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APUSH chapter 27 quiz – Flashcards 22 terms
22 terms
Preview
APUSH chapter 27 quiz – Flashcards
question
Which of the fine was the most important source of resentment about Allied conduct of World War II
answer
The slowness of the allies in opening a major second front
question
An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchhill agreed at Casablanca in 1943 to demand unconditional surrender of the axis powers was to
answer
Reassure the Russians they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone
question
Yalta in 1945 the Soviet union gained territorial concessions and Asia in return for agreeing to
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Enter the war against Japan
question
With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from now to control the Yalta conference provided for
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Interim government and subsequent free elections
question
President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets
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Was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam
question
When it became evident that Chiang Kia-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's communist ministration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia
answer
Japan
question
The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with
answer
George F Kennan
question
The Truman doctrine was initially promulgated conjunction with US assistance against Soviet pressures in
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Greece and Turkey
question
The result of the Marshall plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that
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Recipient nations underwent remarkable economic recovery
question
This was not a significant feature of the national security act of 1947
answer
It abolished the joint Chiefs of staff
question
Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to
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Airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year
question
The NATO agreement of 1949 required that every member must
answer
Consider an attack on one as an attack on all
question
Following a defeat in 1949 by the Chinese communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-sheik and his nationalist followers
answer
Fled to the island of Taiwan
question
This is not an accurate example of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many fear pull occur in 1946 to 1947 following the end of World War II
answer
Military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War
question
Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the
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Fair deal
question
The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that
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Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate
question
Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley act was favorable to
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Organize labor
question
In 1948 Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on ______________, whereas Henry A Wallace and the progressives opposed Truman's ___________ policy
answer
Civil rights, confrontational cold war
question
After the election of 1948, Congress did not approve Truman's domestic policy of
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Creation of the fair employment practices commission
question
When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was
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Divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation
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What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea
answer
Chinese intervention in the conflict
question
What are the five is part of the Truman administration's loyalty program
answer
The McCarran act
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History – History Definitions – Flashcards 35 terms
35 terms
Preview
History – History Definitions – Flashcards
question
Why did Florence Owens and her children travel through California in the 1930s?
answer
plant, cultivate and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields
question
What was the Federal government's response to the 1936 crisis at the pea pickers camp in Nipomo, California?
answer
The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp
question
What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?
answer
He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of navy and as governor of New York
question
In order to win the presidential election in 1932, what did Franklin Delano Roosevelt have to do?
answer
Unite Democrats from the Northeast, South and West
question
What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?
answer
The New Deal
question
What made the election of 1932 particularly historic?
answer
Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57% of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress
question
To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?
answer
the terror caused by the depression
question
What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal?
answer
Relief, recovery and reform
question
Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933?
answer
Eleanor Roosevelt
question
What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal?
answer
Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis
question
How did he Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthen American banks?
answer
By releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets
question
Describe the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
answer
It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed
question
What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?
answer
Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio.
question
What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households?
answer
Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)
question
What was the purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps?
answer
To give young men government jobs conserving natural resources
question
What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933?
answer
The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.
question
How did the New Deal make significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America?
answer
By providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration
question
How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit Acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers?
answer
The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property
question
What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively?
answer
The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only
question
Opponents of the New Deal included
answer
business leaders and Some labor leaders
question
What event dealt the final blow to the National Recovery Administration in May 1935?
answer
The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional
question
In 1936, the Supreme Court supported agricultural processors and distributors when it ruled against the
answer
Agricultural Adjustment Act
question
Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act?
answer
Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants.
question
Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?
answer
California
question
Where did Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, place the blame for the nation's economic crisis?
answer
Communists, bankers and capitalists
question
Dr. Francis Townsend and Huey P. Long both opposed the New Deal, calling instead for what type of program?
answer
The redistribution of income through taxation
question
In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to do what?
answer
Enact major new social welfare programs
question
Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists?
answer
Works Progress Administration
question
What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934?
answer
To create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize
question
The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries?
answer
The Committee of Industrial Organization
question
In 1937, how did disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, act on their grievances?
answer
Staging a sit-down strike
question
What was the outcome of the strike at Republic Steel outside Chicago in 1937?
answer
Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them
question
How did the framers of Social Security agree to fund the program?
answer
With tax contributions from workers and employers
question
What did the Social Security Act of 1935 provide?
answer
Old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance
question
What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s?
answer
the programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17%, through the 1930s
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The Great Depression Test Questions – Flashcards 94 terms
94 terms
Preview
The Great Depression Test Questions – Flashcards
question
What did the Emergency Banking Act result from? Explain.
answer
FDR's four day "bank holiday;" when FDR took office, the nation's banking system was on brink of collapse. this holiday closed banks to give gov't the opportunity to create a plan.
question
What did the Emergency Banking Act do?
answer
gave the Secretary of Treasury the power to decide which banks could be safely reopened, released funds from Reconstruction Finance Corporation to bolster banks' assets
question
What did the Emergency Banking Act create? What did this do? What Act, specifically, created this?
answer
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, guaranteed bank customers that the federal gov't would reimburse them for deposits if the banks failed / insured deposits up to $5000; due to Glass-Steagall Act
question
What was the outcome of the Emergency Banking Act?
answer
reestablished Americans' faith in banks; after reopening, deposits exceeded withdrawals
question
What was the most popular work relief program of the New Deal?
answer
Civilian Conservation Corps
question
What did the Civilian Conservation Corps do?
answer
offered unemployed young men a chance to earn wages while working to conserve natural resources - maintaining and restoring forests, beaches, parks
question
What group was initially excluded from working in the CCC? How did this change?
answer
women until Eleanor demanded that a token number of young women be hired
question
What was the outcome of the CCC?
answer
taught men and women of America how to live independently, increasing self-esteem
question
What did the Public Works Association/Administration do? Be specific.
answer
built large-scale public works like the Grand Coulee Dam, bridges, hospitals, and schools
question
What Act created the PWA?
answer
National Industrial Recovery Act
question
What was one of the best parts of the NIRA?
answer
PWA
question
What did the Securities Exchange Commission do?
