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Decision Making Development Economics Economics Goods And Services Human Capital Refers To Human Capital Theory

Econ 211 – Flashcard 39 terms

Amber Moore

39 terms

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Econ 211 – Flashcard

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Human capital refers to the

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Education, training, and skills of workers

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A nation's real GDP will increase by increasing:

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In 2011, what percent of adults in the U.S. were college graduates or higher?

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30%

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If the production possibilities curve of an economy shifts from AB to CD, it is most likely the result of what factor affecting economic growth? (AB is a curve and CD is a curve outside of it)

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A supply factor

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If 40,000 worker-hours produced a total output of $600,000 in an economy, then the labor productivity is:

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$15/worker-hour

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Economic growth can best be portrayed as a:

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The shift of labor out of agriculture to industry in the United States has tended to:

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Increase labor productivity

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Which country is ranked highest in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Ranking in 2012-13?

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Switzerland

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Supply factors in economic growth include the following, except:

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Increases in purchases of output

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Which of the following does not correctly characterize modern economic growth?

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It has not affected the average lifespan of human beings

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From 1960 to today, women's labor-force participation rate in the U.S.:

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Increased from about 40% to 60%

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The following factors tend to make the real GDP growth rate understate the growth of economic well-being,

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Which of the following factors is projected to be the dominant source of economic growth in the U.S. from now until 2020?

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Increase in labor productivity

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Labor productivity can only increase if:

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Capital increases faster than labor

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A nation's average annual real GDP growth rate is 2.5%. Based on the "rule of 70", the approximate number of years that it would take for this nation's real GDP to double is:

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28 years

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Search and wait unemployment is another way to describe:

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Frictional unemployment

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General sources of shocks that can cause business cycles include the following, except:

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Unemployment jumps and production drops

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Cost-push inflation tends to be characterized by all of the following

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Which of the following is the correct way to calculate the unemployment rate?

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[(unemployed)/(labor force)] × 100

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When oil and energy prices rise, the economy tends to experience:

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cost-push inflation

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If the Consumer Price Index was 125 in one year and 120 in the following year, then the rate of inflation is approximately:

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-4.0 percent

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The CPI compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics is used in the computations for:

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The inflation rate

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Demand-pull inflation will continue so long as

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there is excess total spending in the economy

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If the natural rate of unemployment was 6 percent, the current unemployment rate was 10 percent, and the potential GDP was $4,000 billion, then according to Okun's law the economy would have sacrificed:

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$320 billion in output not produced

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The best example of a "frictionally unemployed" worker is one who:

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Is in the process of voluntarily switching jobs

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Which of the following countries experienced deflation for several years in the period 2002-2012?

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Japan

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A recession is a decline in:

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Real GDP that lasts six months or longer

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The inflation rate measures the percentage growth rate of:

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Inflation rates in the U.S. from 2000 to 2012 were within the range of:

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0% - 4%

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Marginal propensity to consume

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on a graph??

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A lower real interest rate typically induces consumers to:

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Purchase more goods that are bought using credit

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With an MPS of 0.3, the MPC will be

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1 - 0.3

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A firm invests in a new machine that costs $2,000 a year but which is expected to produce an increase in total revenue of $2,200 a year. The current real rate of interest is 8 percent. The firm should:

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Undertake the investment because the expected rate of return of 10 percent is greater than the real rate of interest

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An MPC value of less than 1.0 indicates that as income increases:

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Consumption also increases, though not as much as income

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Which of the following factors would decrease investment demand?

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An increase in the cost of acquiring capital goods

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If disposable income increases from $912 to $927 billion and MPC = 0.6, then consumption will increase by:

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$9 billion

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Assume that an increase in a household's disposable income from $40,000 to $48,000 leads to an increase in consumption from $35,000 to $41,000, then the:

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Slope of the consumption schedule is .75

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The simple multiplier formula assumes

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An increase in disposable income:

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Increases consumption by moving upward along a given consumption schedule

STUDY

AP Human Geography Development Economics Development Geography

Ap Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocabulary Test Questions – Flashcards 100 terms

Ben Stevenson

100 terms

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Ap Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocabulary Test Questions – Flashcards

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Development

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A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

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MDC (More developed Country)

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A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development.

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LDC (Less Developed country)

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A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development.

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(HDI) Human Development Index

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Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the UN, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

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(GDP) Gross Domestic Product

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The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (Usually 1 year).

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Primary Sector

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The portion of the economy concentrated with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by fishing, mining, and forestry.

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Secondary Sector

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The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.

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Tertiary sector

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The potion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment.

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Productivity

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The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

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Value Added

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The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

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Literacy rate

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The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

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(GDI) Gender-related Development index

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Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.

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(GEM) Gender empowerment Measure

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Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

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(FDI) Foreign direct investment

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Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another company.

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Structural Adjustment Programs

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Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private companies.

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Transnational corporation

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A company that conducts its research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters are located.

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Free Trade

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International trade without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

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Fair Trade

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Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

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Resource

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A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

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Animate power

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Power supplied by people or animals.

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Inanimate power

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Power supplied by machines.

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Biomass Fuel

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Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.

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Fossil Fuel

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Energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago.

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Renewable energy

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A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.

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Nonrenewable energy

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A resource that has a finite supply and can be depleted.

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Proven Reserve

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The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits.

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Potential Reserve

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The amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.

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Fission

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The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.

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Radioactive waste

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Materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation; contact with such particles may be harmful or lethal to people; therefore, the materials must be stored safely for thousands of years.

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Breeder Reaction

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A nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from Plutonium.

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Ferrous

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Metals, including iron, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel.

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Nonferrous

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Metals utilized to make products other than iron or steel.

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Pollution

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Addition of more waste than a resource can accommodate.

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Air Pollution

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Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs average air.

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Greenhouse effect

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Anticipated increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface.

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Ozone

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A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone between 15-50 km (9-30 mi) above earth' Surface.

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(CFC) Chlorofluorocarbon

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A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.

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Acid Deposition

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Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere - where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid - and return to earth's surface.

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Acid Precipitation

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Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog.

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Photochemical Smog

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An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor chemical emissions.

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(BOD) Biochemical Oxygen Demand

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Amount of Oxygen required by aquatic Bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.

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Sanitary Landfill

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A place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gasses and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires and to discourage vermin.

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Passive solar Energy systems

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Solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices.

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Active Solar Energy Systems

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Solar energy systems that collect energy through the use of physical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat plate collectors.

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Photovoltaic cell

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Solar energy cells, usually made from silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity.

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Hydroelectric power

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Power generated from moving water.

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Geothermal Energy

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Energy from steam or hot eater produced from hot or molten underground rocks

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Fusion

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Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium

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Recycling

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The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material.

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Conservation

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The sustainable use and management of a natural resource through consuming it a less rapid rate than it can be replaced.

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Preservation

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Maintenance of a resource in its present condition with as little human impact as possible.

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Sustainable Development

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The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a a comparable level of development.

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Biodiversity

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The number of species within a specific habitat.

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Electoral College

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A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher portion of the votes within a state receives all the electoral votes from that state.

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Electoral vote

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The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state.

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Federalism

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A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within the central government.

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Popular vote

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The tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area.

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Reapportionment

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The process of reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories.

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Redistricting

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The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.

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Gerrymandering

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The designation of voting district so as to favor of particular party or candidate.

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States' rights

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Rights and powers believed to be held by states rather than the federal government.

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Ancillary activities

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Economic activities that surround and support large scale industries, such as shipping and food service.

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Quaternary sector

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Economic activities concerned with research, information gathering, and administration.

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Quinary sector

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The most advanced form of Quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or a high-level scientific research.

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World systems theory

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Theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery and semi periphery in terms of economic and political connections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up to the present.

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Core periphery model

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A model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region.

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Core

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National or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology is concentrated.

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Semi periphery

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Those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living; countries offer their citizens relatively diverse economic opportunities, but also have extreme gaps between poor and rich.

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Periphery

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Countries that usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita income, and generally low standards of living.

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Rostow's stages of development

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And model of economic development that describes the country's progression, which occurs in 5 stages, transforming turn from LDC to MDC.

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Gross national product

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The total value of goods and services including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period. 1 year.

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Net national product

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A measure of all goods and services produced in a country in a year, including production from foreign investments, minus the loss or degradation of natural resources.

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Industrial Revolution

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The rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factory system to the textile industry in England at the end of the 1700s.

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Industrialization

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The process of industrial development and which countries evolve economically from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass production. The highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information.

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Post industrial economy

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An economy that de-emphasizes industry, preferring services instead.

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Sustainable development

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The idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same.

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Anthropocentric

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Human centered; in sustainable development, this refers to ideas that focus solely on the needs of people without considering the creatures with whom we share the planet are the ecosystems upon which we depend.

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Agglomeration

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Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

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Backwash effect

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The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region.

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Brick-and-mortar business

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Traditional businesses with actual stores in which trade or retail sales occur; it does not solely exist on the internet.

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Conglomerate corporation

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A firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve different functions.

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Deglomeration

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The dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration.

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Deindustrialization

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Loss of industrial activity in a region

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E-commerce

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Web based economic activities

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Economic backwaters

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Regions that fail to gain from national economic development

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Export Processing Zone

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Areas where governments create a favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries.

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Footloose firms

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Manufacturing activities in which the cost of transporting the raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm

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Fordism

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System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford

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Foreign investment

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Overseas business investments made by private companies

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Gender equity

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A measure of opportunities given to women compared to men within a country

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Industrialized countries

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Countries at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century. Include USA, Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan.

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Least cost theory

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A concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment and relation to the cost of transport and labor and the relative advantages of agglomeration and deglomeration.

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Manufacturing region

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A region in which manufacturing activities are clustered together

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Maquiladoras

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Name for factories and for companies that have factories just outside the United States (most in northern Mexico) in areas that have been specifically designated by the Mexican government. In such areas, factories cheaply assemble goods for export back to the USA.

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Offshore financial center

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Areas that have been specially designed to promote business transactions and thus have become centers for banking and finance

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Purchasing power parity

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Monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries.

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Regionalization

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Process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country. In economic geography, regionalization involves the development of dominant economic activities in particular regions

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Spatially fixed costs

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An input cost in manufacturing that remains constant wherever production is located

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Spatially variable costs

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An input cost in manufacturing that changes significantly from place to place and in its total amount and in its relative share of total costs.

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World cities

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A group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce. ( I. E. New York, Tokyo, London, Hong Kong)

STUDY

AP Human Geography Development Economics Development Geography

AP Human Geography Chapter 9: Development – Flashcards 16 terms

Robert May

16 terms

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AP Human Geography Chapter 9: Development – Flashcards

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What is the definition of Development?

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The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology

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What are the two categories that countries fall into regarding development?

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MDCs - More developed countries LDCs - Less developed countries

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How is a country's level of development determined?

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By The Human Development Index (HDI)

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What are the four factors in the Human Development Index?

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Economic: (1) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Social: (2) literacy (3) amount of education Demographic: (4) life expectancy

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What is the range of possible HDIs? What is the country with the highest HDI as of 2009? Lowest?

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Ranges from 0 to 1. The highest possible HDI is 1.00 (100%). Norway holds the highest HDI with 0.971. Niger holds the lowest HDI with 0.340.

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Where are the countries with high HDIs primarily located? Latitude Line? What are the exceptions?

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Primarily above 30 degrees N latitude. Exception: Austrailia

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What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

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GDP is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country. It is the main economic indicator of development.

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How do you calculate GDP per capita?

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GDP divided by population

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What is the average GDP per capita in MDCs vs LDCs?

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GDP per capita in MDCs exceeded $30,000. GDP per capita in LDCs was less than $3,000.

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Why is GDP not a very good indicator of the distribution of wealth in a country?

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It is only an average.

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GDP per capita is _____ between MDCs and LDCs. What does this mean?

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Widening. This means MDCs are getting richer while LDCs are getting poorer overall.

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In addition to GDP, what are three other indicators useful in determining if a country is an LDC or MDC?

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Types of jobs, Productivity, and Consumer goods

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What are the 3 sectors in the Types of Jobs category, and what types of jobs do these sectors include?

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Primary sector - workers extract materials from the Earth, agriculture, mining Secondary sector - manufacturing, processing raw materials into a product Tertiary sector - provision of goods or services for payment, retail, banking, law, education, government

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How is productivity measured?

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Measured by the value added per capita - which is the gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

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What are consumer goods in MDCs vs LDCs?

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In LDCs, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are familiar to many people but owned by relatively few. In MDCs, these items are owned by almost all people.

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What are the 2 Social Indicators of Development?

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Education and Literacy & Health and Welfare

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Development Economics Economics International Economics

Economics DBQ – Flashcards 9 terms

Edwin Holland

9 terms

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Economics DBQ – Flashcards

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Free Trade

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Free trade is defined as international trade (which involves the exchange of goods and services between two countries) that takes place without any barriers such as tariffs, quotas, or subsidies.

