Gaba And Glutamate Flashcards, test questions and answers
Discover flashcards, test exam answers, and assignments to help you learn more about Gaba And Glutamate and other subjects. Don’t miss the chance to use them for more effective college education. Use our database of questions and answers on Gaba And Glutamate and get quick solutions for your test.
We've found 5 Gaba And Glutamate tests
AP Psychology
Behavior Therapy Focuses On
Gaba And Glutamate
Psychology
Ch 14 PSYC – Flashcards 35 terms
35 terms
Preview
Ch 14 PSYC – Flashcards
question
1. All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _____ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. A) genetic vulnerability to mental disorders B) abnormal brain chemistry C) psychological factors D) repressed sexual urges and wishes
answer
C) psychological factors
question
2. The different forms of biomedical therapy are based on the assumption that _____ play a significant role in causing the symptoms of psychological disorders. A) dysfunctional family relationships B) biological factors C) repressed sexual urges and wishes D) psychological factors
answer
B) biological factors
question
3. Typically, a clinical psychologist holds a(n): A) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. B) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. C) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
answer
D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
question
4. Typically, a psychiatrist holds a(n): A) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. B) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. C) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing, psychotherapy, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
answer
C) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders.
question
5. Which of the following mental health professionals holds a master's degree in social work and has had an internship at a social service agency or mental health center? A) psychiatric nurse B) psychoanalyst C) psychiatric social worker D) psychiatrist
answer
C) psychiatric social worker
question
6. A _____ is usually a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist who has received additional training in using the specific techniques of the form of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud. A) psychiatric nurse B) psychoanalyst C) psychiatric social worker D) marriage and family therapist
answer
psychoanalyst
question
7. According to the psychoanalytic approach, what helps the patient develop more adaptive emotions and patterns of behavior? A) when the patient learns to actively dispute his or her own irrational thoughts and beliefs B) when the patient experiences a strong sense of unconditional positive regard from the therapist C) when the patient achieves insight and resolves the unconscious conflicts that were maintaining maladaptive emotions and behavior D) when the patient successfully completes systematic desensitization
answer
C) when the patient achieves insight and resolves the unconscious conflicts that were maintaining maladaptive emotions and behavior
question
8. _____ is a short-term dynamic therapy that focuses on current relationships and social interactions, and is based on the assumption that psychological symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems. A) Psychoanalysis B) Rational emotive therapy (RET) C) Interpersonal therapy (IPT) D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
answer
C) Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
question
9. The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes: A) an individual's conscious, subjective perception of his or her self. B) unconscious motives and conflicts. C) the use of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. D) the use of aversive conditioning.
answer
A) an individual's conscious, subjective perception of his or her self.
question
10. In client-centered therapy, the therapist usually strives to be: A) confrontational, forceful, and blunt. B) nondirective, genuine, and accepting. C) neutral and aloof. D) very directive and demanding.
answer
B) nondirective, genuine, and accepting.
question
11. According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems develop when: A) unconscious conflicts are not recognized. B) a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life. C) a person is exposed to excessive unconditional positive regard. D) a person's parents unconsciously reinforce unhealthy behaviors rather than healthy behaviors.
answer
B) a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life.
question
12. In the 1920s, the famous case of Little Albert demonstrated that: A) children develop fears and phobias because of intense anxiety over being abandoned by their parents, especially their mothers. B) chronic bed-wetting can be reduced and eliminated if the young child experiences conditional acceptance. C) unhealthy emotional responses, such as irrational fears, can be the result of classical conditioning. D) ECT can be used to treat depression in children as young as 7 or 8 years old.
answer
C) unhealthy emotional responses, such as irrational fears, can be the result of classical conditioning.
question
13. The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that: A) faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties. B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned. C) every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties. D) the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.
answer
B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned.
question
14. Which techniques did Mary Cover Jones use in her successful treatment of a 3-year-old boy named Peter who had a phobia of rabbits? A) dream interpretation, free association, and transference B) observational learning and counterconditioning C) positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and shaping D) virtual reality and the bell and pad treatment
answer
B) observational learning and counterconditioning
question
15. Mary Cover Jones is regarded by many psychologists as the: A) first female psychoanalyst who was trained by Sigmund Freud. B) first psychologist to develop and use family therapy. C) founder of Alcoholics Anonymous and the self-help movement. D) first behavior therapist.