answer
required full disclosure of info on stocks being sold, regulated the stock market
question
What was the outcome of the SEC?
answer
critical for long-term success for businesses
question
What did the Agricultural Adjustment Association do? How did they try to accomplish this?
answer
tried to raise farm prices by reducing production - used proceeds from a new tax to pay farmers not to raise specific crops and animals
question
What was the outcome of the AAA?
answer
farmers killed off certain animals and crops as instructed by the federal gov't --> many were outraged b/c so many people were starving, later declared unconstitutional
question
What was the most ambitious and controversial natural resources development project?
answer
TVA
question
What did the Tennessee Valley Authority do?
answer
helped farmers and created jobs in one of America's least modernized areas, built dams along the Tennessee River
question
What was the outcome of the TVA?
answer
dams along the Tennessee River supplied impoverished rural communities with cheap electricity, controlled flooding, and provided recreational opportunities
question
What did the Wagner Act do?
answer
authorized the federal gov't to intervene in labor disputes and supervise the organization of labor unions, guaranteed industrial workers the right to unionize
question
What was the Wagner Act aka?
answer
National Labor Relations Act
question
What did the Wagner Act create, and what did this do?
answer
National Labor Relations Board to sponsor and oversee elections for union representation
question
What nickname was given to the Wagner Act?
answer
"Magna Carta for labor"
question
What was the outcome of the Wagner Act?
answer
guaranteed industrial workers the right to unionize
question
What was the single most important feature of the New Deal's emerging welfare state?
answer
Social Security Act
question
What did the Social Securities Act do? Be specific.
answer
provided: modest income to relieve the poverty of the elderly, pensions for workers, survivor benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers/children/blind/physically disabled
question
What group was initially excluded from the benefits of the Social Securities Act?
answer
domestic and agricultural workers
question
What was the outcome of the Social Security Act?
answer
helped millions of Americans feel more secure that they were taken care of in event of accident or in old age
question
Who were the Bonus Marchers?
answer
WWI veterans who gathered in D.C. to lobby for immediate payment of the pension they had been promised in 1924 that would convert to cash in 1945
question
Another name for Bonus Marchers
answer
Bonus Army
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Who finally gave the Bonus Marchers their bonus?
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Works Progress Administration
question
Who was the General involved with the Bonus Marchers?
answer
Douglas MacArthur
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What order was MacArthur given, and how did he respond to this?
answer
told to evict the Bonus Marchers from the city but not to invade their camp - disobeyed and led an attack force of five tanks with 500 armed soldiers who torched the veterans' dwellings
question
What American political term refers to the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates?
answer
New Deal coalition
question
What were the first months of Roosevelt's administration known as?
answer
"Hundred Days"
question
What did FDR do during the first months of his administration?
answer
fulfilled his promise of "direct, vigorous action" confronting "a stricken Nation in the midst of a stricken world" AND launched the New Deal
question
Who did FDR appoint as the advisor of many New Deal programs?
answer
Harry Hopkins
question
Who was served as one of FDR's most loyal confidants and was one of the most influential people in FDR's administration?
answer
Harry Hopkins
question
Hopkins was the leader of...
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration
question
Who was the first woman Cabinet member in American history? What was her position?
answer
Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor
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Where did Perkins work before she became Secretary of Labor?
answer
Jame Addams's Hull House
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What investigation was Perkins involved in?
answer
direct NY's investigation of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
question
Name of Eleanor Roosevelt's daily syndicated newspaper column
answer
My Day
question
Who was FDR's unofficial advisor?
answer
Eleanor Roosevelt
question
Explain FDR's fireside chats.
answer
spoke in a friendly, informal manner to address millions of Americans on the first New Deal initiatives, forging a direct and intimate connection
question
What was the Dust Bowl?
answer
the name given to the Great Plains region devastated by drought in 1930s depression-ridden America
question
Who were Okies?
answer
people who streamed out of the Dust Bowl of Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado where chronic drought and harmful agricultural practices blasted crops and hopes
question
Where did Okies migrate, and why?
answer
to the lush fields and orchards of California in labor camps, hoping to find work and a future
question
How was Upton Sinclair involved in gov't?
answer
ran for governor of California
question
What was Sinclair's campaign slogan for governor?
answer
"End Poverty in California"
question
Who was Charles Coughlin?
answer
Father (Catholic priest) who gave weekly radio broadcasts expressing outrage at the suffering and inequities that he blamed on Communists, bankers, and "predatory capitalists" who he claimed were mostly Jews
question
How did Coughlin feel about the New Deal?
answer
initially praised it as "Christ's deal" then turned against it when FDR refused to grant him influence
question
Coughlin founded what? What did this do?
answer
the National Union for Social Justice; challenged FDR in the 1936 presidential election and called for an expanded money supply backed by silver so that the poor could be rescued from the "international bankers responsible for the depression"
question
What was Francis Townsend's main issue with FDR, and what solution did he pose?
answer
angry that many of his retired patients lived in misery, proposed the Old Age Revolving Pension
question
What would the Old Age Revolving Pension do? What would recipients have to do to receive this?
answer
would pay citizens over age 60 a pension of $200 a month; recipients had to agree to spend it within 30 days to stimulate the economy
question
What did FDR do to halt the growth of Townsend's Old Age Revolving Pension?
answer
formed the Social Security Act
question
What did Huey Long do? Why?
answer
introduced a sweeping "soak the rich" tax bill to outlaw personal incomes of more than $1 million and inheritances of more than $5 million- b/c he championed the poor over the rich
question
What was the name of Huey Long's plan?
answer
"Share Our Wealth"
question
Coughlin created what to challenge FDR in the 1936 presidential election?
answer
National Union for Social Justice (Union Party)
question
What was the Works Progress Administration created for?
answer
to give unemployed Americans gov't-funded jobs on public work projects - putting millions of jobless citizens to work on roads, bridges, parks, public buildings, etc
question
Robert Wagner sponsored what Act?
answer
Wagner Act / National Labor Relations Act
question
What were sit-down strikes?
answer
culmination of a wave of strikes in 35 cities and 14 states - people sat down in places are part of a strike
question
Sit-down strikes became most popular after what happened?