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Sustainable Development

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Sustainable development is defined as the development needed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Tariff

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A tariff is a duty (tax) that is placed upon imports to protect domestic industries from foreign competition and to raise revenue for the government.

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FDA

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A Free Trade Agreement (FDA) is an agreement made between countries where the countries agree to trade freely among themselves but are able to trade with countries outside the FDA in whatever way they want.

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Economic Growth

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Economic growth is defined as the growth of real output in an economy over time. It is usually measured as growth in real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP).

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Economic Development

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Economic development is a broad concept involving improvements in standards of living, reduction in poverty, and improved health and education.

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Comparative Advantage

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Comparative advantage is where a country is able to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost of resources than another country.

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Protectionism

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The theory of practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by using barriers such as tariffs, quotas, or subsidies.

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Dumping

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Dumping, the selling by a country of large quantities of a commodity, at a price lower than its production cost, in another country, is another possible argument to refuse an FDA.

STUDY

A Level Economics Development Economics Economics IB Economics International Economics Voluntary Export Restraints

IB HL Economics – Paper 2 defintions: International Trade and Development Economics 58 terms

Patsy Brent

58 terms

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IB HL Economics – Paper 2 defintions: International Trade and Development Economics

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Resource allocation

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is concerned with how resources (land, labor, capital and entrepeneurship) are distributed in an economy.

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Free trade

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free trade exists where there is trade (exporting and importing) between different countries, without government intervention/regulation.

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World Trade Organisation

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an international body that encourages the reduction of trade barriers between its member nations

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Protectionism

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government intervention in order to restrict trade between countries

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Quota

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import barriers that set limits on the quantity (or value) of imports that may be imported into a country

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Types of protectionist measures

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-tariff -quota -subsidy -administrative barrier -environmental -health or safety regulations -government procurement policies -voluntary export restraints

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Administrative barries

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Include: Bureaucratic barriers (customs check for health & safety and packaging requirements) Product standards (for health, safety, environmental and quality) Qualifications (to legally give work - profession)

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Dumping

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the selling of a good in another country at a price below its cost of production.

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Anti-dumping

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is government legislation [= the imposition of tariff] against the selling of imported goods at a price below their production costs

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Inward-oriented policies

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policies designed to encourage the domestic production of goods, rather than importing them (strategy encouraging protectionism)

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Import substitution

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a strategy/policy/measure to deliberately reduce imports (for example through protectionism to encourage/create a domestic industry)

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Trade cycle

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a cycle/pattern in economic activity over a period of time. (A diagram showing slump, recovery, boom and recession would be sufficient for full marks - so it's basically the business cycle!!!)

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Exchange rate

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the value (price) of one currency expressed in terms of another

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Floating exchange rate

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is where the exchange rate (i.e. price of one currency in terms of another) changes according to the market forces of demand and supply.

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Fixed exchange rate

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an exchange rate that is held to a narrow band of possible prices through government intervention

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Managed exchange rates (managed float)

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a system where the exchange rate is determined by market forces, but the government/Central Bank intervenes from time to time in order to keep it within a certain \"band\" (= range).

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(Official) foreign (currency) reserves

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reserves of foreign currencies (non domestic currency that is saved/deposited for future use) held by the central bank or the government of a country

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Currency appreciation

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when the value of the currency is increasing, expressed in terms of another currency (in a floating exchange rate system)

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Currency depreciation

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when the value of the currency is decreasing, expressed in terms of another currency (in a floating exchange rate system)

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Current account

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a measure of a country's trade in goods and services with the rest of the world

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Components of the current account of the balance of payments (know all 4)

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-balance of trade in goods -balance of trade in services -(investment or factor) income (interest, dividends, profit) -(current or net) transfers

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Current account balance

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the difference between the revenues earned from exports of goods and services and the expenditure on the imports of goods and services

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Current account surplus

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is where revenues from the exports of goods and services plus net income flows are greater than the spending on the imports of goods and services.

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Current account deficit

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is where the value of total imports of goods and services plus net income flows are greater than the value of total exports of goods and services

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Trading bloc

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an agreement between governments of two or more nations where regional barriers to trade (tariffs, quotas and bureaucratic barriers) are reduced or eliminated between the participating states

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Preferential trade agreement

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a type of economic integration that removes (or reduces) trade barriers for certain products to countries that are in the agreement

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Free trade area

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is an agreement whereby there is free trade among member countries, but each member can maintain its own trade barriers in trade with non-member countries

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Customs union

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the attempt of having tariff-free trade between two or more countries, which also settle on common tariff rates on imports from non-member nations

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Common market

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is like a customs union, but in addition, the 4 factors of production are able to flow freely between member nations

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Economic/monetary union

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a common market with a common currency (which is regulated by a common central bank)

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Economic development

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is a broader concept than economic growth involving welfare improvements to the standard of living including health, education and shelter, or any other appropriate indicators

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Economic Growth

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is the growth of real output in an economy over time and it is measured by an increase in real GDP.

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Developing countries (what they are characterised by)

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Countries which generally have: • low per capita income • high rates of poverty • low standard of living • low HDI ranking/value

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The World Bank

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an organisation whose main aims are to provide aid and advice to developing countries

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Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

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companies that have productive units in more than one country.

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Poverty cycle/trap

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a cycle that involves low incomes which lead to low savings and low investment which ensure low incomes in the future (as this means low capital and low productivity)

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Infrastructure

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involves essential facilities and services such as roads, airports, sewage treatment, railways, telecommunications and other utilities typically provided by the government.

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Foreign direct investment

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a long-term investment (the establishment of production units) by multinational companies in a foreign country.

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Investment

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is expenditure by firms on capital equipment and is an injection into the economy.

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Official aid (or official development assistance)

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aid that is provided to a country by another government (it may be multilateral or bilateral)

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Development aid

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the name for long-term and short-term loans, grants, technical assistance, etc. given to a country for the purpose of increasing the living standards of that country

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Types of development aid (know at least 3)

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-grants -concessional long-term loans -project aid -programme aid -debt cancellation -technical assistance -humanitarian aid -multilateral aid -bilateral aid

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Bilateral aid

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aid that is given directly from one country to another

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Multilateral aid

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money that is given by countries to international (or multilateral) institutions which are distributed to countries

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Transfer payments (2 different definitions)

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a payment received (from the government) for which no good or service is exchanged (for the purpose of redistributing income) OR a form of aid where money is transferred from one country to another

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Corruption

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the abuse of public office for private gain

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Sustainable development

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the development needed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Indebtedness

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the amount of money that a country owes to other countries and/or international institutions.

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Micro-credit

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a loan which allows poor people to set up a small scale business (and contributes to the empowerment of women)

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Official aid

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is provided to a country by another government or governmental organisation such as UN or EU.

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Tied aid

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is granted on the condition that it is used to buy goods or services from the donor country.

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Gini Coefficient

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a measure of inequality in the distribution of income.

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Informal markets

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refer to markets in which economic activity is not officially measured/ recorded.

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NGOs

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non-government organisations that exist to: promote sustainable economic development and/or humanitarian ideals.

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Absolute poverty

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the condition experienced by people in a country whose incomes are too low (below a certain level/the poverty line) to be able to afford even the most basic necessities for a healthy and safe existence (earning less than 1.25$ per day - moderate poverty is below 2%)

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Relative poverty

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the condition experience by people in a country whose incomes are considerably lower than the higher income group in the same country

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Capital widening

answer

extension of capital goods to a larger segment of workers

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Capital deepening

answer

the increase of capital per worker (each worker has more capital)

STUDY

AP Human Geography Development Economics Development Geography International Marketing Marketing Product Development Process Structural Adjustment Programs

CH. 2 Questions APES – Flashcards 80 terms

Pedro Huang

80 terms

Preview

CH. 2 Questions APES – Flashcards

question

In many countries, the policy life cycle will be in

answer

a different stage for different problems, which is related to the stage of economic development of a country

question

In general, careful and detailed economic studies indicate that environmental protection helps the environment

answer

and does not hurt the economy or cost a net loss of jobs.

question

What would comprehensive environmental accounting add to the calculation of GDP?

answer

the depreciation of natural capital and reductions in ecosystem services

question

In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. Today, DDT is no longer used in the United States because it is banned by law. At this point, the issue has reached the

answer

control stage because of a command and control strategy.

question

The best hope for the future global economy and environmental policy depends upon

answer

sustainability

question

Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus

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nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels.

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Environmental policies

answer

may be cost-neutral or may come at a monetary cost.

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The modern U.S. environmental movement began as a

answer

broad bipartisan effort but has fractured into a very contentious partisan debate with intense lobbying.

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In general, problems caused by economic activities are

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addressed by laws and public policies.

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Large stocks of fish in the great lakes represent

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renewable natural capital.

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If current energy consumption trends continue and the per capita income of the world increased dramatically, we would expect that

answer

global climate change will be a greater problem.

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The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about

answer

farm subsidies and trade barriers.

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Rising per capita income is associated with

answer

cleaner air and safer water.

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The benefit to cost ratio of replacing chlorofluorocarbons in new cars turned out to be

answer

higher than predicted.

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Environmental public policy is intended to

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improve human welfare and protect the natural world.

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In a free-market society,

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the needs of the poor are often not met by business interests but by government programs.

question

As of 2012, it is clear that public opinion

answer

trusts the EPA much more than Congress to oversee the national environment.

question

Which of the following represents intangible capital?

answer

the library of the Smithsonian Institution

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Costs of pollution control tend to

answer

decrease over time because of initial investments in reductions and new technologies.

question

We would expect that in a community with mounting air and water pollution problems, the

answer

economy of the region would decline.

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What do the GDP and the World Bank both fail to include in their measures of wealth?

answer

natural services provided by ecosystems

question

From 2001 to 2009, the Bush administration

answer

developed an energy policy that favored heavy exploitation of fossil fuels.

question

Unlike high-income countries, low-income countries rely most on their

answer

natural capital.

question

Which one of the following would likely result from the imposition of green fees?

answer

Our economy would move toward sustainability.

question

Which part of the government is responsible for passing public-policy laws?

answer

legislative branch

question

Because of rising environmental and social costs of economic activity, the

answer

gap between the GDP and GPI has increased.

question

Which of the following is true about U.S. pollution levels?

answer

the average levels of lead in the blood of children have declined by 80%.

question

The ecological economic paradigm places the greatest emphasis on the

answer

essential functions of the natural environment.

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In the classical view of economic activity in this figure, we expect businesses to prosper when

answer

labor costs are low and household incomes rise.

question

Environmental government policies and regulations are applied at the

answer

local, state, and federal levels.

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From a global sustainability perspective, economic production

answer

is the process of converting the natural world to the manufactured world.

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**PICTURE NOT INCLUDED** In this figure, what level of pollution reduction comes at the highest cost?

answer

from 80-100% pollution reduction

question

Which one of the following reduces net GDP?

answer

degradation of farm equipment

question

Economic growth in China has led to extensive air and water pollution because of

answer

inadequately enforced environmental protection policies.

question

The "rule of law index" is a measure of

answer

justice and the structure of social systems in a society.

question

A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels, costing the company $2 million in additional equipment (which will last at least 10 years) and $100,000 a year in additional labor. Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years. Over this 10-year period, the benefit to cost ratio is

answer

4 to 3.

question

In the classical view of economic activity, households

answer

consume goods and services.

question

A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels, costing the company $2 million in additional equipment (which will last at least 10 years) and $100,000 a year in additional labor. Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years. Without the additional equipment and labor, the unregulated pollution is expected to cause about $4 million in health care costs. This pollution from the smokestacks is an example of

answer

an external bad cost.

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Shadow pricing is used to estimate the

answer

value of an endangered species of plant.

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As a percentage of GDP, the cost of environmental protection is, according to EPA estimates

answer

less than either the cost of defense or health care in the United States.

question

Examine the trends in the GDP and GPI. The GPI has remained fairly level because of

answer

the rising environmental and social costs of economic activity.

question

The Obama administration

answer

now encourages the development of renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions.

question

Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the GNP of a coal mine?

answer

the depletion of coal from the mine

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In the years 2001-2010, the benefit to cost ratio

answer

usually had more benefits than costs.

question

The recent rise of the Chinese economy is associated with

answer

a switch to free-market policies.