answer
D) first behavior therapist.
question
16. Systematic desensitization is based on the same premise as: A) aversive conditioning. B) unconditional positive regard. C) transference. D) counterconditioning.
answer
D) counterconditioning.
question
17. Controlled studies have shown that virtual reality treatment of phobias: A) is promising, but still not accepted as a proven treatment for phobias. B) is less effective than graduated exposure to the actual feared object or situation. C) is an effective treatment for many common phobias. D) is effective only when combined with psychoanalytic treatment.
answer
C) is an effective treatment for many common phobias.
question
18. Psychologists are using virtual reality technology: A) as a different form of aversive conditioning in the treatment of alcohol and cigarette addiction. B) as a positive reinforcer in the treatment of disobedient children. C) to create a computerized therapy program that talks and responds like a real clinical psychologist. D) to create computer-generated images that can be used in systematic desensitization therapy.
answer
D) to create computer-generated images that can be used in systematic desensitization therapy.
question
19. The use of aversive conditioning as a therapeutic technique: A) has dramatically increased in the last decade because of its effectiveness. B) has proven effective in the treatment of phobias, depression, and bed wetting. C) is no longer legal in this country but is still widely used in other countries. D) has declined in recent years because it is not very effective in producing desired changes.
answer
D) has declined in recent years because it is not very effective in producing desired changes.
question
20. The bell and pad treatment involves: A) an electrified pad that produces a mild shock and a loud bell that sounds whenever the person smokes a cigarette. B) the person writing down his or her immediate thoughts on a pad whenever a bell sounds. C) a special insulated pad placed under the bottom bed sheet that detects moisture and triggers a ringing bell if the child starts to wet the bed. D) wearing a motion-sensitive helmet and standing on a special pad that triggers a bell whenever heart rate and breathing rate decrease.
answer
C) a special insulated pad placed under the bottom bed sheet that detects moisture and triggers a ringing bell if the child starts to wet the bed.
question
21. A token economy is: A) a form of couple therapy in which each partner regularly gives the other partner some small gift that represents a token of his or her affection and commitment to the relationship. B) the most common type of self-help group. C) the same thing as Naikan therapy in Japan. D) a system for strengthening desirable behaviors in a group of people in the same setting, such as a correctional institution or psychiatric ward.
answer
D) a system for strengthening desirable behaviors in a group of people in the same setting, such as a correctional institution or psychiatric ward.
question
22. A version of the token economy that is modified so it can be used in outpatient treatment programs is called: A) a contingency management intervention. B) a token reinforcer program. C) the Community Reinforcement Protocol (abbreviated CRP). D) the variable ratio treatment protocol.
answer
A) a contingency management intervention.
question
23. Cognitive psychotherapy is based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by: A) faulty or maladaptive learning. B) unconscious conflicts. C) faulty or maladaptive thinking. D) conditional positive regard.
answer
C) faulty or maladaptive thinking.
question
24. Two of the most influential forms of cognitive psychotherapy are: A) client-centered therapy and short-term dynamic therapy. B) rational-emotive therapy (RET) and cognitive therapy (CT). C) counterconditioning and psychoanalysis. D) client-centered therapy and network therapy.
answer
B) rational-emotive therapy (RET) and cognitive therapy (CT).
question
25. According to the ABC model: A) your beliefs (B) about activating events (A), and not the events themselves, cause emotional consequences (C). B) activating events (A) cause emotional consequences (C), which change your beliefs (B) about your self-concept. C) psychological symptoms develop when all (A) behaviors (B) result in the consequence (C) of conditional acceptance. D) activating events (A) cause behavioral (B) and emotional consequences (C).
answer
A) your beliefs (B) about activating events (A), and not the events themselves, cause emotional consequences (C).