answer
after General Motors, the world's largest industrial corporation, cut employment and wages in half
question
What did unemployment insurance to?
answer
provided modest benefits for workers who lost their jobs as a result of Social Security
question
Who was the first black woman to head a federal agency? What agency did she head?
answer
Mary McLeod Bethune, Division of Negro Affairs
question
What was the "Black Cabinet"?
answer
the nickname for men and women who composed the first sizable representation of black people in white-collar posts in the federal gov't
question
Who was John Collier? What did he do?
answer
New Deal's commissioner of Indian affairs, caused the New Deal's Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 to largely reverse policy of assimilation
question
What did the Indian Reorganization Act do, and why?
answer
1. provided little economic aid to Native Americans b/c Collier said they did not expect anything and would still be happy 2. restored right to own land communally, to have greater control over own affairs, and vote on whether they should live under the IRA
question
What was the "Popular Front"?
answer
the association of Communists and non-Communist progressives who joined together to advance the fortunes of the working class
question
What did the Popular Front result from?
answer
the Soviet Union, worried about the threat of fascism in Europe, instructed this "front" to occur
question
Who was Alfred (Alf) Landon, and what did he propose?
answer
governor of Kansas selected as Republican nominee for election of 1936, said old-fashioned neighborliness should ease the perils of illness and old age rather than gov't bureaucracies like Social Security
question
Who represented each political party in the election of 1936?
answer
Rep = Alf Landon Dem = FDR
question
Who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money?
answer
John Maynard Keynes
question
What was Keynes's view on the Great Depression? What solution did he pose?
answer
declared that the depression illustrated that a nation's economic activity could become stalled at a level far short of its true potential, said only gov't intervention could pump enough money into the economy to restore prosperity when that happened
question
What were Keynesian economics?
answer
theory developed that guided U.S. economic policy from New Deal to 1970's, said the federal gov't has a duty to stimulate and manage the economy by spending money on public works projects only gov't intervention could pump enough money into the economy to restore prosperity when that happened
question
What did the Administrative Reorganization Act do?
answer
gave FDR and future presidents new influence over the bureaucracy
question
What did FDR do to remove obstacles for New Deal reforms?
answer
court packing
question
Explain FDR's court packing.
answer
FDR added 1 new justice for each justice over the age of 70; this could allow him to pack the court with up to 6 New Dealers who could outvote the elderly, conservative justices
question
What made the federal government take an active role in providing decent urban housing for the first time?
answer
National Housing Act
question
FDR personality
answer
charismatic, self-confidence that reassured many Americans that he could handle and fix the economic crisis
question
FDR ability to benefit from experience
answer
governor of NY, populous and diverse state. VP candidate to James. M Cox, gained invaluable experience.
question
FDR ability to take advice and delegate responsibility
answer
willing to try different approaches, sought advice from academia to agriculture, appointed Harry Hopkins as advisor of New Deal programs
question
FDR ability to solve problems
answer
two New Deals, had polio but able to overcome challenges, in first Hundred Days had "bank holiday"
question
FDR ability to communicate
answer
"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself," deep and rich voice, fireside chats
question
FDR ability to select qualified subordinates
answer
Frances Perkins = Secretary of Labor Eleanor to U.N. three groups (1. supported gov't cooperation with big business, 2. distrusted big business and wanted gov't to run key parts of economy, 3. supported trust-busting)
question
qualities that made FDR a good leader
answer
1. personality 2. ability to benefit from experience 3. ability to take advice and delegate responsibility 4. ability to solve problems 5. ability to communicate 6. ability to select qualified subordinates
question
What was the Brains Trust?
answer
small group of university professors from Columbia University who advised FDR when he was governor of NY and continued to advise the new president about the problems faced by the nation and how to deal with them
question
first New Deal v. second New Deal
answer
first: improved economy; relief, recovery, reform second: more political; gov't regulation of labor, housing, and farms
question
AAA
answer
AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT- subsidies to farmers to decrease production and thus increase prices
question
TVA
answer
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY- hydroelectric power to river valley; brought social and economic development to very poor area
question
CCC
answer
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS- employed young jobless men with government projects on work relief and environment
question
FERA
answer
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION provided more funds to state and local relief efforts
question
PWA
answer
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION put people to work on large-scale public works
question
FDIC
answer
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION insured deposits < $5000, reassured American public of the worth of banks
question
SSA
answer
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT used withheld money from payrolls to provide aid to the unemployed, industrial accident victims, and young mothers; principle of government responsibility for social welfare
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US History Test 3 100 terms
100 terms
Preview
US History Test 3
question
Florence Owens and her children traveled through California in the 1930s to -escape the drought conditions in Oklahoma. -plant, cultivate, and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields. -call attention to the difficult conditions endured by the state's migrant workers. -organize the state's agricultural workers.
answer
plant, cultivate, and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields.
question
What was the Federal government's response to the 1936 crisis at the pea pickers camp in Nipomo, California? The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp. It worked to ensure that migrant workers were protected by the agricultural programs of the New Deal. It rewarded Dorothea Lange for bringing the crisis to the nation's attention. The government transported the stranded migrants to other camps in California where they could find work.
answer
The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp
question
What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932? Roosevelt had served as the Republican mayor of New York City. He had gained political experience as he worked his way through college. He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of the navy and as governor of New York. Roosevelt had been lieutenant governor and then a two-term the governor of New Jersey.
answer
He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of the navy and as governor of New York.
question
In order to win the presidential election in 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had to appeal to the wealthy for financial support. choose a city boss as his running mate. make difficult concessions to labor unions in the East and Midwest. unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and West.
answer
unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and West.
question
What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program? The New Freedom The Square Deal The Works Progress Program The New Deal
answer
New Deal
question
What made the election of 1932 particularly historic? Franklin Delano Roosevelt won with only a bare majority of the popular and electoral college votes. For the first time in American history the Socialist and Communist Party candidates made a huge showing. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress. It was the first time that a majority of African Americans cast their votes for a Democratic candidate.
answer
Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress.