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The concept of sustainability requires that

answer

economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital.

question

In comparing green to brown economies,

answer

green economies will embrace technologies that reduce pollutants and increase efficiency.

question

Which is an example of produced capital?

answer

stocks and bonds

question

Today, environmental regulations in the United States

answer

require substantial scientific support and strong political efforts.

question

Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from

answer

growth to the well-being of humans.

question

Which of the following most accurately indicates the recent changes that have occurred in China? As the Chinese economy has grown,

answer

industrial pollution and literacy rates have increased while poverty rates and public health have declined.

question

In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. Given the eventual response to ban DDT, the late 1960s most likely represented which stage of the policy life cycle?

answer

formulation

question

The World Bank (initially) and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of

answer

ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes, climate regulation, and oxygen production.

question

One way to participate in the development of environmental policies is to become a member of an NGO. What is an NGO?

answer

NGO stands for nongovernmental organization.

question

According to 2011 World Bank studies, which of the following is an example of the dominant form of wealth for most countries?

answer

the intangible wealth of education and educational systems

question

The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way that

answer

each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as something that encompasses the economy (ecological).

question

Centrally planned and free-market economies both

answer

represent ideals not found in pure form in any country.

question

In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. The preparation and publication of the book Silent Spring represented which stage of the policy life cycle?

answer

recognition

question

Discount rates calculate the

answer

current value of a future benefit or cost.

question

Equity in the distribution of resources is promoted by growth in

answer

human resources and produced capital.

question

Which of the following best illustrates an intergenerational consideration?

answer

reducing the harvest of blue fin tuna to sustainable levels

question

*** PICTURE NOT INCLUDED*** As indicated in this figure, the most expensive period of pollution control is from years

answer

0-5 while the least expensive is in years 20-25.

question

In general, centrally planned economies are run to promote the

answer

interests of society, while free-market economies depend on the self-interests of individuals.

question

How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

answer

The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

question

People who are well aware of the damaging effects of mercury might insist that all fish that they eat is free from mercury. They may be alarmed, for instance, if mercury levels remain at very low levels, far below that known to cause harm. Insisting that mercury be completely eliminated from fish

answer

is not cost effective for the health benefits of complete elimination.

question

The World Trade Organization

answer

has steadily lost the power to regulate international trade.

question

The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy because the environment is essential to provide

answer

vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.

question

Environmental public policy

answer

transfers wealth from polluters to pollution controllers and to less polluting companies.

question

Which of the following is least associated with economics?

answer

Studying the sky, a child looks for faces in the clouds. WRONG ANSWERS: - An artist sells her paintings in an art gallery. - A miner pans for gold in the mountains of California. - A waitress carefully wipes down tables before heading home from a long day.

question

Which of the following represents a market approach to environmental policy?

answer

using a cap-and-trade system to control the levels of carbon dioxide released into the air

question

In response to environmental problems, the Chinese government has

answer

increasingly relied upon local, non-governmental groups to monitor and respond.

question

Sustainable development and the protection of public health require

answer

public policies that protect the environment.

question

The GDP and the GPI both include calculations of the

answer

income from the sale of natural products.

question

Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?

answer

coal and oil reserves

question

Millions of human lives could be saved if we developed environmental policies that

answer

prevent the degradation of the environment and encouraged sustainable use.

question

From an ecological economist's perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow,

answer

the natural world is depleted.

question

The elimination of leaded gasoline resulted in

answer

a benefit to cost ratio of at least 10 to 1.

question

Command and control approaches to environmental public policy

answer

increase the likelihood of continued low levels of pollution, not the elimination of pollution.

question

**PICTURE NOT INCLUDED** In this figure, which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process?

answer

the recycling of materials generated by human consumption

question

Teaching people to use forests in a sustainable way to produce lawn furniture represents

answer

human capital affecting renewable resources, generating produced capital.

STUDY

East And Southeast Asia Political Economy Political Science Structural Adjustment Programs

Global Issues 2 – Flashcards 87 terms

Deloris Connelly

87 terms

Preview

Global Issues 2 – Flashcards

question

Colonies (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) Saw little impact on local political governance from colonizers, despite the economic changes B) Were often restructured by the dominant country to produce one particular crop or mineral resource C) Saw the introduction of key European ideas, such as nationalism, individualism, and justice D) Were generally drained of commodities, human capital, and/or money

answer

BCD

question

European colonial economic policies can be described as: A) Classic Liberal B) Neo-Liberal C) Mercantilist D) Socialist

answer

question

During the Cold War: A) Democratization increased across the globe as developing countries almost unanimously shifted to the U.S. model B) Poorer countries saw dramatic improvements in their standards of living because of the Basel Convention on Banking C) The IMF and World Bank directly ran many LDC economies as the states had no qualified personnel D) Superpower competition between the US and USSR led to proxy wars in many developing countries, helping bring real economic development to a standstill

answer

question

The liberal world economic order sought by the United States and other Western countries after WWII was based on: A) Open Markets, freer trade, and free flowing capital B) Mercantilist policies based on the ideas of Franklin Roosevelt C) Socialism, so as to provide for the general welfare of people equally D) Heightened protectionism to stabilize the international economic system

answer

question

The decision to help Europe and Japan rebuild, such as with the Marshall Plan in Europe, showed that: A) The U.S. needed rebounding markets for trade and investment B) The IMF had failed as an international institution C) Developing countries (LDCs) had moved to the top of the international agenda D) The U.S. had weak industrial capacity and needed new ideas and inventions

answer

question

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the precursor to the: A) European Union (EU) B) World Trade Organization (WTO) C) International Monetary Fund (IMF) D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

answer

question

In a socialist system: A) Capitalism is found only in import substituting zones or urban areas B) The state owns and controls key means of production C) Countries try to become dependent on a few products D) Governments regulate through low tariffs, but often keep floating exchange rates

answer

question

The World Bank and the IMF are part of what post-World War II system? A) Basel Convention on Banking (BCB) B) Global Insurance system C) WTO alliance D) Bretton Woods system

answer

question

The primary role of IMF loans is to: A) Lessen World Bank influence in developing countries B) Help stabilize a country's economy when the country has severe budgetary imbalances C) Provide loans for democratization in developed countries D) Assist countries pursuing import substitution industrialization through high tariff promotion

answer

question

The World Bank is considered which type of actor? A) Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) B) International Advocacy Group (IAG) C) More-Developed Country (MDC) D) International Governmental Organization (IGO)

answer

question

What is the definition of "Aggregate GDP"? Note, definitions are found on the Maps, Country Profile, and Rank by Variable tabs by clicking on a variable name. A) "The total value (at official exchange rates) of all manufactured goods produced within a country in a year" B) "The annual rate of change in nominal gross domestic product" C) "The nominal value (at official exchange rates) of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year" D) "A country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, dividends, and transfer payments"

answer

question

Floating exchange rates, which much of the world shifted to after 1971, differ from fixed exchange rates in that with floating exchange rates: A) The U.S. dollar or the European euro must be used in the transaction B) The currency only shifts upon World Bank mandates, called "floats" C) The government decides the value of the currency D) The market determines the price of the currency

answer

question

The idea of comparative advantage is that: A) States should specialize in producing the goods which they produce best and trade for goods that other states produce best B) The U.S. has more advantages because of its global regulatory power and it should exploit them by enforcing nationalist policies C) Countries should impose advantages in certain areas through protectionist policies D) Trade always has winners and losers, so countries should pursue mercantilist, closed market strategies to gain a comparative advantage

answer

question

LDCs have often been unable to take advantage of their "comparative advantages" in agricultural production because (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) MDCs protect their own agricultural production from cheaper imports from LDCs B) IMF conditionality led to a loss of their comparative advantage C) Corrupt leaders in LDCs have stolen profits and/or siphoned off outside loans meant to strengthen comparative advantages D) The IMF and World Bank strongly discourage them from taking benefit of these comparative advantages, pushing them instead to industrialize through protected industries

answer

question

The removal or reduction of tariffs or quotas on the trading of specific goods to stimulate freer trade is known as? A) Mercantilism B) Socialism C) Fiscal stimulus D) Trade liberalization

answer

question

Classic liberal trade theory holds the view that: A) Governments should continually protect their infant industries with trade barriers so that they can become competitive in the international arena B) Too much dependence on trade should be discouraged because it leads to dependence on foreign economies and governments and therefore a loss of sovereignty C) Free trade without governmental interference will eventually benefit all economies in the international system by ensuring efficiency in the production and distribution of goods and services D) Governments should not hesitate to intervene in controlling international trade if it is necessary to protect domestic jobs and industries

answer

question

Advocates of the Washington Consensus argued that: A) Colonialism meant the LDCs need to protect their economy from Western influences B) Europe had the responsibility to give assistance to the poorer countries since it was primarily Europeans that had undermined their economies C) Opening economies to free trade, cutting back state budgets (fiscal responsibility), and privatizing state- owned enterprises is the best strategy for the developing world D) The World Bank should offer vast loans to developing countries in reparation for colonial exploitation

answer

question

IMF Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) have called for: A) Mercantilist oriented regulation in developing economies because of high poverty rates B) Trade protectionism to shield infant industries C) Large stimulus packages and increased government spending D) Privatization (sale to private owners) of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

answer

question

As noted in the introduction to this lesson, "contemporary liberalism" (often associate economically with the ideas of John Maynard Keynes): A) Is tied to the idea that classical liberalism is volatile and prone to recessions and depressions, so states should try to manage capitalism and maintain "aggregate demand" B) Is the same as the "Neo-Liberalism" promoted by Ronald Reagan C) Is focused on the use of significantly less government spending to stimulate aggregate supply, with states privatizing key industries D) Is the main point of socialism as outlined by Marx

answer

question

Through _________________, the IMF and World Bank set a series of often stiff requirements when establishing an agreement with a borrowing country, pressing such steps as trade liberalization, fiscal responsibility, and privatization. A) The GATT B) Structural Adjustment Programs C) Declining Terms of Trade Agreements D) Foreign aid

answer

question

In the PBS video, it is noted that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) People in expensive cars are more likely not to stop at pedestrian crosswalks B) Neo-liberalism has exacerbated global inequality C) People feel entitled even when games like Monopoly are obviously rigged in their favor D) More affluent people are more likely to take candy that they know has been left for a child

answer

ACD

question

Since the 1980s, middle class families have primarily maintained consumption by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) Consuming higher quality goods B) Having more two income families (with more women entering the workforce) C) Engaging more readily in the political process to offset the power of wealthy families D) Increasing their debts

answer

question

The number of businesses registered to lobby in Washington has: A) Coincided with the increase in business regulation and rise in taxes on the wealthy B) Declined with the rise in the Washington Consensus C) Gone hand in hand with significantly increased regulation protecting labor organizing D) Coincided with intensified gerrymandering that protects incumbents

answer

question

The work of Thomas Picketty documents that, with the exception of the mid-20th century: A) The sub-prime mortgage crisis could have been avoided with less regulation of financial institutions B) Increased college enrollment brings down public sector debts and, hence, taxes C) Income from capital (wealth, ownership, inheritance, etc.) nearly always exceeds income from wages, increasing inequality D) Lower taxes for the wealthy and cuts in public spending leads to economic growth, lessening inequality

answer

question

In response to the criticism that their work was undertaken at the "famously liberal" University of California Berkeley, the researchers point out: A) They hope to run more studies in the future at other more conservative universities B) That they understand researchers at conservative universities get different results C) They expected to find the results they got and it proves they are right D) They have run 30 different studies across thousands of people all over the United States, and the results are the same for liberals and conservatives alike

answer

question

What policy changes under Franklin Roosevelt contributed to declining poverty and inequality in the United States? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) The establishment of Social Security and Medicare B) Progressive income taxes, taxing the wealthy at higher percentages than the poor C) Effective deregulation which significantly slowed private investment D) Cuts in government spending to free capital for private investment

answer

question

In the game of monopoly seen on the video: A) Those who have the game rigged against them become markedly less generous because they are anxious B) Those that have the game rigged in their favor are less generous and somewhat ruder C) Those with the old shoe win more often because they feel more generous D) Those that have the game rigged in their favor become more generous

answer

question

As noted in the video, repeated studies have indicated that more generous people (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) Live longer B) Live primarily in the U.S. northeast and California C) Understand that "generosity is for suckers," but give anyway to feel fulfilled D) Feel more fulfilled

answer

question

In the United States: A) Wealth is roughly evenly distributed by quintile, though the top 20% still has twice the bottom 20% B) The top 1% has 23% of the income, up from 9% in the mid-1970s, and similar to the level during the Great Depression C) Inequality has decreased dramatically since the 1960s, but remains well above the levels at the time of the Great Depression D) The top .01% has 75% of the wealth, and the bottom 77% has virtually no wealth (.001%)

answer

question

The "animal spirits" are: A) Confidence and optimism in the economy, which sparks economic growth B) Predatory capitalists which cause recessions and depressions C) The "sticky wages" that perpetuate depressions D) Politicians' abilities to maintain "aggregate demand"

answer

question

What international organization did John Maynard Keynes help create in the aftermath of the Great Depression: A) The Group of 20 (G-20) B) NATO C) The U.S. Federal Reserve D) The IMF