question
26. A therapy approach that is based on the idea that cognitions, behaviors, and emotional responses are interrelated, with each affecting the other, is called: A) cognitive-behavioral therapy. B) behavior modification. C) psychoanalysis. D) interpersonal therapy (IPT)
answer
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
question
27. The basic premise of family therapy is that: A) virtually all families are dysfunctional. B) the family is a dynamic, interdependent system in which each member plays a distinct role. C) because the client is the victim of defective parenting, the client needs to openly confront his or her parents in a therapeutic setting. D) children's psychological problems are due to poor communication between husband and wife.
answer
B) the family is a dynamic, interdependent system in which each member plays a distinct role.
question
28. The general goal of couple therapy is to: A) help clients understand that other people have the same kinds of problems and promote self-help skills. B) increase the chances that a newly engaged couple will stay married. C) increase intimacy and improve problem solving and communication skills of people in a committed relationship. D) help a single person find a marital partner.
answer
C) increase intimacy and improve problem solving and communication skills of people in a committed relationship.
question
29. A key difference between a self-help group and group therapy is that: A) self-help groups are usually more expensive. B) self-help groups are hardly ever effective whereas group therapy is almost always effective. C) self-help groups are made up of people with diverse problems while group therapy groups are made up of people with the same problem. D) self-help groups are typically organized and led by nonprofessionals.
answer
D) self-help groups are typically organized and led by nonprofessionals.
question
30. Psychotropic medications: A) were first developed by the Chinese during the Ming Dynasty in the 1300s. B) are drugs that alter mental functions and are used to treat mental disorders. C) were first brought to Europe in the 1500s by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. D) All of the above are correct.
answer
B) are drugs that alter mental functions and are used to treat mental disorders.
question
31. Valium, Librium, Xanax, and other similar antianxiety medications: A) act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour. B) usually produce their anxiety-reducing effects within two to three weeks. C) can be taken for months or years without any serious side effects. D) increase brain levels of dopamine.
answer
A) act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour.
question
32. Symptoms of pervasive sadness, hopelessness, depression, sleep disturbances, guilt, and suicidal thoughts are treated with a class of psychoactive medications called: A) anti-inflammatory drugs. B) antipsychotic drugs. C) antidepressants. D) the benzodiazepines.
answer
B) antipsychotic drugs.
question
33. According to the textbook, the relationship between a therapist and client should be: A) a collaborative one. B) much like a close friendship, only more intense. C) one in which the therapist makes decisions for the client. D) more important to the client than any other relationship, if the therapy is to be effective.
answer
A) a collaborative one.
question
34. Regarding sexual interactions between client and therapist, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) As long as a client is of legal age, sexual relationships between a client and therapist are both legal and ethical. B) Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical. C) Although sexual contact is not supposed to take place between therapist and client, if it does occur, it rarely has any detrimental effects on the client. D) Sexual interaction between the therapist and the client is a key component of many forms of psychotherapy.
answer
B) Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical.
question
35. Mackenzie has just started psychotherapy. If Mackenzie is typical of most psychotherapy clients, she should expect to notice significant progress: A) immediately. B) after a few months of weekly sessions. C) after a year of weekly sessions. D) after two to three years of weekly sessions.
answer
B) after a few months of weekly sessions.
Drug Awareness
Gaba And Glutamate
Illicit Drug Use
New York Times
Norepinephrine And Dopamine
Substance Abuse
chap 6 – Flashcard 27 terms
27 terms
Preview
chap 6 – Flashcard
question
the use of cocaine by members of the general public in europe was initially in the form of
answer
drinks, such as coca wine
question
Dr. W.S Halsted the father of american surgery, experimented with cocaine's ability to produce
answer
local anesthesia
question
which famous physician studied cocaine as treatment for morphine dependence and depression
answer
sigmund frued
question
the 1914 new your time article, "Negro cocaine 'fiends' are a new southern menace,"
answer
said that cocaine increased homicidal tendencies and improved marksmanship
question
what did the 1914 Harrison act do?
