Loaning money to foreign governments
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What slogan did Japan adopt during the Meiji Restoration?
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"Death to the Westerners"!!!!!! Just kidding, it was actually "Civilisation and Enlightenment".
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What was a similarity between the United States and Japan the early 1900s?
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All of the above (military strength capable of defeating European powers, empire-building goals in the Pacific & new industry and wealth).
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Japan prior to 1853 was:
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Isolated from the world.
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Which agreement between the United States and Japan first addressed the role of Japan in Korea?
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The Taft-Katsura Agreement
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Which of the following explains the importance of the Gentlemen's Agreement between Japan and the United States?
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It helped diffuse the rising tensions between Japan and the United States.
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What effect did the Great White Fleet have on Japan?
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The Japanese were impressed.
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How was the United States involved in the Russo-Japanese War?
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President Roosevelt helped negotiate peace.
Great White Fleet
Imperialism
Spanish American War
World History
AP world history 1750-1900 – Flashcards 73 terms
73 terms
Preview
AP world history 1750-1900 – Flashcards
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social Darwinism
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The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
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industrial revolution
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Change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power
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labor union
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an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
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trade union
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Organization of workers with the same trade or skill
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american revolution
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the war between Great Britain and its American colonies, 1775-83, by which the colonies won their independence.
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assembly line
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In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.
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Berlin conference 1884
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Every country who wanted a part of Africa attended, and the continent was divided so no one would get into a conflict over the land.
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bloody sunday
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1905, peaceful protest to czar Nicholas II palace, led by Father Gapon, people killed by palace guards
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boer wars
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Wars between the Dutch and British in Africa. A sort of cold war between the two powers. The Dutch wanted slavery but the English didn't
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boxer rebellion
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A rebellion of traditionalist Chinese people who wanted to throw the foreigners out
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british east india company
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A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.
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capitulations
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Agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Empire
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charles darwin
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English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection set forth his theory of evolution.
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karl marx
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German journalist and philosopher, founder of the Marxist branch of socialism. He is known for two books: The Communist Manifesto, and Das Kapital
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communist manifesto
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Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.
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congress of vienna
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Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon
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emancipation of the serfs
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Alexander II in 1861 ended serfdom in Russia; serfs did not obtain political rights and had to pay the aristocracy for lands gained
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empress cixi
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Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi. She put her son under house arrest, supported anti-foreign movements(Boxers), and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces.
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execution of louis XVI
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Louis XVI was killed due to his monarchial views on ruling France, which all of the citizens greatly disagreed with
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Miguel hidalgo
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Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions
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indian national congress
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A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
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intolerable acts
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A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British
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the jewel in the crown
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The British nickname for India, due to its resources
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maxim guns
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this was the frist automatic machine gun that gave Europeans a huge advantage in fighting African armies
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meiji restoration
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The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.
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monroe doctorine
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speech that said: america was closed from other colonization. warned european countries that attempt to colonize is considered dangerous to peace and safety
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muhammad ali
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Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.
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muslim league
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an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations
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napoleon bonaparte
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Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.
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open door policy
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A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
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opium wars
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war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges
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panama canal
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The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.
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the raj
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the British rule of India
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reign of terror
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the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
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cecil rhodes
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Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.
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rudyard kipling
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British writer who wrote of "the white man's burden" and justified imperialism
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russification
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the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire, had to learn customs of russians and convert to Russian orthodox
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russo-japanese war
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Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
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scramble for africa
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Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
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sepoy mutiny
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an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India
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seven years war
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fought between England and France, 1756-1763; known as the French and Indian War in the colonies, it started in 1754, over control of the Ohio River Valley and resulted in France's withdrawal from North America. It was the impetus for Parliament's taxing policy that led to the American Revolution.
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sino-japanese war
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(1894-95) War fought between China and Japan. After Korea was opened to Japanese trade in 1876, it rapidly became an arena for rivalry between the expanding Japanese state and neighbouring China.
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spanish american war
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In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
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sphere of influence
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A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.
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suez canal
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A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Route for British from Egypt
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the state duma of russia
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The State Duma was first introduced in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament.
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steam engine
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A machine that turns steam into power, crucial element in Britain's Industrial Revolution
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Taiping rebellion
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The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing
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unequal treaties
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treaties between China and the Western powers after the Opium War that vastly favored the Western powers
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otto von bismarck
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Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire
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wealth of nations
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This is the 18th century book written by Scottish economist Adam Smith in which he spells out the first modern account of free market economies.