answer

question

The stimulus spending during the "Great Recession" in the United States was based on the ideas of: A) John Maynard Keynes B) Ronald Reagan C) Adam Smith D) Karl Marx

answer

question

Keynes biographer (Robert Skidelsky) sums up Keynes with three ideas, including (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A) Large scale unemployment can develop in volatile markets B) Markets are inherently volatile C) The volatility in markets is healthy for an economy and states should work against "aggregate demand" D) Private spending needs to replace public spending to correct market imperfections in a depressed economy E) There are political downsides (even including revolution) if states try to address severe economic downslides F) Nothing can stop a downward spiral and growing unemployment in a depressed economy unless the government steps in with public spending to replace a lack of private spending

answer

ABF

question

According to Keynes (as discussed by his biographer Robert Skidelsky), volatile markets can punish: A) Military planners, who must embrace volatile social reactions B) Only those who have made mistakes, showing market efficiency C) College students and professors, who must address low prices and high wages D) Millions in society, for the mistakes of a few, causing social unrest

answer

question

The United States: A. Uses mercantilist policies to keep an equal balance between imports and exports B. Generally runs massive trade surpluses because of its strong economy C. Has never borrowed from other countries or foreign citizens by selling U.S. Treasury bonds and other securities D. Has run significant trade deficits since the 1970s

answer

question

Those that caution against free trade generally argue: A. Free trade can lead to functionalism, neo-functionalism, and war B. Countries can be forced to significantly strengthen (raise) their environmental and labor standards in order to compete with countries where these standards are lower C. Free trade leads to dislocations which can cost people their jobs D. Countries should try to become dependent on a few agricultural products

answer

question

Arguments in favor of free trade often include each of the following, EXCEPT: A. Countries can use trade barriers to better protect State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) under free trade policies B. Free trade promotes interdependence among countries and helps maintain international peace C. Free trade produces overall economic growth and jobs in sectors where the country has a comparative advantage D. Open trade fosters lower prices for consumers

answer

question

Mercantilists (economic nationalists) believe: A. Governments should regulate trade to advance national interests and power B. Trade should be completely unregulated/free C. All trade should be shut off and the state should be self-sufficient D. Mercantile exchanges should not include agricultural goods

answer

question

For developing countries that primarily produce raw (often called primary) products, such as mining and agricultural goods (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Trade deficits do not develop because they have a monopoly over their competition B. Jobs are often low wage and low skilled C. Persistently low export prices cannot generate the revenue for the expensive manufactured/high tech imports needed for development D. "Comparative advantage" is often based on just a few primary products E. Arguments for "comparative advantage" can be seen as developmental "dead ends"

answer

BCDE

question

The idea of comparative advantage is that: A. Countries should impose advantages in certain areas through protectionist policies B. The U.S. has more advantages because of its global regulatory power and it should exploit them by enforcing nationalist policies C. States should specialize in producing the goods which they produce best and trade for goods that other states produce best D. Trade always has winners and losers, so countries should pursue mercantilist, closed market strategies to gain a comparative advantage

answer

question

Classic liberal trade theory holds the view that: A. Free trade without governmental interference will eventually benefit all economies in the international system by ensuring efficiency in the production and distribution of goods and services B. Governments should continually protect their infant industries with trade barriers so that they can become competitive in the international arena C. Too much dependence on trade should be discouraged because it leads to dependence on foreign economies and governments and therefore a loss of sovereignty D. Governments should not hesitate to intervene in controlling international trade if it is necessary to protect domestic jobs and industries

answer

question

The most traditional protectionist barriers to trade are: A. Structural Adjustment Programs, which limit trade liberalization B. Free Trade Agreements, such as NAFTA C. Tariffs (taxes on imports), though they are no longer the main form of protectionism for most countries D. Geographic barriers, such as rivers

answer

question

An example of an "export promotion" technique is: A. Voluntary export restraints, such as when the U.S. voluntarily lowered its auto exports to Japan B. Export tariffs (taxes), making local products more expensive to export so as to benefit local consumption C. The Smoot-Hawley Act in the United States D. Direct export subsidies, or paying local producers for their exports, helping them better compete with foreign firms

answer

question

Mercantilist approaches to establish desired trade balances and trade profiles include: A. Promoting exports and protecting the economy by restricting imports B. Programs initiated by the Washington Consensus to adopt Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) C. Adopting IMF Structural Adjustment Programs, which emphasize closed market strategies D. Promoting all imports and restricting exports

answer

question

The U.S.'s Smoot-Hawley Act: A. Lowered the average U.S. tariff rate to 2% B. Created the IMF and World Bank, which have opened world trade through Structural Adjustment Programs C. Has been credited with triggering a spiral of restrictions on trade by other countries, helping spark the Great Depression D. Promoted much freer global trade after WWII

answer

question

Non-tariff Barriers (NTBs) include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Health and safety standards B. Voluntary Export Restraints C. Agreements with more than 5 countries D. Administrative requirements, such as customs procedures

answer

ABD

question

One key reason international trade negotiations have stalled is because: A. Poor countries will not open their agriculture sectors to rich countries' high-tech imports B. China has not entered the WTO C. The United States has dropped out of the WTO D. Remaining tariff barriers are in areas where poorer countries often have an advantage, such as the politically sensitive agriculture sector

answer

question

When the European Union placed restrictions on the importation of U.S. beef containing growth hormones because of the EU's concern for public health, the U.S. government considered this policy a form of: A. Unfair floating exchange rates, leading to IMF penalties B. Protectionism, sparking a case before the WTO C. Functioning free trade regulations D. Intrusion on the U.S. Treasury Department's portfolio investment

answer

question

Losing a case through the WTO disputes settlement mechanism could lead a country to face: A. Economic sanctions or a withdrawal of trade concessions by the winning state B. A full trade embargo by the United States C. Being forced to rewrite laws declared unconstitutional by the WTO D. Military force

answer

question

European economic integration was initiated with the creation of: A. The European Union, which established free trade between 28 countries B. The European Coal and Steel Community, which integrated an industry key to war-making potential C. The euro, which established a common currency D. The European Security and Defense Identity, which provided for a common EU military

answer

question

France protects its television and movie industries from U.S. competition because: A. Of a fear of cultural imperialism B. The European Union mandates that states protect these industries C. This sector did not see any liberalization during the Doha Round of trade negotiations D. It won a case at the WTO

answer

question

The Bretton Woods institutions were created after WWII: A. To allow the United States to dominate the world economy B. As the founding institutions of the European Union C. To complete the Doha Round D. To promote stability in international economics and, hence, strengthen international peace

answer

question

Since the creation of the WTO in 1995: A. International trade negotiations have flourished, with four trade rounds being completed B. No disputes have been brought before the disputes settlement body, though this could occur C. Only one round of international trade negotiations has been initiated (the Doha Round), and it has gotten nowhere D. Trade in agriculture has become significantly freer, benefiting developing countries and hurting more developed countries

answer

question

Company costs can often be lower if (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Pensions, healthcare, and paid vacation rules are enhanced B. Age and gender discrimination laws are removed, allowing them to terminate employees at will C. Pensions, healthcare, and paid vacation rules are eliminated D. Environmental regulations are weakened, allowing them to pollute more readily

answer

BCD

question

When countries raise taxes to give export subsidies to newly established exporting companies: A. They seek to promote consumption now over future trade opportunities B. The current generation always benefits at the expense of future generations C. Their current citizens sacrifice so that future generations may benefit as "infant industries" transform into powerful businesses D. Classic liberals argue that their theories are proven

answer

question

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): A. Has hurt workers in higher skilled jobs the most because the prices for goods they consume have risen sharply B. Has led to some lower skilled jobs shifting to Mexico, where wages are lower C. Was eliminated by the George W. Bush administration in favor of higher tariffs, such as those with steel D. Is an example of an FTA that has not had political consequences or controversies

answer

question

Consumers (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Can at least be assured that business values are the same across all countries B. Have to grapple with whether to buy foreign goods that might have been made in sweatshops C. Can check mandatory labeling in the U.S., which notes if goods are made in sweatshops D. Often do not know the conditions in which foreign goods are made

answer

question

President George W. Bush's decision to impose a temporary 30 percent tariff on imported steel in 2002 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Is an example where trade policy followed classic liberal theory, as noted by Treasury Secretary O'Neill B. Hurt the U.S. automakers, who had to pay higher prices for steel C. Was applauded by foreign steel makers D. Helped the steel industry by allowing U.S steel producers to gain a larger share of the local market

answer

question

What is the definition of "relative poverty"? A. Relative poverty is the amount of poor people in LDCs in comparison to MDCs B. Relative poverty is estimated at $3.10 per capita C. Relative poverty is based on a comparison with a defined group within a particular country D. Relative poverty is estimated at $24,250 per family of four

answer

question

Purchasing Power Parity: A. Estimates the number of dollars needed to buy comparable goods in different countries, making comparisons more accurate B. Is higher in LDCs than in MDCs C. Shows that comparisons between LDCs and MDCs are not possible because different goods cost different amounts D. Is a clear measure of income inequality

answer

question

Common ways to measure poverty include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Taxes B. Consumption C. Obesity levels D. Happiness

answer

question

Which statements about poverty around the world are true? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Women and men suffer equally from poverty B. Developed countries, because of their high standards of living, do not suffer from poverty C. Women suffer more from poverty than men D. The incidence of poverty is generally higher in rural than urban areas E. The incidence of poverty is generally higher in urban than rural areas F. The largest number of poor people live in Asia

answer

CDF

question

The UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) is based on three factors, including (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Life expectancy B. Per capita purchasing power C. Gender equality D. Educational attainment

answer

ABD

question

Which of the following statements is true? A. Globally, the top one-fifth of the population (roughly 1.5 billion people) has more than 35% of the world's consumption (about $20 trillion), while the bottom one- fifth (roughly 1.4 billion people) has about 22% (roughly $15 trillion) in consumption B. Globally, the top one-fifth of the population (roughly 1.5 billion people) has more than three-quarters of the world's consumption (about $60 trillion), while the bottom one-fifth (roughly 1.4 billion people) has about $1 trillion in consumption C. Globally, the top one-fifth of the population (roughly 8.2 billion people) has more than nine-tenths of the world's consumption (about $200 trillion), while the bottom one-fifth (roughly 8.1 billion people) has about $1 billion in consumption D. Globally, the top one-fifth of the population (roughly 8.2 billion people) has more than 80% of the world's consumption (about $200 trillion), while the bottom one-fifth (roughly 8.1 billion people) has about 15% (roughly $15 trillion) in consumption

answer

question

Trends in income inequality include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Rapid increases in income inequality in the United States since the 1970s B. Increases in global income going to the top 5 percent versus the bottom 5 percent C. The same, universal, dramatic persistence of extreme income inequality across LDCs D. A sharp decline in income inequality in China, given its Structural Adjustment Program

answer

question

While globally the number and percentage of people living on less than $1.90 a day has dropped dramatically since 1990, what is also true (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Most of the gains have been in two countries, China and India (especially China) B. Only in Africa has the number of poor really dropped significantly, and in Latin America it has dramatically increased C. Income inequality has increased in MDCs (the United States being an exception), but not LDCs D. The number of people living on less than $3.10 a day has remained roughly the same (about 2 billion people)

answer

question

Which of the following statements is true? A. The most dramatic gains in reducing hunger worldwide since 1990 have been in the Middle East and Africa (notably South Africa and Saudi Arabia) B. Food insecurity has been eliminated in Europe given the acceptance of socialism C. The most dramatic gains in reducing hunger worldwide since 1990 have been in East and Southeast Asia (notably China) D. The most dramatic gains in reducing hunger worldwide since 1990 have been in South Asia (notably Pakistan)

answer

question

The first steps in opening the Chinese economy included (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Adopting the U.S. dollar as its currency B. Allowing farmers to sell excess produce on the market, once they had met local and national quotas C. Adopting IMF/World Bank conditionality tied to Structural Adjustment loans D. Eliminating state-owned firms in favor of private entrepreneurship E. Inviting foreign firms to form joint ventures with state- owned manufacturers to produce for export

answer

question

South Korea and other East Asian states have pursued strategies that have included: A. Closing their markets to international competition B. Strong investments in education and efforts to allow the poor to share in rapid growth C. Eliminating the government's role in industrialization D. Withdrawing from the IMF and World Bank because of the 1997 East Asian economic crisis

answer

question

In his famous essay "The End of History?", Francis Fukuyama wrote that mankind may have reached "the end point of ... ideological evolution with the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government." This mindset was championed by: A. The Soviet Union, given its rapid growth in wages after its collapse B. Mexico and Brazil, given their appreciation of austerity C. The European Union, but, surprisingly, not the United States D. The Washington Consensus (led by the U.S. and international financial institutions)