answer
taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium
question
most illicit cocaine in the US is powder cocaine which is
answer
too stable to be smoked
question
although national survey on drug use and health data indicates greater prevalence of illicit drug use among white americans, black americans represented more than 80% of those arrested for
answer
violation in federal crack cocaine laws
question
int the text, the discussion of media depictions of powder cocaine use in the early 20th century and crack cocaine use in the 1980's was used to illustrate that
answer
the US media and drug policies may target people of color disproportionately
question
cocaines effects in the brain
answer
result from : blocking serotonin reuptake, blocking dopamine reuptake, blocking norepinephrine reuptake
question
the most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by
answer
snorting
question
what is cocaine still used for medically
answer
local anesthesia for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries
question
cocathylene is formed in the body when
answer
cocaine and alcohol are used together
question
when lab animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injection
answer
they will readily self administer it
question
illicit cocaine come to the US primarily from
answer
south america
question
amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the chinese herb plant ma huang. that chemical is
answer
ephedrine
question
which of these was not one of the early medical uses for amphetamine first studies in the 1930's
answer
treating anxiety
question
during world war II, amphetamines were used to
answer
decrease fatigue by several nations militaries
question
Illicit use of intravenous amphetamines first became a big public concern in
answer
the 1960's
question
crystal meth refers to
answer
meth crystals, which may be smoked
question
studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines have focused mainly on
answer
release of norepinephrine and dopamine
question
which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression
answer
amphetamines are used mostly as an adjunctive therapy
question
the effect of amphetamines on weight control
answer
is real but small and limited in duration
question
inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are characteristics of
answer
ADHD
question
one non-stimulant medication that has been approved for ADHD does not appear to have abuse potential, Atomoxetine is sold under the brand name
answer
strattera
question
one of the more disturbing side effects of treating ADHD with amphetamines or ritalin is
answer
decreased height and weight gains in children
question
the ability of stimulants to improve mental performance
answer
depends on the complexity of the task and the dose
question
paranoid psychosis can be produced by
answer
high doses of amphetamines
Anatomy And Physiology
Gaba And Glutamate
Human Anatomy And Physiology 1
Sympathetic Nervous System
Physio Exam #2 [Neurochemistry] Part I – Flashcards 51 terms
51 terms
Preview
Physio Exam #2 [Neurochemistry] Part I – Flashcards
question
3 effects of neurotransmitters
answer
1. the combination of neurotransmitter being released 2. the type of receptors (there can be several) 3. where in the brain the neurotransmitter is being released
question
3 principles of identifying neurotransmitters
answer
1. associations-thoughts/feelings/behaviors associated with neurotransmitter can help distinguish one from another 2. categories-of chemical structure 3. excitatory or inhibitory- effect
question
3 categories for neurotransmitters
answer
small molecule, peptides, and other
question
3 small molecules
answer
acetylcholine, amines, and amino acids
question
where are small molecules made and released?
answer
made in terminal button; released into synapse
question
acetylcholine
answer
stimulates muscles in brain, less acetylcholine in dementia patients
question
amines
answer
stimulating/arousing effect in body
question
5 amine neurotransmitters
answer
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin
question
amino acid
answer
amine group + carboxyl group (simply bigger than amines)
question
2 amino acids
answer
glutamate and GABA
question
glutamate overview
answer
most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitters, prevalent in learning, too much glutamate means amnesia
question
GABA
answer
shuts down nervous system, calming
question
peptides
answer
chain of amino acids, play a role in feeling an emotion, helps to link CNS with immune system
question
3 types of neurotransmitters in the "other" category
answer
lipids, nucleosides, gases
question
lipids
answer
fats, endocannabinoids (they modulate other neurotransmitters)
question
example of nucleoside
answer
adenosine
question
2 examples of gases
answer
nitric oxide (dilates blood vessels) and carbon monoxide
question
2 Small molecule neurotransmitters
answer
acetylcholine and [mono]amines
question
synthesis of acetylecholine
answer
acetate and choline (acidic foods and dairy)
question
breakdown of acetylcholine
answer
acetylcholinesterase
question
4 actions of acetylcholine in the PNS
answer
1. activates muscles 2. nicotinic receptors (excitatory) 3. muscarinic receptors (ach inhibits the heart) 4. block ach=slow everything down
question
what blocks the binding of ACHE?
answer
kurari
question
what blocks muscarinic receptors?
answer
atropine
question
4 actions of ACH in the CNS?
answer
1. memory and learning 2. sleep and arousal 3. higher ACH in the parasympathetic 4. higher ACH = depression
question
what part of the CNS is acetylcholine the key NT?