question
To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, \"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself\"? Fascist aggression in Germany Nationalist expansion in Japan His paralysis from polio The terror caused by the depression
answer
The terror caused by the depression
question
What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal? Experiment, Energy, and Employment Workers' rights, unemployment relief, and civil rights Relief, recovery, and reform Coalition, compromise, and capitalism
answer
Relief, recovery, and reform
question
Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933? Frances Perkins Jane Addams Mary McLeod Bethune Eleanor Roosevelt
answer
Eleanor Roosevelt
question
What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal? Socialism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis. Overconsumption was the greatest flaw in America's capitalist economy. Government intervention in big business was bad business. Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis.
answer
Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis.
question
The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthened American banks by bringing back the gold standard. ending banks' dependence on holding companies. I nationalizing U.S. savings and loan associations. releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets.
answer
releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets.
question
Which of the following describes the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? The FDIC was one of Herbert Hoover's only effective responses to bank failures. It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed. The FDIC was an emergency measure Roosevelt passed to close the nation's banks until they were solvent again. It was a system through which the federal government would deposit money into regional banks to strengthen them.
answer
It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed.
question
What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system? Roosevelt held daily press conferences at the White House. Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio. He strong-armed Congress to pass all the bills his administration proposed. He issued unemployment checks to needy families.
answer
Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio
question
What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households? Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) Social Security Administration (SSA) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
answer
Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)
question
The purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps was to provide work for young women so that they could help their families. give young men government jobs conserving natural resources. make use of surplus food donated by farmers to pay the working poor. establish federally funded recycling programs to conserve natural resources.
answer
give young men government jobs conserving natural resources.
question
What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933? It was created to establish a successful partnership between private utilities and the federal government. The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities. It was a financial aid program that made low-interest loans available to small businesses. The TVA was an agricultural assistance program designed to help farmers recoup their losses.
answer
The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.
question
The New Deal made significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America by expanding railroad lines to make travel and trade easier for rural Americans. establishing programs to facilitate the opening of new overseas markets overseas for farmers surplus crops. initiating federal oversight to ensure that sharecroppers and tenant farmers received a fair share of government benefits. providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration.
answer
providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration.
question
How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit Acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers? The acts established programs that accelerated the rate of farm foreclosures to eradicate unproductive farms. They initiated programs to pay farmers for their surplus crops so they could be used to feed people in developing countries. The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property. They provided benefits to sharecroppers and tenant farmers who were being squeezed by their landlords.
answer
The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property.
question
What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively? Large businesses that employed more workers were excluded from the agency's charge. The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only. The code system was so complicated that neither the government nor the corporations could interpret it effectively. The government's NRA public relations campaign actually discouraged Americans from patronizing NRA businesses.
answer
The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only.
question
Opponents of the New Deal included business leaders and some labor leaders. the League of Women Voters. western farmers. workers in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
answer
some labor leaders.
question
What event dealt the final blow to the National Recovery Administration in May 1935? Business leaders withdrew their companies from the NRA. The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional. Labor leaders marched on Washington to protest the agency. Congress refused to fund the agency's budget.
answer
The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional.
question
In 1936, the Supreme Court supported agricultural processors and distributors when it ruled against the Farm Credit Bureau. Federal Emergency Relief Act. Social Security Act. Agricultural Adjustment Act.
answer
Agricultural Adjustment Act.
question
Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act? Southern farmers' loan applications weren't processed correctly. Southern states didn't participate in these New Deal programs. Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants. Tenant farmers didn't qualify for these assistance programs because they didn't own the land they farmed.
answer
Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants.
question
Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s? California Texas Michigan New England
answer
California
question
Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, placed the blame for the nation's economic crisis on Franklin Roosevelt. Communists, bankers, and capitalists. impoverished immigrants who taxed cities' resources. prohibition, which weakened the liquor industry.
answer
Communists, bankers, and capitalists.
question
Dr. Francis Townsend and Huey P. Long both opposed the New Deal, calling instead for the redistribution of income through taxation. government-sponsored health care. the redistribution of wealth through revolution. work relief for the poor and unemployed.
answer
the redistribution of income through taxation
question
In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to reduce government involvement in business. enact new programs to desegregate the South. enact major new social welfare programs. reduce government involvement in social welfare.
answer
enact major new social welfare programs.
question
Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists? Civil Works Administration Works Progress Administration National Labor Relations Board American Humanities Commission
answer
Works Progress Administration
question
The purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934, was to create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize. protect workers' right to strike by making it impossible for corporations to fire strikers. give the president the right to intervene in and mediate intractable labor disputes. raise workers' standards of living by guaranteeing a minimum wage.
answer
create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize
question
The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries? The American Federation of Labor The Committee for Industrial Organization The National Labor Union The National Association of Manufacturers Workers
answer
The Committee for Industrial Organization
question
In 1937, disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, acted on their grievances by holding the mangers of the plant hostage. destroying the plant's assembly lines. staging a sit-down strike. organizing a massive walkout.
answer
staging a sit-down strike.
question
What was the outcome of the strike at Republic Steel outside Chicago in 1937? Republic Steel made the United Steelworkers Union the sole bargaining unit for all of the company's workers. Steelworkers won the biggest wage increase ever recorded in the industry. Steelworkers' frustrations led them to tear up the railroad tracks that led to the plant. Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them.
answer
Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them.
question
The framers of Social Security agreed to fund the program through a progressive tax on workers. with tax contributions from workers and their employers. by raising income taxes on the wealthiest Americans. I through the federal government's general tax fund.
answer
with tax contributions from workers and their employers.
question
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance. national health insurance for poor adults, uninsured children, and the elderly. death and disability benefits for those who were killed or injured on the job. minimum wages, vacation benefits, and health insurance for federal government employees.
answer
old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance.
question
What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s? The New Deal reduced the average national unemployment rate to 5 percent by 1935. The New Deal created millions of jobs but had little effect on unemployment because layoffs continued throughout the decade. The programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17 percent, through the 1930s. The programs allowed the federal government to serve as the employer of last resort, thereby reducing average unemployment rates to near zero.
answer
The programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17 percent, through the 1930s.