answer

question

Mexico and Brazil are noted for: A. Large cash transfers to African countries that meet IMF/World Bank conditionality B. Authoring "Emerging Africa," tied to their growing investments on the continent C. Their major MNCs that have formed joint ventures in the Chinese economy D. Introducing direct transfer payments to poor households, conditioned on families meeting requirements such as keeping their children in school

answer

question

Market-oriented reforms in China: A. Included the elimination of all state-owned firms B. Have been relatively gradual and strictly controlled by the state C. Were instantaneous ("shock therapy"), very similar to what was seen in the Soviet Union D. Have been directed by the Washington Consensus, particularly the IMF

answer

question

Micro-lending tends to focus on: A. Older recipients, who have matured enough to repay loans B. Those promoting high tech jobs, as they are the jobs of the future C. Women, who studies show are more likely to repay loans and spend money on their children's welfare D. Men, because of the gender bias in most LDCs

answer

question

What percentage of its budget does the U.S. give in foreign aid? A. Roughly 18% B. Roughly 1% C. Roughly 27% D. Roughly 10%

answer

question

In 2015, the top recipient of both U.S. economic and military aid was: A. Nigeria B. Afghanistan C. China D. India

answer

question

The two main forms of foreign aid include: A. Refugee assistance and non-concessional loans B. Food and medical equipment C. Economic assistance and military assistance D. Food aid and donated weapons

answer

question

In the United States (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Micro-lending has taken root through Grameen America and other organizations B. Micro-lending has been supplemented by NGOs that give out "micro-grants" C. Only for-profit micro-lending has worked because of a lack of sufficient funds from NGOs D. Micro-lending failed because of fears of loan sharking

answer

question

The Grameen Bank: A. Offers loans to the poor in Bangladesh B. Has helped spark "Africa's Economic Boom" in the DRC C. Bailed India out of economic crisis in 1982 D. Is an Indian Bank at the heart of "Modinomics"

answer

question

With respect to foreign aid, as a percentage of its national income/GNI, the U.S. gives: A. More than most, roughly 20% B. The highest among rich countries (almost 25%) C. On average with other MDCs (14%) D. Amongst the lowest level among rich countries (bottom third)

answer

question

In total dollars, which country gives the most in economic aid? A. United States B. China C. Germany D. France

answer

question

A challenge that has developed in recent years surrounding micro-lending in India has been: A. Strong government opposition because it upends corrupt officials B. U.S. opposition and holding back of foreign aid until this form of lending is stopped, as it undermines the business of U.S. for-profit banks C. Too many NGOs that do not understand the micro- lending process wasting foreign aid donations D. The development of for-profit micro-lending and loan- sharks pushing more and more loans (followed by aggressive collection tactics)

answer

question

Which of the following goals was NOT part of the Millennium Development Goals? A. To dramatically reduce weapons sales worldwide B. To eradicate extreme poverty C. To achieve universal primary education D. To promote gender equality and empower women E. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

answer

question

Which of the following was not part of the Millennium Development Goals, but is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? A. Reshaping the UN Security Council's permanent representatives B. Having peaceful and inclusive societies, justice, and accountable institutions (good governance) C. Significantly increasing the regulatory power of the UN D. Eliminating Free Trade Agreements that undermine the environment

answer

question

Which Millennium Development Goal was fully achieved? A. To reshape the UN Security Council B. To achieve universal primary education across the world C. To cut in half (from 1990 levels) the number of people living in extreme poverty (then defined as $1 a day, now $1.90) D. To dramatically reduce global arms sales

answer

question

Tied to the focus in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on better quality education is a belief that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. A focus on education, especially of girls, leads to improved family health and individual productivity B. Better education will better promote the UN's emphasis on socialism as seen in the U.S. C. Better education leads to better use of higher technologies D. Higher education levels lead to sharply higher fertility rates E. Better education can lead to better participation in democracy F. Better education will better promote the UN's emphasis on socialism as seen in the U.S. G. China's education system, by far the best in the world, should be adopted

answer

ACE

question

Which states are identified in the histogram below as having the lowest score in Voice and Accountability? A. Vietnam and China B. Ethiopia and Narnia C. China and Saudi Arabia D. Saudi Arabia and Laos

answer

question

Under colonialism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Colonies provide cheap labor and resources, and serve as markets for the colonizers goods B. The colonizing countries for centuries worked to develop local colonies, generally showing little progress because of a lack of political control C. Mercantilist trade policies by the colonized peoples frustrated the Triangular Trade D. Asian dominance in the Triangular Trade led to the colonization of China E. Vast revenues and resources typically flow out of the colonies, with relatively little capital flowing back in F. A core dominant country generally controls the political and economic lives of foreign peoples

answer

AEF

STUDY

Book Of Genesis Regional Economic Integration Rural Urban Migration Structural Adjustment Programs

African 110 Final Exam – Flashcards 130 terms

Kenneth McQuaid

130 terms

Preview

African 110 Final Exam – Flashcards

question

The philosophy underlying the organization of the traditional African society emphasizes

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The significance of the survival of the group

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The kings and leaders of traditional Africa are regarded as representatives of

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The ancestors

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The institution of marriage is an important aspect of African cultures because

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It helps with the continuation of the family line and the ethnic group as a whole

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The pre-colonial African economy was based on

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Agriculture

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The method of instruction in the pre-colonial education system was

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Oral Tradition

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The most important aspect of the pre-colonial economy was that

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It was self sufficient

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Ethnicity provides its members with

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Language

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This aspect was not known in the pre-colonial economy

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Unemployement

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According to traditional religious beliefs, the Supreme Being has divided itself into smaller spirits known as

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divinities

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A strong value system in pre-colonial African society is

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respect for elders

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One of the settler colonies was

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Zimbabwe

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One of the main characteristics of the colonial economy was

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Cash Crop cultivation

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The two main colonial political philosophies were

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Direct and Indirect Rule

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Colonial Education failed to do this

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Teach science and technology to African students

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By 1830 this country had been colonized by France

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Algeria

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The Berlin conference of 1884 led to

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The Partition of Africa

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The colonial economy introduced this into the African economy

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Import-Export

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The remote reasons behind colonization of Africa included

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The search for raw materials

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Colonialism introduced this into Africa

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A new religion

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The chiefs appointed by Great Britian in its colonies were known as

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Warrant Chiefs

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The centralization of power resulted in this

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Widespread corruption

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This elected president of the Congo (now DRC) was murdered three months after being in office

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Patrice Lumumba

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One of the many justifications for military coups is

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High unemployement rates

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The World Bank's economic program forAfrica in the 1980s was called

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Structural Adjustment program

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This author has alleged that the African military takes over the government for its own interests

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Ruth First

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Coloneal Bokassa was the president of this Country

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Central African Republic

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Communism in the Soviet Union fell in this year

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1989

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Majority of the post-independence political systems created the emergence of

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Military coups

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one of the enduring legacies of the European colonial governments in Africa has been

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The post-colonial military

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The first African military coup occured in

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Egypt

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Most African countries were able to gain their independence from colonialism because

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The colonial powers, which were weakened by the Second World War did not hcoose to embark on the protracted wars

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Among the key factors for inter-state wars is

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poorly delineated borders

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One of these types of wars is best resolved by international abitration

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Border disputes

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The grievance (relative deprivation) theory is better suited in explaining

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Civil Wars

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Irredentist wars are

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motivated by the desire to secede from one country in order to join another country

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The organization of African Unity's doctrine on colonial boundaries

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disapproves changing colonial boundaries

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Civil wars in Africa tend to occur more often in

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countries with deficit in quality of governance

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Many African governments engage in appropriating land from customary holders claiming

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to promote development through mining and large scale commercial agriculture

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One of these African countries faced irredentist wars

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Ethiopia

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One of these African countries has never faced a civil war

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Tanzania

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Kwame Knrumah of Ghana referred to Africa's continued post-independence economic relationship with Europe based on dependency as

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Neo-colonialism

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The Modernization Theory argues that

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The modernization of all countries followed a specific path of growth

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The Dependency Theory was developed by economists from this region

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Latin America

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This committee coordinates all foreign aid at the international level

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The Development Assistance Committee

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One of the impacts of AIDS on African economies has been

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The increase in the financial burdens of African governments

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Since 1989, the economic conditions of Africa have been worsened by the loss of this

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International Strategic Importance

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The human capital theorists concluded that investment in Education resulted in

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Economic Development

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One of the economic development theories exported into Africa in the 1960s was

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The Human Capital Theory

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At independence, African leaders believed that they could achieve economic development of their countries through

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Industrialization

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According to Theodore Schultz, Education made people become this

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More productive

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Why did colonial powers invest in the spread of ecucation?

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To meet local manpower needs

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Which of the following were used to spread western-styled education during the colonial period?

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Missionary societies and oral communication

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In which of these African countries are children most likelt to be taught in their indigenous languages?

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Nigeria

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Which of the following is NOT an example of the educational challenges facing Africa today?

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the disparity in the droupout rate across countries in Africa

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In which of the following countries are females least likely to experience an enrollment disadvantage compared to males?

answer

Namibia

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How did Christian missionary societies help the spread of education in Africa?

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By increasing educatino among the poor

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Which of the following factors has had the most impact on education in Africa?

answer

increasing numbers of children

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Which of the following has the lowest primary school enrollment rates?

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Ethiopia

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which of these represents an educational legacy of colonial rule?

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Social inequalities in education

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Which of these is a type of educational infrastructure?

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School buildings

question

What is the approximate size of Africa's population

answer

1.2 billion

question

Why were birth rates high in historical African societies?

answer

Lack of effective contraception

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Which of the following is a major cause of death in modern Africa

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Famine, HIV/AIDS, Malaria

question

Which of the following African countries has the smallest population size?

answer

Lesotho

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How did slavery affect Africa's population?

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It reduced population growth

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Which of the following now has the fastest population growth rate?

answer

Africa

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Why is Africa's population the youngest in the world?

answer

Government policies emphasize the importance of youth

question

Which of the following is one reason for why North Africa attracts international migration?

answer

Education opportunities in Egypt

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Which of the following represents major migrant destinatino in East Africa?

answer

Kenya

question

Which of the following is a major determinant of African migration?

answer

Environmental crisis

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason for urbanization?

answer

Rents are more affordable in urban centers

question

When did the most explosive growth in the history of global human population took place?

answer

20th and 21st centuries

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Some of the fastest growing nations in Sub-Saharan Africa that are expected to triple its population by 2050 are

answer

Congo, Chad, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Liberia and Uganda

question

Five countries in Africa that are likely to have populations above 100 million are:

answer

Ethiopia, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Tanzania

question

Name 3 megacities in Sub-Saharan Africa

answer

Lagos, Kinshasa, Cairo

question

Which of the following statements DO NOT apply to urban development approach:

answer

Implementing laws that limit rural-urban migration

question

Select the best statement to describe the socio-economic effects of ubranization in Africa

answer

It leads to the creation of urban heat Islands

question

What significant change were expected to happen after 1930-33 in the causes of urban growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?

answer

Natural increase is expected to surpass migration

question

Which of the following statements do NOT define urbanization?