answer
hippocampus (memory and learning) and RAS (sleep and arousal)
question
3 types of [mono]amine?
answer
catecholamine, indolamine, histamine
question
3 kinds of catecholamines?
answer
dopamine, norepinephrine. epinephrine
question
2 kinds of indolamines?
answer
serotonin and melatonin
question
what is amenergic transmission?
answer
amines moving through the body
question
what is the synthesis of catecholamines?
answer
tyramine to DA to NE to E
question
what breaks down catecholamines?
answer
MAO
question
4 things about dopamine
answer
1. found in sympathetic ns 2. inhibits prolactine 3. high DA= impulsive decisions 4. low DA= no perseverance
question
dopamine: affect
answer
pleasure
question
dopamine: sleep
answer
dopamine decreases during sleep
question
dopamine: learning and memory
answer
optimal level
question
norepinephrine
answer
sympathetic ns, arousal and alertness
question
norepinephrine: affect
answer
active emotions, aggression
question
norepinephrine: disorders
answer
high NE = panic attacks & irritable, low NE= depression
question
norepinephrine: learning & memory
answer
optimal level
question
norepinephrine: eating
answer
decreases ability to digest, high NE = decreased eating
question
epinephrine
answer
primary NT of the sympathetic ns
question
epinephrine: affect
answer
general anxiety, passive emotions
question
epinephrine: learning and memory
answer
optimal level, increased E=increased cortisol=interfere w/ memory
question
what is serotonin synthesized from?
answer
tryptophan
question
what interferes with tryptophan/serotonin?
answer
phenylalanine
question
where is tryptophan made?
answer
small intestines
question
serotonin: psych disorders
answer
1. decreased serotonin = depression/suicide 2. increased serotonin = OCD 3. receptors in medial pre-frontal cortex which regulates emotions
question
serotonin: affect
answer
1. partly inhibits dopamine 2. increased serotonin = decreased pleasure 3. decreased serotonin = increased aggression, fear, anxiety 4. increased estrogen = increased fat = decreased serotonin
question
serotonin: eating and drinking
answer
low serotonin = carb eating, high serotonin = low bone density and nassau
question
serotonin: arousal
answer
calming/relaxing, deepens S sleep (physical), shortens D sleep (mental)
question
serotonin: drugs
answer
hallucinogenic drugs bind on serotonin receptors
Anatomy And Physiology
Gaba And Glutamate
Human Anatomy And Physiology 1
Neurochemistry
Psychology
ANHB2217 – Introduction to Neurochemistry – Flashcards 19 terms
19 terms
Preview
ANHB2217 – Introduction to Neurochemistry – Flashcards
question
What is an alternative name for neurotransmitter?
answer
Neuromodulator
question
What are the 2 speeds/mechanisms that a synaptic transmission can occur?
answer
-Rapid + Point-to-point -Slow + Diffusion
question
What are the 3 types of Neurotransmitter/Neuromodulators and examples?
answer
1. Amino Acids - Glutamte, GABA, Glycerine 2. Monoamines - ACh, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline 3. Neuropeptides - Substance P, Enkephalins, Endorphins, Somatostatic, Cholecystokinn (CCK) etc
question
List 3 examples of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
answer
-Glutamate -GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) -Glycine
question
List 5 examples of Monoamine Neurotransmission
answer
-ACh -Serotonin -Dopamine -Noradrenalin -Adrenalin
question
List 7 examples of Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters
answer
-Substance P -Enkephalins -Endorphins -Somatistatin -Cholecystokinin (CCK) -Vasoactive Polypeptide (VIP) -Neuropeptide Y
question
What are the 2 types of Neurotransmitter Synapses?
answer
1. Ionotropic 2. Metabotropic
question
What types of proteins are found in Ionotropic transmission?
answer
Transmitter gated ion channels
question
Which of the 2 types of synapses occurs fast/rapidly? Mechanism?
answer
Ionotropic - point-to-point
question
What type of proteins are found in Metabotropic transmission?
answer
Active G-proteins + Second messengers
question
Which of the 2 types of synapses occur slowly? Mechanism?