question
Why did Roosevelt fail to push for more ambitious reforms for black Americans? Roosevelt was too busy with programs for workers and farmers. He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda. He was unmoved by African Americans' circumstances and not concerned about civil rights. Roosevelt was afraid of creating disorder in the South by disturbing the balance of power between blacks and white landowners.
answer
He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda.
question
Which of the following describes the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s? Mexican Americans found it easy to integrate into American society. They experienced substantially less discrimination in New Deal programs than did other minority groups. Mexican Americans experienced a dramatic increase in wages through employment in New Deal programs. Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children.
answer
Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children.
question
What was the outcome of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on Native Americans? The act provided economic aid and other forms of assistance to help Indians in poverty. It forced Native Americans back onto the reservations they had left after the passage of the Dawes Act in 1887. It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs. The act strengthened the federal government's policy of assimilation by dispersing concentrated populations of Indians.
answer
It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs
question
By 1935, how did many American radicals—including Communists and socialists—respond to the New Deal? Many radicals denounced it for failing to serve the interests of workers and their families. They pronounced it fascistic and called for the impeachment of President Roosevelt. Radicals dismissed it as inadequate and openly called for the overthrow of capitalism. They had begun to support the New Deal's relief programs and its encouragement of labor unions.
answer
They had begun to support the New Deal's relief programs and its encouragement of labor unions.
question
Franklin Roosevelt perceived the election of 1936 as a contest between the heirs of Alexander Hamilton and the heirs of Thomas Jefferson. the North and the South. the protectors of democracy and the supporters of fascism. the New Deal's Popular Front and the business community's Reclaim America movement.
answer
the heirs of Alexander Hamilton and the heirs of Thomas Jefferson.
question
What accounted for Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide victory in the 1936 presidential election? The apathy of most Republican voters The Republican Party's inability to disseminate its message The New Deal's extreme popularity among American voters The old age and poor health of his opponent, Alf Landon
answer
The New Deal's extreme popularity among American voters
question
President Roosevelt's plan to remove judicial obstacles to New Deal reforms in his second term of office was extremely popular with conservatives. was popularly known as court packing. was widely accepted by Congress and the American public. would allow Roosevelt to take his ideas directly to the American people.
answer
was popularly known as court packing.
question
President Roosevelt's plan for enlarging the Supreme Court became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired. faced great opposition but was ultimately successful. was ruled unconstitutional by the sitting Supreme Court justices. was ratified by Congress but not by the required number of states.
answer
became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired.
question
To change the economy in 1937, President Roosevelt made it easier for Americans to borrow money. cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending. made the difficult decision to maintain the gold standard. increased funding for relief projects to help unemployed women and their children.
answer
cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending
question
What was the outcome of President Roosevelt's fiscal decisions in 1937? Unemployment figures dropped. The country returned to normalcy. The country suffered a recession. Conservative opposition to the New Deal lessened.
answer
The country suffered a recession.
question
In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, John Maynard Keynes argued that government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption. a balanced budget is an absolute prerequisite for stopping inflation and creating long-term economic stability. the principle of laissez-faire failed in the nineteenth century but is essential to a healthy U.S. economy in the twentieth century. the theory of supply and demand can be used to revive production and increase consumption throughout the nation.
answer
government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption
question
The goal of the New Deal's Farm Security Administration, created in 1937, was to help farmers invest in the lucrative securities market. help tenant farmers become independent landowners. take the place of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. encourage crop surpluses of nonperishable grains to be stored in case of national emergency.
answer
help tenant farmers become independent landowners.
question
Which of the following statements describes the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938? It provided jobs for all able-bodied workers. It was often called the Time and Money Act. It set standards for wages and hours. It explicitly exempted women.
answer
It set standards for wages and hours.
question
What occurrence proved that opposition to the New Deal had increased by the end of 1938? • The public reacted to new social programs with apathy. • There was a nearly 60 percent turnover in President Roosevelt's cabinet. • Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate and eighty in the House in the congressional elections. • Roosevelt was unable to gain support for his plan to nationalize banking and agriculture.
answer
Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate and eighty in the House in the congressional elections
question
Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal? It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis. The New Deal ended the depression and eliminated the class hierarchy in the United States. The New Deal weakened presidential power and strengthened the military-industrial complex. It ended the depression and led directly to the United States' involvement in World War II.
answer
It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis.
question
Franklin Roosevelt modeled his own vision of international relations on the guiding principles of William McKinley. Calvin Coolidge. Theodore Roosevelt. Woodrow Wilson.
answer
Woodrow wilson
question
During the 1930s, the tide of fascism, militarism, and violent nationalism that most concerned the United States rose in Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria. Italy, Japan, and Russia. Italy, Japan, and Germany. Germany, Finland, and Austria.
answer
Italy, Japan, and Germany.
question
A reluctant isolationist, President Roosevelt believed during the 1930s that the United States should stay out of Europe's internal affairs. the United States should cease trading with Latin America. international amity was the key to ending the depression. free trade was necessary for America's domestic prosperity.
answer
free trade was necessary for America's domestic prosperity.
question
The goal of Franklin Roosevelt's good neighbor policy was to form a less belligerent, more cooperative relationship with Latin America. acknowledge that the United States had damaged Latin American economies and to repay those countries billions of dollars. buy property and raw materials from Latin American nations instead of sending in troops to take those resources. drop restrictions on immigration to the United States from Latin America.
answer
form a less belligerent, more cooperative relationship with Latin America.
question
What factors made it possible for Latin American dictators such as Anastasio Somoza and Fulgencio Batista to gain and maintain power? The federal government could not afford to mount military efforts to defeat and remove them. Somoza and Batista had private support from U.S. businessmen and tacit support from the Roosevelt administration. They received overt support from European business interests who depended on the imports of their products. They received open military support from the Roosevelt administration and the British diplomatic corps.
answer
Somoza and Batista had private support from U.S. businessmen and tacit support from the Roosevelt administration.
question
What was the conclusion of the Nye committee's 1933 report on World War I? Fascist regimes the world over had worked in league from the very beginning to undermine democracy. The greed of American munitions makers, bankers, and financiers was responsible for the nation's entry into World War I. The nations that still owed money to the United States because of World War I would probably never pay. The United States had made the wrong decision when it decided to back Allies rather than the Central Powers in World War I.