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witte industrialization program
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a program begun by Count Sergei Lul'evich Witte starting in 1892; attempting to modernize and industrialize Russia to make the country more competitive with other nations
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young turks party
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A Turkish revolutionary nationalist reform party, officially known as the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), whose leaders led a rebellion against the Ottoman sultan and effectively ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1908 until shortly before World War I
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Europe Imperialism In India
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Europe had long been trading with india for there luxury items of tea, sugar, silk, salt and jute. The Mughal empire had relgious fighting b/w the hindus and muslims created an opening without a strong leader. Battle between france and england over india. England took over, with the British East India company. Created an effienct army, the sepoys, until the sepoy mutiny. The mughal empire ended, india became a crown colony and the last ruler exiled. Queen Victoria crowned empress.
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Europe Imperialism in India
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Britain took control over all trade in China after the second defeat of the Opium war. Government weakened, created white lotus and Taiping rebellion. Christian missionaries brought into region China lost control of Korea and Vietnam (to french), and Taiwan. With Sphere of Influence, Europe took a piece of China. Set up military bases, business, transportation, communicated operation. United states stepped in and set up Boxer rebellion. Boxer rebellion resulted in signing of Boxer Protocol. Foot binding and Chinese examination system was eliminated.
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Japanese Imperialism
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Built highly self involved society. Realized how underdeveloped they were, industrialized. Meiji restoration pushed out shogunate. Began building railroads and steamships. Samurai class was abolished and universal military service for all men was established. Increase in cultural creativity. Military power rose, defeated china for control of Korea and Taiwan. Maintained trade.
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Europe in Africa
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South Africa: before gold and diamonds discovered, Europe only used Africa for shipping and military reasons.When it was discovered by Boers, Boer war started. South Africa was annexed under Europe. Still had self rule, white men could only vote, natives had few rights, Educated Africans organized African national congress to oppose European colonialism. Ended badly.
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Ottoman empire (Egypt)
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Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt , industrialization and expanded agriculture toward cotton production that was exported to Britain. Building of Suez Canal made Britain declare Egypt a British protectorate, but Egypt was still held political power.
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Africa
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Africa was colonized by Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Belgium, only leaving Ethiopia and Liberia as an independent state. Every ruler except Britain controlled their region directly, so Britain regions where free to practiced their own custom. Added in roads, railroad, dams, traditional African schools, European schools, christian missionaries, and western business practices.
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American Revolution
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Thomas Paine urged those to support this movement, telling colonist to form a better govt. Printing press was a powerful tool during this time. France aided in revolution, conquered core of British army. The Constitution and the bill o frights were written, ratified and put into effect, with a strong democracy.
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French Revolution
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New constitution the Convention became the new ruling body, made france a republic led by the radicals, the jacobins, they imprisoned the royal family and beheaded the king.
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Haiti
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French exported coffee, coca and indigo. Owned huge plantations and slaves who grew an harvested crops under harsh conditions. Pierre led a violent revolt , successful due to yellow fever which killed of many french.
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Brazil
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Son of Portuguese King John VI, Pedro declared Brazil an independent and crowned himself emperor, in a few years, Brazil had a constitution. Son Pedro II turned it into a major exporter of coffee, which angred the land owning class, overthrew he monarchy and established a republic.
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mexico
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After the efforts of Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos, the treaty of Cordora, Spain lost control of Mexico, and Central America soon followed.
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Italy
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Was being controlled by Austria, France and Spain. King of Sardinia named Count Camillo Cavour the minister and nationalism took off. Able to remove Austria influence. Giuseppe Garibaldi raised up a volunteer army and drove spain out. By 1861, a large part of Italy was unified and declared itself a kingdom under Victor Emmanuel II.
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Germany
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The area was dominated by two powers, Prussa and Austria. Many wanted to united Germany so they could compete with the great powers. Appointed Otto Von Bismarck prime minister. Defeated Prussia and wit the help of the Franco-Prussian war, gave German control over catholic regions. Crowned King William emperor and stated the First Reich. With the industrial revolution, built a huge navy, and tried colonial growth in Africa and Asia.
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Russia
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Emancipation of the serfs did little to help the peasents. Middle classs started to grow and the arts began to flourish. Russification started.
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Pierre Toussaint L'overture
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"The Black Napolean" and led the revolution in Haiti that defeated the French
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Jacques Dessalines
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the guy that proclaimed haiti as free
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Jose de san Martin
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South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru
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Simon Bolivar
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The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
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Miguel Hidalgo
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Mexican priest and revolutionary. Although the revolt he initiated against Spanish rule failed, he is regarded as a national hero in Mexico's struggle for independence from Spain.
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Jose Morelos
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Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1814.