answer
Metabotropic - diffusion
question
What effect does the rapid speed of Ionotropic transmission have?
answer
Fast time course
question
What effect does the slow speed of Metabotropic transmission have?
answer
Long acting effect seen which often involve metabotropic receptors
question
Which of the 2 types of synapses relay Excitatory and Inhibitory post-synaptic potential?
answer
Ionotropic transmission
question
List 5 sites of Drug Action (preventing AP relay along a synapse)
answer
1. Synthesis (neurotransmitter) 2. Presence and release (of neurotransmitter) from presynaptic site 3. Binding (of neurotransmitter) to post-synaptic receptor 4. Effect the change that occurs in the post-synaptic cell 5. Inactivation of neurotransmitter
question
ASTROCYTES
answer
question
BRAIN DISTRIBUTION AND RELATION TO ANATOMICAL PATHWAYS
answer
question
List 4 topic regarding changes to neurotransmitters seen in aging and disease
answer
1. Changes in expression of neurotransmitter and receptors with age 2. Changes associated with some psychiatric disorders 3. Changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's/Parkinson's 4. Effect of drugs (recreational vs therapeutic)
question
List some important structures found in the human Cholinergic Pathway
answer
-NUCLEUS BASALIS -SEPTAL NUCLEI -Extenal capsule -Cigulate bundle -Hippocampic
Gaba And Glutamate
Psychology
Rem Sleep Deprivation
Psychology Chap 7 States of Consciousness Multiple Choice 60 terms
60 terms
Preview
Psychology Chap 7 States of Consciousness Multiple Choice
question
ALL OF THE ABOVE daydreaming, sleeping, and hypnosis
answer
consciousness includes these
question
young adults
answer
tends to daydream most
question
when this is disrupted, we experience jet lag
answer
circadian rhythm
question
Sleep spindles predominate during this sleep stage
answer
Stage 2 of Sleep
question
the body experiences increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and genital arousal occurs in this sleep stage
answer
REM Sleep stage
question
90 minutes
answer
the length of the sleep cycle
question
ALL OF THE ABOVE suppression of the immune system, altered metabolic and hormonal functioning impaired creativity increased accident proneness
answer
effects of chronic sleep deprivation
question
decrease of REM sleep
answer
one effect of sleeping pills
question
Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by...
answer
blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells
question
alcohol
answer
classified as a depressant
question
modern discovery of hypnosis
answer
Mesmer
question
hypnosis is NOT associated with a distinct physiological state
answer
true about hypnosis
question
people who heard unusual phrases prior to sleep were awakened each time they began REM sleep. The fact that they remembered less the next morning provides support for this theory of dreaming
answer
information-processing
question
a symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes
answer
according to Freud, dreams are this...
question
alteration of neural activity in the brain
answer
psychoactive drugs affect behavior and perception through though this
question
biological factors place some individuals at increased risk for addiction
answer
NOT a common misconception about addiction
question
at its beginning, psychology focused on the study of this
answer
consciousness
question
dreaming is an attempt to escape from social stimulation
answer
NOT mentioned as a theory of dreaming
question
the sleep-waking cycles of young people who stay up too late typically last this long
answer
25 hours in duration
question
the lowest rates of drug use among high school seniors is reported by...
answer
black males
question
REM sleep deprivation results in a REM rebound
answer
True of REM sleep
question
these theorists believe that the mind and the body are separate entities
answer
the dualists
question
the transfer of experiences to long-term memory
answer
alcohol has the most profound effect on this
question
awake and relaxed
answer
EEG shows a high proportion of alpha waves
question
regular body cycles that occur on a 24 hour schedule
answer
circadian rhythms
question
a person who requires increasing amounts of a drug in order to feel its effect is said to have developed this
answer
tolerance
question
sudden sleep attacks during the day
answer
NOT an example of biological rhythm
question
genital arousal occurs is characteristic of this sleep stage
answer
characteristic of REM sleep
question
NOT a stimulus
answer
alcohol
question
greater when people are led to expect it
answer
hypnotic responsiveness
question
he said that hypnosis is a dissociation between different levels of consciousness
answer
hilgard
question
children whose parents abuse alcohol have a lower tolerance for multiple alcoholic drinks
answer
NOT evidence that heredity influences alcohol use
question
no more effective than positive suggestion-giving without hypnosis
answer
as a form of relieving problems such as warts, hypnosis is...