answer
The greed of American munitions makers, bankers, and financiers was responsible for the nation's entry into World War I.
question
The objective of the Neutrality Act of 1937 was to end the Great Depression in the United States and Europe. prevent increasing American involvement in European affairs. encourage the aggression of German and Japanese militarists in Europe and the Pacific. stop German and Japanese aggression in Europe and the Pacific.
answer
prevent increasing American involvement in European affairs.
question
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade of 1936 was a group of African Americans who volunteered to fight against Hitler in Germany. a coalition of newspaper editors who cooperated to denounce fascism in their publications. a group of Americans who enlisted to fight with the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalist rebels in Spain. a group of American Republicans that formed to support Franklin Roosevelt's increasing involvement in Europe.
answer
a group of Americans who enlisted to fight with the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalist rebels in Spain.
question
Which of the following occurred as a result of the Nazi-Soviet treaty of nonaggression in August 1939? Hitler's invasion of Poland The U.S. declaration of war against Germany The end of Hitler's aggression in Europe England's confirmation of the effectiveness of appeasement
answer
Hitler's invasion of Poland
question
What event sparked the beginning of World War II? Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1937 Germany's invasion of the Sudetenland in 1938 Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939
answer
Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939
question
The Maginot Line of World War II was a treacherous stretch of the Alps that separated France from Germany. a racing section of the Rhine River that was difficult to ford. a concrete fortification that separated much of France from Germany. a stand of dense forest that separated much of France from Germany.
answer
a concrete fortification that separated much of France from Germany.
question
What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940? The British victory handed Hitler his first major defeat. It ended with England's occupation by Germany. It proved that Great Britain no longer needed U.S. assistance. The battle emboldened the French to expel occupying German forces.
answer
The British victory handed Hitler his first major defeat.
question
The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 was to lend France enough money to defeat the Germans. make arms, munitions, and other supplies available to Britain. lend large sums of money to Latin American countries. give arms, munitions and supplies to Canada.
answer
make arms, munitions, and other supplies available to Britain.
question
President Roosevelt justified the proposed Lend-Lease Act in January 1941 by appealing to Americans' fiscal conservatism and pro-business ethos. with an appeal to Americans' long-held belief that the nation should avoid alliances with European powers. by citing the need to defend freedom of speech, freedom to worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear, and other ideals. by chastising Americans for the isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s and illustrating its consequences.
answer
by citing the need to defend freedom of speech, freedom to worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear, and other ideals.
question
In the Atlantic Charter in August of 1941, the United States and England agreed to declare the Atlantic Ocean off-limits to the Third Reich and its allies. suspend all shipping between the two countries and only let naval vessels foreign waters. protect the freedom of the seas, free trade, and the right of national self-determination. take over leadership of the League of Nations for the duration of the wars in Europe and Asia.
answer
protect the freedom of the seas, free trade, and the right of national self-determination.
question
In the Tripartite Pact of 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan agreed to form a defensive alliance among imperial powers. cooperate in an attack against the United States. advance the principles of democracy in Europe and Asia. establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
answer
form a defensive alliance among imperial powers.
question
The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was part of the Japanese plan to knock out a significant portion of American naval bases in the Pacific. demonstrate that the United States could not possibly win a war against an Asian nation demonstrate to the Germans that Japan had its own objectives in the Pacific. retaliate against the United States for the incarceration of Japanese citizens.
answer
knock out a significant portion of American naval bases in the Pacific.
question
What was the immediate consequence of the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? Proponents of neutrality in the United States stepped up their appeals in Congress to keep the nation out of war. Congress endorsed President Roosevelt's call for a declaration of war. Hitler and Mussolini offered to negotiate a peace on behalf of Japan. Japan's emperor issued an official apology and a pledge to stay out of American territory.
answer
Congress endorsed President Roosevelt's call for a declaration of war.
question
President Roosevelt authorized the roundup and internment of all Americans of Japanese descent in 1942 because the government had evidence that Japanese Americans were a threat to national security. a large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion. the government wanted to use strategically placed prison camps to prevent Japan from launching an air attack on the West Coast. any male members of their families had refused to register for the draft.
answer
a large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion.
question
About how many soldiers and sailors served in the U.S. armed forces by the end of World War II? 2 million 8 million 16 million 50 million
answer
16 Million
question
How many American women saw combat duty during World War II? 5 million 900,000 100,000 0
answer
question
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between American ethnic minorities and the armed forces during World War II? They were largely uninterested in serving in the armed forces. The government discouraged ethnic minorities from serving in the armed forces. They fought in large numbers in the armed forces despite discriminatory treatment. They were barred from serving in the armed forces during the first two years of the war.
answer
They fought in large numbers in the armed forces despite discriminatory treatment.
question
Which group was forced to train in segregated camps, live in segregated barracks, and serve in segregated units during World War II? African Americans Native Americans Homosexuals Chinese Americans
answer
African Americans
question
Who headed the War Production Board, which set production priorities and pushed for maximum output during World War II? Business leaders who were paid enormous amounts for their efforts Members of Roosevelt's Brains Trust Business leaders who were paid almost nothing for their efforts High-ranking military officials who knew the needs of the military best
answer
Business leaders who were paid almost nothing for their efforts
question
How did American labor unions respond to the production demands of World War II? The labor unions agreed to disband temporarily in order to focus on production. They demanded increases in overtime pay for the duration of the war. They volunteered to enlist one half of their workers in the armed forces. Labor unions granted the government's request that they pledge not to strike.
answer
Labor unions granted the government's request that they pledge not to strike.
question
Japanese admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's fundamental military strategy after the attack on Pearl Harbor was to proceed slowly and cautiously in the conflict with the United States. launch an all-out air assault on the western coast of the United States as soon as possible. quickly conquer and secure Japan's targets, before the United States could mobilize its manpower and resources. conserve Japan's limited manpower and resources by taking no prisoners of war.
answer
quickly conquer and secure Japan's targets, before the United States could mobilize its manpower and resources.