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The rate of growth of an urban population

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All of the following identify problems associated to urbanization in Africa EXCEPT:

answer

Housing and infrastructural development

question

Please list the higest mountains in Africa:

answer

Kilimanjaro, Mt Kenya, the Rwenzori Mountains, Mt Meru, the Semien Mountains, the Virunga Mountains, Bale Mountains, Mt Elgon, the High Atlas Mountains

question

Please list eh countries in which the higest mountains in Africa are found?

answer

DC Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Morocco, Ethiopia

question

Which one of the following is an organization working to list and protect biodiversity hotspots in Africa?

answer

WWF

question

Why is the Serengeti not included in the list of global diversity hotspots and why is it still and important site for conservation?

answer

It is too big

question

Describe the vegetation cover in Africa

answer

More than 20% forest, 30% desert, almost 50% drylands and savannah

question

What are some of the reasons pastoral groups might stop traditional migration and land use practices and what are some of these results

answer

Pastoral groups might stop migrating if the government puts in place policies that prevent them from collectively owning traditional land as a group. Without traditional land ownership and use rules, it is possible for overgrazing to occur

question

What percentage of people in Africa rely on solid fuel for cooking?

answer

80%

question

What percentage of deaths in Africa are due to air pollution?

answer

11%, more than are due to Malaria

question

Which of the following statements about air pollution is true in Africa?

answer

Indoor air pollution is more of a problem than outdoor air pollution in Africa. More people use solid cooking fuel in Africa than anywhere else in the world

question

Who was Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement?

answer

She was an environmental activist from Kenya who won the Nobel Peace prize for her work with the Green Belt Movement that encouraged communities to plant trees and conserve forests

question

Economic fragmentation in Africa is manifested in that

answer

Some people operate under a capitalist economic system while others operate under non-capitalist traditional economic systems

question

One of the following was not an important objective of the OAU

answer

to facilitate the flow of aid to African countries

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One of the following is not part of the principles of the OAU

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Interferebce in the affairs of member states to promote development

question

Among the indicators of the OAU's contribution to conflict resolution and prevention is

answer

The relatively small number of inter-state conflicts in Africa

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The task of day-to-day-running of the OAU was the resonsibility of this organ

answer

The Secretariat

question

One of the major obstacles the African union faces in attaining its objectives is

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That is does not have mechanisms for enforcing its resolutions

question

In a regional economic integration economies of scale helps promote development by

answer

Reducing unit cost of production

question

A major factor that has hindered trade integration of African REC's is

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Poor implementation of integration agreements

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One of the following African RECs aims to reach a common market stage in 2015

answer

EAC

question

One of these countries is not a member of the Inter-Governmental Agency for Development

answer

Tanzania

question

Obelisks are monuments left behind the ancient empire of

answer

Axum

question

The trading partners of Africa's ancient empires did not inculde one of the following

answer

Songhai

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Trade commodities of the medieval kingdom of Mali did not include

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Diamonds

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The Slave trade is said to have reduced the adult male population by roughly

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20%

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The colonial legacy in Africa did not contribute to

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The development of an AFrican commercial class

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Ethiopia was only one of two African countries that escaped colonialism. It did so by

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By building a large amry capable of defeating a colonizing power

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The Cold War context enhanced the end of colonialism because

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the Soviet Union wanted to weaken the Western powers by depriving them of free access to African resources

question

Reducing state expenditures is a policy tool primarily intended to

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Reduce budgetary deficit

question

Among the possible unintended outcomes of currency devaluation in African countries is that

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Imports of capital goods became very expensive, income distribution becomes more skewed, Economic diversification may be thwarted by external competiton

question

African countries saw higher prices for their exports with the rise of the BRICS and especially China primarily because

answer

The BRICS raised global for African resources due to their rapid growth

question

Lesson 14 focuses on

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The health challenges facing Africa through the lens of biomedicine

question

The introduction of biomedicine into Africa was the result of

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European colonial rule in Africa

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According to the Author, Westernization and colonialism have taken over indegenous Afrocam health practices

answer

False

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When medical practitioners and patients come from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds it is difficult to achieve

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Consistent diagnosis of disease

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Indigenous healing customs depend upon many things, including

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The person receiving the treatment, the person giving the treatment, and the setting

question

According to the Lesson, biomedicine is preoccupied with

answer

Bodily breakdown

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In Western biomedicine these are treated as external to the human body

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Social and interpersonal relations

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In indigenous health traditions, the reason for an illness impacts

answer

How the illness is treated

question

This group introduced biomedicine into Africa in the 19th century

answer

Early European missionaries

question

According to the author, in order for public health to be effective, it is necessary to know:

answer

The meaning of medical terms from the user's perspective

question

In Ancient African Art, the artist did not sing their work, title it or put a date on it. We can, however, often identify where an object is from by its syle characteristics. All these statements are about the syle of the art of the ancient culture called Nok, EXCEPT

answer

The figures are very naturalistic, with a realistic appearance

question

The art of Igbo Ukwu features all these creatues EXCEPT

answer

dogs

question

All of these statements about the Art of life are true EXCEPT

answer

The art of life is said to have been derived from the tradition of honoring the Kings at Benin

question

All of these statements about the art of Benin are true, EXCEPT

answer

In 1897 the British came to Benin and purchased all of the art found in the palace, after which time the kingdon ceased to exist, and no more art was made

question

All of the following are true of the GULA waMukule EXCEPT

answer

modern play performed in urban centers

question

The pink and red colored masks symbolize

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that the character is an outsider and possibly dangerous

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Gule WamKulu has criticized all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the ancestors

question

In what way did Pilkings infulence Elesin's decision to die?

answer

Pilkings promised to send him to England if he did not kill himself

question

Tambu found herself split in two about the wedding. Why?

answer

Tambu's existence and legitimate birth were being questioned

question

"When I saw the photographs I was sure that I should have gone". The context of this statement suggests that

answer

Tambu was confused becasue the wedding was beautiful even if she disagreed with the reason for the wedding

STUDY

Single Parent Households South And The West Structural Adjustment Programs World Geography

Geography Chapter 13 Test Questions – Flashcards 114 terms

Viola Marenco

114 terms

Preview

Geography Chapter 13 Test Questions – Flashcards

question

economic

answer

There is considerable variation in spatial extent, population, cultural traits, and levels of __ and social development in Southeast Asia.

question

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

answer

__ has brought a new level of regional cooperation to the area with a goal of the countries in the region to control - rather than to be controlled by - external global forces.

question

mainland

answer

Like the Caribbean, the area consists of a __ region and a marine region.

question

tropical

answer

The mainland of Southeast Asia is __ and the island region is equatorial.

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buffer

answer

SE Asia has been a __ zone between the two larger civilizations of India and China.

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dominant

answer

There is no single __ country in SE Asia.

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larger

answer

Southeast Asia is slightly __ than South Asia -1.7 million square miles.

question

crossroads

answer

SE Asia is at a strategic location at the __ of Asian cultures.

question

Malacca

answer

Important shipping lanes through the straits of __.

question

Laos

answer

All countries are marine oriented - except __ which is landlocked.

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mountain

answer

The mainland is dominated by long parallel-folded __ ridges that separate the major river basins. These mountains are extensions of the Himalayas to the east.

question

archipelagos

answer

The island __ are on the edge of plate boundaries, the Philippines are at the boundary between the Pacific plate and the Philippine plate.

question

Indonesia

answer

__ is at the boundary between Eurasian plate and the Australian-Indian plate.

question

glaciers

answer

Even though it is tropical and equatorial, there are mountain __ in Indonesia.

question

pacific ring of fire

answer

Volcanic and earthquake activity is common as this region is part of the __. Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991 having major impacts on the Philippines and global climate.

question

tsunami

answer

The Christmas, 2004 __ that devastated Southeast and South Asia was caused by shifts in the ocean floor along these major faults.

question

least

answer

SE Asia contains the least amount of climatic diversity off all the realms.

question

tropical rainforest and tropical monsoon

answer

Two main climate types of SE Asia.

question

tropical rainforest

answer

Climate type in the equatorial portion of SE Asia.

question

tropical monsoon and savanna

answer

Climate type in the northern portion of SE Asia.

question

humid subtropical

answer

Climate type in northern Laos and Vietnam.

question

Mekong

answer

The __ River is the most important river in SE Asia. It yields more fish than any other river system. Hard navigable river, therefore not a high pop density.

question

1200

answer

Mekong has over __ different fish species.

question

delta

answer

The Mekong __ region has a high population density because of its agricultural productivity.

question

dam

answer

The Mekong River remained in a very natural state until the 1990s when the first __ was built.

question

Laos

answer

It is estimated that 100 large dams are proposed for the Mekong Basin. The biggest dam enthusiast is __ which hopes to build enough hydroelectric projects to power Southeast Asia.

question

fisheries

answer

The greatest damage to the Mekong is being done to the river's __. Over 1 million Cambodians rely on it.

question

flooding

answer

The dams are preventing the seasonal __ and encouraging the conversion of forests to farmland along the floodplain.

question

navigable

answer

Attempts to make the river more __ are also hurting the fishing industry.

question

Myanmar

answer

Irrawaddy & Salween river serves no population base but provides hydro-electric power __.

question

Red

answer

__ River can be found in Vietnam.

question

Thailand

answer

Chao Phraya river in __; is the only river that does not originate in the Tibetan Highlands.

question

deforestation

answer

Many Southeast Asian countries have established bans on the export of raw logs as a result of __.

question

plantations

answer

Forests are not only logged for lumber but are also cleared for oil palm __.

question

burning

answer

Often, the clearing takes the form of __ down the forest creating severe smoke issues that can cover an extensive area such as what occurred in Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. Poor air quality also is created from urban smog.

question

uplands

answer

The mainland environments consist of rugged __ interspersed with broad lowlands associated with the large rivers.

question

population

answer

The __ is concentrated in river valleys and coastal deltas.

question

coastal

answer

The __ areas are susceptible to saltwater intrusion, higher storm surges, and longer term potential rising sea levels that can result from climate change.

question

insular

answer

The __ environments are even more prone to climatic conditions.

question

typhoons

answer

__ are tropical cyclonic storms, bring heavy rainfall to the northern reaches of insular Asia. They bring massive flooding and wind destruction killing thousands of people. These storms have increased in their intensity.

question

dense

answer

Relatively __ populations are supported in the region's river deltas, coastal areas, and zones of fertile volcanic soil.

question

swidden

answer

The upland areas with poor soil fertility practice a __ system (also known as "slash-and-burn" agriculture or shifting cultivation) which involves burning down the vegetation to add nutrients to the soil. The are is farmed for several years and then is abandoned once the fertility declines so the vegetation can regenerate.

question

cash crops

answer

In mountainous areas where swidden agriculture can no longer support the population, people sometimes switch over to __.

question

golden

answer

The mountainous northern area of Burma, Laos and Thailand is a large opium production region that is often called the "__ Triangle".

question

colonial

answer

During the __ period, cane sugar, rubber, and other cash crops were introduced in plantation style agriculture.

question

imported

answer

In colonial times, workers were often __ and many Indian and Chinese laborers were brought in or otherwise migrated to these areas.

question

commercial

answer

__ crops today also include tea, copra (dried coconut meat), and oil palm.

question

lowlands

answer

Rice is cultivated primarily in the __.

question

rice

answer

__ is a staple crop throughout all of SE Asia; it is also a cash crop.

question

higher

answer

Southeast Asia has a much __ percentage of cropland in rice than either South Asia or East Asia.

question

growth rates

answer

The Philippines and east Timor have high __ reflecting the influence of the Roman Catholic Church on family planning.

question

TFRs

answer

Laos and Cambodia have high __ because of the low level of development (especially Laos).

question

below

answer

Singapore and Thailand have TFRs well __ replacement rates.

question

declining

answer

The Philippines has the classic wide-base pyramid associated with rapid growth while Singapore has the constricted base associated with a __ population.

question

transmigration

answer

Indonesia has an official policy of __ which is the relocation of people from one region to another within a national territory.

question

Java

answer

Indonesia encourages migration from __ to other less populated islands. This is done to relieve population pressures in the densely populated Java as well as to make the other islands more 'Javanese'.

question

primate

answer

Southeast Asia is about 40% urbanized. Many of the region's countries have __ cities (single, large urban settlements that overshadow all others). There are efforts to encourage growth of secondary cities.

question

squatter

answer

Urban primacy is less pronounced in Vietnam and Indonesia. __ settlements are common in this region.

question

Kuala Lumpur

answer

__ in Malaysia is Southeast Asia's largest city.

question

Singapore

answer

__ is a city-state, with modern infrastructure and no squatter settlements.

question

Chinese

answer

Singapore has a very strategic location where the Strait of Malacca narrows. Today, __ comprise about 76% of the population.

question

Theravada

answer

The second wave of Buddhism in 13th century brought __ Buddhism. It came from India and Sri Lanka and became the dominant form of Buddhism in Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.

question

Mahayana

answer

__ Buddhism had spread into the Red River region of Vietnam from China by 200 C.E. and most of its adherents in Southeast Asia are Vietnamese.

question

Chinese

answer

Among all peoples, the __ have the highest number of descendents living outside of their country of origin. 80% of all migrated Chinese live in SE Asia.

question

communities

answer

In every Southeast Asian country there are Chinese __.

question

ethnic

answer

Besides the Chinese who live in Southeast Asia, another influence is the many Southeast Asian __ groups who migrated from Southern China as the Chinese Empire expanded.

question

kingdoms

answer

From either India or China, Buddhism took over the mainland of Southeast Asia. During the period of __ among the states of mainland Southeast Asia, Buddhism became the state religion.

question

animism

answer

Throughout Southeast Asia, __ (the belief in spirits) is blended with Buddhism, particularly in the rural villages.

question

Arab

answer

In the maritime region, __ traders brought Islam between the 7th and 13th centuries.

question

Muslim

answer

Indonesia is the world's most populous __ country with 87%.

question

Christianity

answer

The Spanish and Portuguese brought __ in the 16th century in the Philippines and East Timor respectively.

question

conversion

answer

Christianity __ was greatest among Animists in Southeast Asia's highland regions.

question

communism

answer

Religious practices have been strongly discouraged in Vietnam, and in Laos since __ took hold.

question

greater

answer

There is a __ diversity of the major religions in Southeast Asia than in any other region of the world.

question

linguistic

answer

Southeast Asia has five major __ groups, with several hundred distinct languages.

question

Austronesian

answer

The __ languages extends from Madagascar to Easter Island. Today, almost all of the insular Southeast Asian languages are in this Family.

