Congenital Heart Defect Flashcards, test questions and answers

Question 1

A child is having surgery for a congenital heart defect. The parent asks about their 1-year-old’s growth and developmental delays and what they can expect after surgery. What is the best response by the nurse? a) “You can expect to continue to see delays.” b) “This was caused by the lack of oxygen and it is usually permanent.” c) “As long as you decrease external stimuli, the child should catch up.” d) “After surgery, most children will catch up.”

Answer

“After surgery, most children will catch up.”
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Question 2

A parent asks if the reason her infant has a congenital heart defect is because of something she did while she was pregnant. What is the best response by the nurse? a) No, heart defects are mainly caused by genetic factors. b) The studies show it is impossible to know what causes heart defects. c) There are several reasons a baby can have a heart defect, let’s talk about those causes. d) Yes, there is a chance you caused this defect.

Answer

There are several reasons a baby can have a heart defect, let’s talk about those causes.
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Question 3

In making the initial assessment of a 2-hour-old infant, which finding should lead the nurse to suspect a congenital heart defect? A. Irregular respiration and heart rate B. Gagging C. Blue feet and hands D. Diminished femoral pulses

Answer

D Rationale: Diminished femoral pulses could indicate coarctation of the aorta. In the normal transition period, options A and B occur during the 4 to 6 hours after birth (second period of reactivity). Option C is a normal finding in the newborn.
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Question 4

The nurse assessing a child with a congenital heart defect should include which of the following when assessing the cardiac status? 1. Observe for abdominal distention 2. Inspect the chest for heaving 3. Auscultate breath sounds 4. Measure urine output

Answer

2. Inspect the chest for heaving Rationale: The nurse should inspect the client’s chest for heaving, which is a lifting of the chest during contractions. Observing for abdominal distention would be done during the assessment of the client’s fluid status. Auscultating breath sounds would be included in the assessment of the respiratory status. Measuring urine output is not a feature of any particular status and may or may not need to be done.
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Question 5

The nurse caring for a pediatric client recovering from surgery to repair a congenital heart defect would include which of the following interventions to support the client’s fluid status? 1. Limit fluids 2. Maintain intravenous therapy until day before discharge 3. Encourage fluids 4. Monitor output

Answer

3. Encourage fluids Rationale: The child should be encouraged to begin oral fluids and nutrition when permitted. Although oral fluids are rarely limited, intake and output should be carefully assessed. Fluids and antibiotics should be provided as ordered until the child’s oral intake is normal. Once normal, the line can be converted to a heparin or saline lock. Both intake and output should be monitored.
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Question 6

Which of the following would indicate that the parents of a child recovering from surgery to repair a congenital heart defect understand discharge instructions provided by the nurse? 1. The client will need to take antibiotics prior to having dental surgery. 2. The client should be restricted in play and activity for at least 6 months. 3. Fluids should be restricted to maximize lung function. 4. The client should not return to normal activities for at least 2 years.

Answer

1. The client will need to take antibiotics prior to having dental surgery. Rationale: Since the child is at risk for infective endocarditis, prophylactic antibiotics are indicated for invasive procedures. The child should not be restricted in play and activities for at least 6 months. The child should not restrict fluids. The parents should be encouraged to have the child live a normal life and not be restricted for 2 years.
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Question 7

The MOST common treatment for congenital heart defects is

Answer

Surgery
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