question
During the Bataan Death March of 1942, U.S. soldiers herded thousands of captured Japanese soldiers into a prison camp on Wake Island. Japanese soldiers forced U.S. and Filipino soldiers to march sixty-five miles to a concentration camp. Japanese soldiers marched one hundred miles to meet an advancing force of American soldiers. a small detachment of American soldiers marched to the coast hoping to be rescued by the U.S. Navy.
answer
Japanese soldiers forced U.S. and Filipino soldiers to march sixty-five miles to a concentration camp.
question
The naval battles in the Coral Sea and at Midway Island signaled to the American military that the Japanese force in the Pacific was almost unbeatable. the current Japanese strategy was working. the war in the Pacific was ending. Japanese domination of the Pacific was weakening.
answer
Japanese domination of the Pacific was weakening.
question
What technological development ultimately led Hitler to withdraw the infamous U-boats from the North Atlantic? B-52 bomber H-bomb Radar detector Apache helicopter
answer
Radar Detector
question
At their meeting in Casablanca in January 1943, Allied leaders Roosevelt and Churchill announced that Germany, when it lost the war, would again be forced to pay reparations. vowed that they would soon open a second front in Russia. announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of Germany and Italy. decided not to launch a significant attack anywhere in the Mediterranean region.
answer
announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of Germany and Italy.
question
What was the significance of the U.S and British landing in Sicily in July 1943? The landing was a disastrous defeat for the Allies. It was the first Allied encounter with Italian armed forces It was the start of what would become the French campaign. The landing marked the end of Mussolini's fascism.
answer
The landing marked the end of Mussolini's fascism.
question
Which of the following describes the majority of American women who entered the labor force during World War II? They were primarily single women. Most of them were married without children. Most of them were married with children. Most participating women were widowed or divorced.
answer
They were primarily single women.
question
Women who remained at home contributed to the American war effort by planting Victory Gardens of home-grown vegetables. conserving electricity and coal in order to fuel defense plants. maintaining and running Catholic and Protestant churches. providing meals for soldiers at nearby army bases.
answer
planting Victory Gardens of home-grown vegetables.
question
The Double V campaign called for both victory in the war and victory for Thomas Dewey in the presidential election of 1944. Republicans in Congress. African Americans fighting racial prejudice at home. Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the presidential election of 1944.
answer
African Americans fighting racial prejudice at home.
question
President Roosevelt responded to A. Philip Randolph's plans to organize a march of 100,000 on Washington, D.C., in 1941 by making equal rights for women his top priority. authorizing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices. promising not to seek a fifth term as president. promising to limit the number of minorities in top government positions.
answer
authorizing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices.
question
What did African Americans who migrated to take jobs in defense industries experience in their new locations? Equal employment opportunities Equal pay for equal work Widespread racial violence The nation's gratitude
answer
Widespread racial violence
question
What did Congress's elimination of the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1942 and 1943 indicate? The agencies' longtime inefficiency and lack of relevance The increasing strength of the conservative coalition A resurgence of Democratic power in the U.S. government The end of unemployment in America
answer
The increasing strength of the conservative coalition
question
What explained the reluctance of the United States to accept Jewish refugees from Nazi oppression? Anti-Semitism Overpopulation Pro-German sympathies Anti-immigrant sentiment
answer
Anti-Semitism
question
Why did the United States fail to act on reports of Hitler's genocidal atrocities? American military officials believed it was Stalin's job to address the issue. The American public and its officials believed the reports were exaggerated. Stalin threatened to withdraw from the fight against Germany if the United States addressed the issue. The United States did not believe it was fighting the war to protect human rights.
answer
The American public and its officials believed the reports were exaggerated.
question
The Allied assault against the German army on the beaches of Normandy on June 6, 1944, is commonly known as VE Day. D Day. VJ Day. DE Day.
answer
D.Day
question
As the Allies closed in on him in December 1944, Hitler ordered a desperate counterattack through Belgium known as the final solution. Blitzkrieg II. Lebensraum. the Battle of the Bulge.
answer
the Battle of the Bulge.
question
In February 1945, the Big Three met at Yalta to discuss postwar self-determination for the people of Eastern Europe. Allied support for Mao Zedong as the leader of China. strengthening the League of Nations. plans to prosecute Adolf Hitler for international war crimes.
answer
postwar self-determination for the people of Eastern Europe.
question
Who succeeded President Roosevelt in the White House after his death on April 12, 1945? Henry Wallace Harry Truman Dwight Eisenhower Richard Nixon
answer
Truman
question
How did American casualties in Europe in World War II compare to Soviet casualties? The United States had about 1 million casualties and the USSR had 3 million. The United States had 2 million casualties and the USSR had 5 million. The United States had about 250,000 casualties and the USSR had about 2.5 million. The United States had about 136,000 casualties and the USSR had 9 million.
answer
The United States had about 136,000 casualties and the USSR had 9 million.
question
What occurrence made April 30, 1945, a turning point in the war? Allied bombers leveled Hamburg. Allied bombers leveled Berlin. Adolf Hitler killed himself in his underground bunker. Adolf Hitler surrendered to the Allied military forces.
answer
Adolf Hitler killed himself in his underground bunker.
question
What was demonstrated during the six-month battle to force the withdrawal of Japanese forces from Guadalcanal in February 1943? The United States could not win a decisive military victory against Japan. It would be extremely costly and difficult to defeat Japan. The marines in the Pacific lacked coordination. The United States needed the British navy to win an all-out military campaign in the Pacific.
answer
It would be extremely costly and difficult to defeat Japan.
question
The capture of Okinawa in 1944 was especially crucial to Allied forces because the Japanese were forced to abandon a huge supply depot. they planned to make it the launching site for an attack on the Japanese mainland. it was the training center for all new Japanese kamikaze pilots. thousands of U.S. prisoners of war were being held there.
answer
they planned to make it the launching site for an attack on the Japanese mainland.
question
The primary mission of Japanese kamikaze pilots was to demonstrate the bravery of Japanese airmen at a crucial point in the war. fly supplies to Japanese battleships throughout the Pacific. defend Okinawa from U.S. troops. serve as decoys for Japanese bombers.
answer
defend Okinawa from U.S. troops.
question
Why did American scientists begin to develop a superbomb in 1942? Roosevelt was planning an attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States planned to attack the Soviet Union after the war. Japan was working on a similar weapon. They didn't want the Germans to develop one first.
answer
hey didn't want the Germans to develop one first.
question
The United States dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki only three days after the attack on Hiroshima because it wanted to kill as many Japanese civilians as possible. because the first bomb did not lead to a Japanese surrender to the United States. to demonstrate America's power to the China's communists and stop their aggression. because Nagasaki was the center of Japan's wartime military and government operations.
answer
because Nagasaki was the center of Japan's wartime military and government operations.