question

lingua franca

answer

Malay became the __ (a language used for trading purposes) of the region.

question

Spanish

answer

There is some __ spoken in the Philippines but That has declined over time.

question

languages

answer

The Tai-Kadai __ originated in southern China and then spread into Southeast Asia around 1200.

question

Vietnamese

answer

__ was written with Chinese characters until the French changed it to the Roman alphabet.

question

Tibeto-Burman

answer

__ Languages are in the northwest of mainland Southeast Asia.

question

Papuan

answer

__ languages are spoken in the western half of the island of New Guinea that is a part of Indonesia.

question

colonization

answer

The Philippines was the most profoundly influenced by its __ by Spain, and later by the U.S. It is quicker to adopt Western culture than other countries.

question

Khmer

answer

The __ Empire was the only major indigenous empire of the region.

question

sultanates

answer

By the 1400s, the political geography had restructured around a series of __ and a new set of mainland kingdoms.

question

United States

answer

Portuguese, Dutch, French, British and Spanish who were replaced by the __ in the Philippines were the colonial competitors.

question

Portuguese

answer

The __ occupied East Timor - now Timor-Leste (they first to arrive and the last to leave).

question

Mexican

answer

__ shipments of silver bullion and minted coin were exchanged for return cargoes of Chinese goods, mainly silk textiles. There was no direct trade with Spain.

question

Suez

answer

The opening of the __ Canal in the 1860s made mainland Southeast Asia feasible for Colonial powers to establish plantation agriculture.

question

British

answer

French were established in Indochina; __ conquered the Malaya Peninsula.

question

Thailand

answer

Only __ remained independent although it lost part of its territory.

question

WWII

answer

Independence came to Southeast Asia after __.

question

Geneva

answer

The __ Agreement in 1954 partitioned Vietnam into north and south halves (North Vietnam, South Vietnam).

question

Western

answer

Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam, Pathet Lao forces in Laos, and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia all fought to expel __ influences.

question

domino

answer

Using the __ theory (fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would follow), the U.S. sent troops to the region in the 1960s.

question

refugees

answer

There were many __ from the region as a result of Vietnam war, including many migrating to the U.S.

question

independence

answer

East Timor sought __ from Indonesia because it was never under Dutch rule and is Roman Catholic (it became independent in1999).

question

Burman

answer

There is conflict between the __ and non-Burman societies.

question

Karen

answer

The __ tribal people living in the mountainous border between Burma and Thailand rebelled against the Burmese government to gain independence.

question

Muslims

answer

In Thailand there is a religious, ethnic conflict with the __ who live in the extreme south.

question

Spratly

answer

The __ Islands are only important because of the Exclusive Economic Zone in the South China Sea that is associated with them (including oil reserves). They are claimed by many nations.

question

Crony capitalism

answer

The Marcos regime instituted __ in which the president's friends were given huge economic favors, while those believed to be enemies had their properties taken.

question

decline

answer

Crony capitalism helped lead to the Philippine __.

question

entrepot

answer

Singapore has transformed itself from an __ (a port city where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped) to one of the world's most modern states.

question

Bumiputra

answer

The wealth of Chinese in Malaysia led to affirmative action for __ ("sons of the soil" Malaysians).

question

Industrialization

answer

__ is greatest in the historical core (including Bangkok). One negative industry is "sex tourism" which has been a problem for Thailand.

question

political

answer

Unstable economic expansion in Indonesia leads to poverty and __ instability.

question

Burma

answer

__ has low economic development, but has great potential. It has abundant natural resources and fertile farmland.

question

Chinese

answer

Vietnam is following the __ model of economics; embracing market economies while retaining political forms of communism.

question

Cambodia

answer

__ face difficulties from rugged terrain, relative isolation, the ravages of war (1/4 of the population died in the 1970s), and government repression.

question

weakest

answer

East Timor has the __ economy in SE Asia.

question

significant

answer

There has been __ development in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia.

question

working

answer

Movements beginning in Europe, the U.S. and elsewhere have put pressure multinational corporations in Southeast Asia to improve __ conditions.

question

lead

answer

Singapore and Brunei __ the region in health and education; Laos and Cambodia rank low.

STUDY

AP Human Geography Development Geography Structural Adjustment Programs

Chapter 9 Practice Test Critical Analysis 41 terms

Marta Browning

41 terms

Preview

Chapter 9 Practice Test Critical Analysis

question

1) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is A) confrontation with more developed countries. B) identifying unique economic assets. C) inability to repay loans. D) promoting self-sufficiency.

answer

C) inability to repay loans.

question

2) The tertiary sector includes all but which of the following? A) transportation B) producer services C) government D) construction

answer

D) construction

question

3) The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is A) the Middle East. B) East Asia. C) South Asia. D) Latin America.

answer

D) Latin America.

question

4) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is A) widening. B) remaining constant. C) decreasing. D) zero.

answer

A) widening.

question

5) In more developed countries, employment is increasing in A) the primary sector. B) the secondary sector. C) the tertiary sector. D) all three sectors.

answer

C) the tertiary sector.

question

6) An example of a primary sector activity is A) education. B) manufacturing. C) mining. D) retailing.

answer

C) mining.

question

7) Today, European countries obtain raw materials A) from their abundant supplies. B) through exploitation of their colonies. C) through purchase from less developed countries. D) access to raw materials is no longer important for development in Europe.

answer

C) through purchase from less developed countries.

question

8) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is A) widening. B) remaining constant. C) decreasing. D) zero.

answer

A) widening.

question

9) Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the A) arrival of the monsoon. B) diffusion of miracle seeds. C) ratio between population and resources. D) price of jute.

answer

A) arrival of the monsoon.

question

10) Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development? A) infant mortality rate B) crude death rate C) age structure D) natural increase rate

answer

B) crude death rate

question

11) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that A) the country imports most of its food. B) few people are unemployed. C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories. D) most people must produce food for their own survival.

answer

D) most people must produce food for their own survival.

question

12) The principal asset of the Four Dragons to promote development is A) Japan's success. B) abundant natural resources. C) low labor costs. D) all of the above

answer

C) low labor costs.

question

13) The Middle East shows promise of becoming more developed primarily because of what characteristic? A) abundant petroleum reserves B) desert climate C) Islamic religious principles D) all of the above

answer

A) abundant petroleum reserves

question

14) Self-sufficiency policies have encouraged A) inefficient industries. B) dismantling of bureaucracies. C) elimination of government subsidies. D) destruction of the black market.

answer

A) inefficient industries.

question

15) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) none of the above

answer

C) tertiary

question

16) Western Europe is distinguished from Anglo-America by its A) relative lack of raw materials. B) greater cultural homogeneity. C) self-sufficiency in raw materials. D) ability to feed itself without importing food.

answer

A) relative lack of raw materials.

question

17) Which of the following hinder the international trade strategy for developing countries? A) increased dependence on more developed countries B) uneven resource distribution C) market stagnation D) all of the above

answer

D) all of the above

question

18) Since the 1949 Communist victory in the civil war, the Chinese people have been subjected to increasing amounts of all but which of the following? A) control of agricultural land B) distribution of food according to need C) fear of famine D) government assignment of specific tasks to farmers

answer

C) fear of famine

question

19) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are A) available for sharing by a large number of people. B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people. C) essential to rural life. D) owned by a minority of the people.

answer

D) owned by a minority of the people.

question

20) Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of all but which of the following? A) colonial legacy B) poor leadership C) capacity of land to produce food D) lack of monsoon rains

answer

D) lack of monsoon rains

question

21) The major asset of the Eastern European region is A) agricultural productivity. B) development of basic industries. C) production of consumer goods. D) abundant reserves of many raw materials.

answer

D) abundant reserves of many raw materials.

question

22) To finance development, less developed countries A) borrow from commercial banks. B) build new infrastructure projects. C) identify unique economic assets. D) promote self-sufficiency.

answer

A) borrow from commercial banks.

question

23) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities. B) an elite group initiates innovative activities. C) take-off industries achieve technical advances. D) workers become more skilled and specialized.

answer

B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.

question

24) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of all but which of these educational characteristics? A) percentage of GDP spent on education B) literacy rate C) number of teachers per pupil D) number of years attending school

answer

A) percentage of GDP spent on education

question

25) In 1995, the per capita GDP in Sudan was about $400; this indicates that it is a A) petroleum exporting state. B) less developed country. C) more developed country. D) country with a high gross domestic product.

answer

B) less developed country.

question

26) Population was traditionally low in Southeast Asia because of A) dry climate. B) inhospitable environment. C) Dutch colonial activity. D) high arithmetic density.

answer

B) inhospitable environment.

question

27) Correlating economic, social, and demographic indicators of development shows that A) different indicators of development are associated with each other. B) a more developed country is likely to rank among the top ten in all major development indicators. C) a less developed country can see which indicators need improvement. D) economic, social, and demographic characteristics do not in reality coincide with each other.

answer

A) different indicators of development are associated with each other.

question

28) People are more productive in more developed countries because they A) work harder. B) have access to more technology. C) have a higher value added per person. D) are better educated.

answer

B) have access to more technology.

question

29) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities. B) results in uneven resource development. C) suffers from market stagnation. D) spreads investment through all sectors of the economy.

answer

D) spreads investment through all sectors of the economy.

question

30) Japan's principal asset for promoting development was A) a favorable ratio of population to resources. B) an abundant supply of labor. C) high physiological density. D) extensive supplies of critical raw materials.

answer

B) an abundant supply of labor.

question

31) The highest level of development within Latin America is found in A) Central America. B) Caribbean islands. C) interior South America. D) southern South America.

answer

D) southern South America.

question

32) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets? A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods C) imports to be limited D) low cost distribution networks

answer

C) imports to be limited

question

33) Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries typically have all but which of the following characteristics? A) higher crude birth rates B) lower dependency rates C) higher percentage of children under age fifteen D) lower percentage of elderly

answer

B) lower dependency rates

question

34) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote A) balanced growth of all economic sectors. B) global competitiveness for local industries. C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy. D) unequal distribution of resources.

answer

A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.

question

35) Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) all three sectors

answer

A) primary

question

36) In recent years, countries such as India have A) embraced the international trade model. B) raised taxes on imports. C) required licenses for importers. D) embraced the self-sufficiency approach.

answer

A) embraced the international trade model.

question

Compared to a less developed country, is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level for each of these development indicators? ________ infant mortality rate

answer

lower

question

Compared to a less developed country, is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level for each of these development indicators? telephones per capita

answer

higher

question

Compared to a less developed country, is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level for each of these development indicators? percent engaged in agriculture

answer

lower

question

Compared to a less developed country, is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level for each of these development indicators? percent illiterate

answer

lower

question

Compared to a less developed country, is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level for each of these development indicators? GDP per capita

answer

higher

STUDY

AP Human Geography Development Geography Per Capita Gdp Structural Adjustment Programs

APHG9: Economic Growth Flashcards 54 terms

Kelly Fisher

54 terms

Preview

APHG9: Economic Growth Flashcards

question

1) Development refers to A) improvement in material conditions. B) value of the output of goods and services. C) value of a product compared to the needed labor. D) division of jobs into different sectors. E) changes in political institutions.

answer

question

2) The more developed regions include all but which of the following? A) North America B) Eastern Europe C) Middle East D) Western Europe E) South Pacific

answer

question

3) Which of the following is not a reason that gender inequality is a challenge to development? A) it leads to smaller family sizes B) it is associated with lower literacy rates and higher infant mortality rates. C) it excludes women from the formal economy, wasting a major economic asset. D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women.

answer

question

3) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available

answer

question

4) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is A) widening. B) remaining constant. C) decreasing. D) zero. E) cycling up and down.

answer

question

5) The value of total output of goods and services in a year in a country is its A) level of development. B) primary economic sector. C) productivity index. D) value added. E) gross domestic product.

answer

question

6) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year. C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year.

answer

question

7) In 2008, the per capita GDP in Sudan was about $1,500; this indicates that it is a A) petroleum exporting state. B) less developed country. C) more developed country. D) country with a high gross domestic product. E) has evenly distributed wealth.2

answer

question

8) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following? A) the approximate level of material well being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

answer

question

9) An example of a primary sector activity is A) education. B) manufacturing. C) banking. D) retailing. E) mining.

answer

question

10) All but which of the following statements are correct? A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution. B) The primary sector aounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs. C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs. D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.

answer

question

11) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) none of the above E) B and C

answer

question

12) The tertiary sector of the economy includes all but which of the following? A) transportation B) producer services C) government D) construction E) banking

answer

question

13) Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) all three sectors E) B and C

answer

question

14) Tertiary sector jobs involve the A) extraction of materials from Earth. B) provision of goods and services. C) manufacturing of raw materials. D) all of the above E) A and C

answer

question

15) In more developed countries, employment is increasing in A) the primary sector. B) the secondary sector. C) the tertiary sector. D) all three sectors. E) A and B

answer

question

16) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that A) the country imports most of its food. B) few people are unemployed. C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories. D) most people must produce food for their own survival. E) factory production cannot expand.