question
usually the most powerful determinant of thither teenagers begin using drugs
answer
peer influence
question
marijuana
answer
THC is the major active ingredient in this
question
those who believe that hypnosis is a social phenomenon argue that 'hypnotized" individuals are...
answer
merely acting out a role
question
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
answer
"consciousness" defined
question
synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces euphoria and social intimacy by triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin
answer
MDMA
question
dreaming represents the brain's efforts to integrate unrelated bursts of activity in brain areas that process visual images with emotional tone provided by activity in the limbic system
answer
activation-synthesis theory
question
ALL OF THE ABOVE the dosage and form in which the drug is taken the user's expectations and personality the situation in which the drug is taken
answer
how a particular psychoactive drug affects a person depends upon this
question
a person who falls asleep in the midst of a heated argument probably suffers from this
answer
narcolepsy
question
NOT suggested as an important aspect of drug prevention and treatment programs
answer
"scare tactics" that frighten prepubescent children into avoiding drug experimentation
question
the body's muscles remain relaxes while the brain and eyes are active
answer
REM sleep = paradoxical sleep because
question
an attorney wants to know if the details and accuracy of an eyewitness's memory for a crime would improve under hypnosis. Given the results of relevant research, you tell the attorney...
answer
most hypnotically retrieved memories are either false or contaminated
question
B AND C the dosage needed to produce the desired effect will increase after each use, he will become more and more depressed
answer
male has recently begun using an addictive, euphoria-producing drug. which will occur if he repeatedly uses the drug?
question
although her eyes are closed, her brain is generating bursts of electrical activity. what is occurring?
answer
in REM Sleep
question
conscious processing is serial, while subconscious processing is parallel
answer
concluding he's presentation on levels of information processing, he states that
question
ALL OV THE ABOVE if angered, he is more likely to become aggressive than when he is sober he will be less self-conscious about his behavior if sexually aroused, he will be less inhibited about engaging in sexual activity the next day he may be unable to remember what happened while he was drinking
answer
He is moderately intoxicated by alcohol. Which behavior changes are likely to occur?
question
she dreams her boyfriend pushes her in front of an oncoming car. her psychoanalyst suggests that the dream might symbolize her fear that her boyfriend is rushing her into sexual activity prematurely. the analyst is evidently attempting to interpret this
answer
latent content of her dream
question
he has just spent four nights as a subject in a sleep study in which he was awakened each time he entered REM sleep. Now that the experiment is over, he can expect to have this...
answer
there will be an INCREASE in his REM sleep
question
actress with a rich imagination
answer
who is likely to be the most hypnotically suggestible?
question
adopted individuals are more susceptible to alcoholism if they had an adoptive parent with alcoholism
answer
NOT true about alcoholism
question
ALL THE ABOVE for problems of self-control, such as smoking, hypnosis is equally effective with subjects who can be deeply hypnotized and those who cannot posthypnotic suggestions have helped alleviate headaches, asthma, warts, and stress-related skin disorders positive suggestions given without hypnosis are often as effective as hypnosis as a form of therapy
answer
research studies of the effectiveness of hypnosis as a form of therapy have demonstrated...
question
PET scan of a sleeping person's brain reveals increased activity in the visual and auditory areas. this most likely indicates that the sleeper is in this state
answer
is in REM sleep
question
Levar believes that once the body has died, the mind also ceases to exist. Levar is a...
answer
monist
question
the by-products of marijuana are cleared from the body more quickly than are the by-products of alcohol
answer
NOT true of marijuana
question
they typically consist of fantastic, mystical imagery
answer
true of near-death experiences
question
if a hypnotist eliminates the motivation for acting, hypnotized subjects become unresponsive
answer
those who consider hypnosis a social phenomenon contend this
question
it is nearly impossible to predict whether or not a particular adolescent will experiment with drugs
answer
NOT true concerning the roots of drug use
question
most daydreaming involves the familiar details of our everyday lives
answer
true statement concerning daydreaming