AP United States History
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Emergency Banking Act
Indian Reorganization Act Of 1934
Social Security Administration
White Collar Workers
AMERICAN HISTORY CHAPTER 23 51 terms
51 terms
Preview
AMERICAN HISTORY CHAPTER 23
question
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
answer
reversed the Dawes Severalty Act and promoted tribal self-government.++
question
Which of the following caused the severe recession in 1937 and 1938?
answer
Roosevelt, Congress, and the Federal Reserve cut spending and attempted to balance the budget.
question
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
answer
provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production.
question
What percentage of the U.S. labor force was unemployed by 1933?
answer
Twenty-five percent
question
Which of the following rendered the international monetary supply inflexible in the Great Depression during the 1930s?
answer
gold standard
question
Which of the following countries was the first to fall into a depression at the end of the 20\"s
answer
Germany
question
Which American ideal caused many Americans to blame themselves for their plight?
answer
The self-made man
question
Senator Huey Long from Louisiana became a major political threat to Roosevelt when he called for
answer
a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.
question
Hoover was hated during the Depression, partially because of the public
answer
was insensitive to people's suffering and was a do-nothing president
question
Which of the following American philosophies influenced Herbert Hoover's initial response to the economic downturn in the early 1930's
answer
The market is self-regulating and government should not intervene during a downturn.
question
To avert further banking panics, during which accountholders raced to withdraw funds, the new deal
answer
declared a bank holiday in 1933.
question
By the time Congress recessed in June 1933, it had
answer
halted the downward spiral of the economy.
question
Which of the following organizations did President Hoover create in 1931 to stimulate the economy through federal loans to major businesses in 1931 and 1932?
answer
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
question
In the Bonus Army incident in Washington, D.C., in 1932, federal troops
answer
forcefully evicted the assembled veterans and burned their encampment
question
Why did Roosevelt drop a provision for national health insurance from the Social Security Act in 1935?
answer
The bill's compulsory pension and unemployment were already controversial.
question
What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which Roosevelt Congress empowered in 1934?
answer
To regulate and rationalize the U.S. stock market
question
Roosevelt heeded John Maynard Keynes's advice and
answer
practiced deficit spending.
question
Which of the following was true of minorities during the New Deal?
answer
African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
question
Which tariff, passed in 1930, raised rates to an all-time high, further deepening the worldwide depression?
answer
Smoot-HawleyQuestion
question
President Roosevelt differed from President Hoover because of
answer
his personal charisma and willingness to experiment.
question
Why did New Deal legislation pass scrutiny by the Supreme Court more easily in Roosevelt's second term?
answer
Liberals replaced several elderly conservative justices who retired.
question
What was the first action Roosevelt took to address the nation's economic crisis?
answer
Closed all banks in a banking holiday
question
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
answer
provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production.
question
Which of the following was true of minorities during the New Deal?
answer
African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
question
Which of the following rendered the international monetary supply inflexible in the Great Depression during the 1930s?
answer
The gold standard
question
Which of the following countries was the first to fall into a depression at the end of the 1920s?
answer
Germany
question
Which of the following social movements grew tremendously as a result of the New Deal?
answer
Industrial unionism
question
Which of the following groups greatly benefitted from the reforms of the New Deal?
answer
The unemployed
question
In the Bonus Army incident in Washington, D.C., in 1932, federal troops
answer
forcefully evicted the assembled veterans and burned their encampment.
question
Senator Huey Long from Louisiana became a major political threat to Roosevelt when he called for
answer
a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.
question
The largest New Deal project in the West was the construction of the
answer
Grand Coulee Dam.
question
Between 1929 and 1932, U.S. gross domestic production fell by
answer
one-half.
question
Roosevelt's Democratic coalition included
answer
black northerners and white southerners.
question
Which of the following was enacted by Democrats in order to disable Francis Townsend's support? (
answer
Creation of the Social Security Administration
question
The Emergency Banking Act of 1933
answer
permitted banks with sufficient cash reserves to reopen.
question
By the 1960s, what part of Social Security had become the most controversial?
answer
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
question
Which of the following was Roosevelt's initial response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the NRA, the AAA, and other New Deal legislation were unconstitutional?
answer
Roosevelt attempted to pack the Court with his own nominees.
question
Which New Deal program offered tremendous encouragement and support to the labor union movement?
answer
National Industrial Recovery Act, especially Section 7(a)
question
What was the significance of the New Deal?
answer
The programs expanded the federal government's presence both in the economy and in people's lives
question
to avert further banking panics, during which accountholders raced to withdraw funds, the New Deal
answer
passed the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933.
question
During the 1932 presidential campaign, Franklin Roosevelt promised
answer
bold, persistent experimentation.
question
Which of the following was true of minorities during the New Deal
answer
African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
question
Who was the first woman cabinet member, who served as Secretary of Labor?
answer
Frances Perkins
question
Who were Harold Ickes and Bernard Baruch?
answer
wo of Franklin Roosevelt's chief Brains Trust advisors
question
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
answer
hired 250,000 young men to perform reforestation and conservation work.
question
By the time Congress recessed in June 1933, it had
answer
halted the downward spiral of the economy.
question
Between 1929 and 1932, U.S. gross domestic production fell by
answer
one-half.
question
Which of the following organizations did President Hoover create in 1931 to stimulate the economy through federal loans to major businesses in 1931 and 1932?
answer
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
question
On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) in the Schechter v. United States decision?
answer
The NIRA illegally regulated commerce within individu
question
Which of the following was enacted by Democrats in order to disable Francis Townsend's support?
answer
Creation of the Social Security Administration
question
The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
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granted independence to the Philippines.