answer

question

17) People are more productive in more developed countries because they A) work harder. B) have access to more technology. C) have a higher value added per person. D) are better educated. E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

answer

question

18) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is A) gross domestic product. B) productivity. C) tertiary sector analysis. D) market value. E) value added.

answer

question

19) ________ is an example of a secondary sector activity. A) Banking B) Farming C) Manufacturing D) Secondary education

answer

question

20) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are A) available for sharing by a large number of people. B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people. C) essential to rural life. D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few. E) available only through local manufacture.

answer

question

21) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries, A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs. B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs. C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs. D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than many MDCs

answer

question

22) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of all but which of these educational characteristics? A) percentage of GDP spent on education B) literacy rate C) number of teachers per pupil D) number of years attending school E) spending per student

answer

question

23) Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development? A) infant mortality rate B) literacy rate C) age structure D) natural increase rate E) crude death rate

answer

question

24) Considering the different economic, social, and demographic indicators of development shows that A) a more developed country is likely to rank among the top ten in all major development indicators. B) a less developed country can see which indicators need improvement. C) different indicators of development are associated with each other. D) economic, social, and demographic characteristics do not in reality coincide with each other.

answer

question

25) Comparing the proportion of private spending on health care in the United States to that spent in LDCs reveals A) they are about the same. B) individuals in the United States pay a higher percentage. C) individuals in the United States pay a lower percentage. D) health care is free in LDCs so no comparison is possible

answer

question

26) The North American region is the world's leading provider of all but which of the following? A) food B) petroleum C) financial and management services D) entertainment E) sports

answer

question

27) All of the following are considered more developed regions except A) Southwest Asia & North Africa. B) North America C) Oceania D) Europe

answer

question

28) The major economic asset of the Russian region is A) agricultural productivity. B) development of basic industries. C) production of consumer goods. D) oil reserves. E) diversified industrial manufacturing

answer

question

29) Examining the diffusion of Wal-Mart reveals an application of the ________ concept. A) distance-decay B) discounting C) region D) core-periphery

answer

question

answer

question

31) Southwest Asia & North Africa shows promise of becoming more developed primarily because of what characteristic? A) abundant petroleum reserves B) desert climate C) Islamic religious principles D) democratic reforms E) all of the above

answer

question

32) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia & North Africa are A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states. B) dispersed throughout the region. C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea. D) primarily in Saudi Arabia. E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.

answer

question

33) The highest level of development within Latin America is found in A) Central America. B) Caribbean islands. C) interior South America. D) southern South America. E) countries on the Caribbean coast of northern South America.

answer

question

34) The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is A) Southwest Asia & North Africa. B) East Asia. C) South Asia. D) Latin America. E) Southeast Asia.

answer

question

35) Population was traditionally low in Southeast Asia because of A) its dry climate. B) its inhospitable environment. C) Dutch colonial activity. D) its high arithmetic density. E) its low fertility rates.

answer

question

36) Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the A) arrival of the monsoon. B) diffusion of miracle seeds. C) ratio between population and resources. D) price of jute. E) price of coconut oil

answer

question

37) Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of all but which of the following? A) colonial legacy B) poor leadership C) capacity of land to produce food D) lack of monsoon rains E) overworked agricultural land and declining output

answer

question

38) Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico, reveals A) development can be attributed to outside forces. B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands. C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions. D) substantial variations in wealth at the regional scale.

answer

question

39) The GDI A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population. D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment .

answer

question

40) The GEM A) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment. B) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. C) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. D) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.

answer

question

41) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities. B) an elite group initiates innovative activities. C) take-off industries achieve technical advances. D) workers become more skilled and specialized. E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature

answer

question

42) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets? A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods C) imports to be limited D) international consumer preferences E) abundant mineral resources

answer

question

43) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is A) increased demand for many goods. B) increased price of petroleum. C) regional cooperation. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.

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44) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of A) consumer spending. B) petroleum reserves. C) regional cooperation. D) traditional social customs. E) its strategic distribution location

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45) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities. B) results in uneven resource development. C) suffers from market stagnation. D) spreads investment through all sectors of the economy. E) identifies appropriate developmental stages

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46) Traditional barriers to international investment have included A) low taxes on imports. B) making domestic goods more expensive. C) elimination of quotas on imports. D) requiring licenses for importers. E) weak domestic demand.

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47) In recent years, countries such as India have A) embraced the international trade model. B) raised taxes on imports. C) required licenses for importers. D) embraced the self-sufficiency approach. E) returned to traditional agricultural methods.

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48) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.

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49) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote A) balanced growth of all economic sectors. B) global competitiveness for local industries. C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) more efficient industries

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50) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement? A) Products are made and traded according to standards intending to protect workers and small businesses in LDCs. B) In North America most products have been craft products, while Europe has more sales in foods. C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners. D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards. E) Protection of workers' rights is a high priority for multinational corporations.

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51) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is A) confrontation with more developed countries. B) identifying unique economic assets. C) inability to repay loans. D) promoting self-sufficiency. E) currency inflation.

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52) On a north polar projection, less developed countries appear to be located A) in the southern hemisphere. B) in a core region. C) in peripheral locations. D) clustered in an inner ring. E) spread evenly across the land masses.

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53) What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs? A) more efficient civil service B) diverting investment from the military to health and education C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite D) more dissemination of information to the public E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut

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CH. 2 Questions APES – Flashcards 80 terms

Pedro Huang

80 terms

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CH. 2 Questions APES – Flashcards

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In many countries, the policy life cycle will be in

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a different stage for different problems, which is related to the stage of economic development of a country

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In general, careful and detailed economic studies indicate that environmental protection helps the environment

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and does not hurt the economy or cost a net loss of jobs.

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What would comprehensive environmental accounting add to the calculation of GDP?

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the depreciation of natural capital and reductions in ecosystem services

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control stage because of a command and control strategy.

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The best hope for the future global economy and environmental policy depends upon

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sustainability

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Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus

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nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels.

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Environmental policies

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may be cost-neutral or may come at a monetary cost.

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The modern U.S. environmental movement began as a

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broad bipartisan effort but has fractured into a very contentious partisan debate with intense lobbying.

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In general, problems caused by economic activities are

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addressed by laws and public policies.

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Large stocks of fish in the great lakes represent

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renewable natural capital.

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If current energy consumption trends continue and the per capita income of the world increased dramatically, we would expect that

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global climate change will be a greater problem.

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The Doha Round of WTO meetings have failed to reach agreement about

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farm subsidies and trade barriers.

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Rising per capita income is associated with

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cleaner air and safer water.

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The benefit to cost ratio of replacing chlorofluorocarbons in new cars turned out to be

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higher than predicted.

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Environmental public policy is intended to

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improve human welfare and protect the natural world.

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In a free-market society,

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the needs of the poor are often not met by business interests but by government programs.

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As of 2012, it is clear that public opinion

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trusts the EPA much more than Congress to oversee the national environment.

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Which of the following represents intangible capital?

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the library of the Smithsonian Institution

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Costs of pollution control tend to

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decrease over time because of initial investments in reductions and new technologies.

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We would expect that in a community with mounting air and water pollution problems, the

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economy of the region would decline.

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What do the GDP and the World Bank both fail to include in their measures of wealth?

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natural services provided by ecosystems

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From 2001 to 2009, the Bush administration

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developed an energy policy that favored heavy exploitation of fossil fuels.

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Unlike high-income countries, low-income countries rely most on their

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natural capital.

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Which one of the following would likely result from the imposition of green fees?

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Our economy would move toward sustainability.

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Which part of the government is responsible for passing public-policy laws?

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legislative branch

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Because of rising environmental and social costs of economic activity, the

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gap between the GDP and GPI has increased.

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Which of the following is true about U.S. pollution levels?

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the average levels of lead in the blood of children have declined by 80%.

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The ecological economic paradigm places the greatest emphasis on the

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essential functions of the natural environment.

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In the classical view of economic activity in this figure, we expect businesses to prosper when

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labor costs are low and household incomes rise.

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Environmental government policies and regulations are applied at the

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local, state, and federal levels.

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From a global sustainability perspective, economic production

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is the process of converting the natural world to the manufactured world.

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**PICTURE NOT INCLUDED** In this figure, what level of pollution reduction comes at the highest cost?

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from 80-100% pollution reduction

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Which one of the following reduces net GDP?

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degradation of farm equipment

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Economic growth in China has led to extensive air and water pollution because of

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inadequately enforced environmental protection policies.

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The "rule of law index" is a measure of

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justice and the structure of social systems in a society.

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4 to 3.

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In the classical view of economic activity, households

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consume goods and services.

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A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels, costing the company $2 million in additional equipment (which will last at least 10 years) and $100,000 a year in additional labor. Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years. Without the additional equipment and labor, the unregulated pollution is expected to cause about $4 million in health care costs. This pollution from the smokestacks is an example of

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an external bad cost.

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Shadow pricing is used to estimate the

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value of an endangered species of plant.

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As a percentage of GDP, the cost of environmental protection is, according to EPA estimates

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less than either the cost of defense or health care in the United States.

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Examine the trends in the GDP and GPI. The GPI has remained fairly level because of

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the rising environmental and social costs of economic activity.

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The Obama administration

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now encourages the development of renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions.

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Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the GNP of a coal mine?

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the depletion of coal from the mine

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In the years 2001-2010, the benefit to cost ratio

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usually had more benefits than costs.

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The recent rise of the Chinese economy is associated with

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a switch to free-market policies.

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The concept of sustainability requires that

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economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital.

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In comparing green to brown economies,

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green economies will embrace technologies that reduce pollutants and increase efficiency.

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Which is an example of produced capital?

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stocks and bonds

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Today, environmental regulations in the United States

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require substantial scientific support and strong political efforts.

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Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from

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growth to the well-being of humans.

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Which of the following most accurately indicates the recent changes that have occurred in China? As the Chinese economy has grown,

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industrial pollution and literacy rates have increased while poverty rates and public health have declined.

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In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. Given the eventual response to ban DDT, the late 1960s most likely represented which stage of the policy life cycle?

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formulation

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The World Bank (initially) and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of

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ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes, climate regulation, and oxygen production.

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One way to participate in the development of environmental policies is to become a member of an NGO. What is an NGO?

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NGO stands for nongovernmental organization.

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According to 2011 World Bank studies, which of the following is an example of the dominant form of wealth for most countries?

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the intangible wealth of education and educational systems

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The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way that

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each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as something that encompasses the economy (ecological).

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Centrally planned and free-market economies both

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represent ideals not found in pure form in any country.

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In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. The preparation and publication of the book Silent Spring represented which stage of the policy life cycle?

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recognition

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Discount rates calculate the

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current value of a future benefit or cost.

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Equity in the distribution of resources is promoted by growth in

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human resources and produced capital.

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Which of the following best illustrates an intergenerational consideration?

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reducing the harvest of blue fin tuna to sustainable levels

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*** PICTURE NOT INCLUDED*** As indicated in this figure, the most expensive period of pollution control is from years

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0-5 while the least expensive is in years 20-25.

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In general, centrally planned economies are run to promote the

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interests of society, while free-market economies depend on the self-interests of individuals.

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How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

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The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

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is not cost effective for the health benefits of complete elimination.

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The World Trade Organization

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has steadily lost the power to regulate international trade.

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The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy because the environment is essential to provide

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vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes.

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Environmental public policy

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transfers wealth from polluters to pollution controllers and to less polluting companies.

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Which of the following is least associated with economics?

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Which of the following represents a market approach to environmental policy?

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using a cap-and-trade system to control the levels of carbon dioxide released into the air

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In response to environmental problems, the Chinese government has

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increasingly relied upon local, non-governmental groups to monitor and respond.

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Sustainable development and the protection of public health require

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public policies that protect the environment.

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The GDP and the GPI both include calculations of the

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income from the sale of natural products.

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Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?

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coal and oil reserves

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Millions of human lives could be saved if we developed environmental policies that

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prevent the degradation of the environment and encouraged sustainable use.

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From an ecological economist's perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow,

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the natural world is depleted.

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The elimination of leaded gasoline resulted in

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a benefit to cost ratio of at least 10 to 1.

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Command and control approaches to environmental public policy

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increase the likelihood of continued low levels of pollution, not the elimination of pollution.

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**PICTURE NOT INCLUDED** In this figure, which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process?

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the recycling of materials generated by human consumption

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Teaching people to use forests in a sustainable way to produce lawn furniture represents

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human capital affecting renewable resources, generating produced capital.

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