what aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism subsequently found a place in Christianity and Islam?

conflict of God and evil, the arrival of a savior, remaking of the world at the end of time, heaven and hell More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ap-world-chapter-5-margin-questions/

In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar?

both are monotheistic both believe in an afterlife both include a belief in prophets **all of these More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/test-4-review/

Which two movements helped shape Christianity and Islam?

Judaic and Greek More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ancient-medieval-history-ch-2-philosophy/

Which of the following contributed most to the initial formation of political states by the Muscovite Russians and the Ottoman Turks? A.Schisms in Christianity and Islam B.Advances in naval technology C.the rise and fall of the Mongolian khantaes D.The military conquests of Timur E.The growth of Afro-Eurasian trade

C.the rise and fall of the Mongolian khantaes More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ap-world-history-practice-test-1/

3. Compare the processes by which Christianity and Islam became world religions.

• Christianity began the early modern period as a faith largely limited to Europe. • But by riding the currents of European empire building and commercial expansion, Christianity was solidly established in the Americas and the Philippines and, to a far more modest degree, in Siberia, China, Japan, and India. • Islam became more than a regional religion much earlier than did Christianity, spreading with the rapidly expanding Arab empire in the seventh and eighth centuries and then through the conversion of some pastoral peoples of Central Asia. • Later, the Mughal and Songhay empires helped to establish Islam more firmly in India and West Africa, respectively. Meanwhile, the conversion of Swahili city-states along the east coast of Africa expanded the presence of Islam in this region. • From early in Islam’s history, Muslim traders and missionaries also brought the faith to regions beyond the control of Islamic states. • In sub-Saharan Africa, in the eastern and western wings of India, and in Central and Southeast Asia, the expansion of the Islamic frontier continued throughout the early modern era. This expansion depended on wandering Muslim holy men, Islamic scholars, and itinerant traders. • During the early modern period, Islam also extended modestly to the Americas, where enslaved African Muslims planted their faith, particularly in Brazil. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-16-margin-qs/

Both Christianity and Islam have their origins in what religion

Judaism More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/intro-to-geography-ch7-quiz/

The influence of medievil Christianity and Islam on religious society

was a way of life that governed people from birth to death More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/midievil-europe-part-ii-multiple-choice/

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Ch 15 Quiz Religion – Flashcards 20 terms

Maddison Bailey

20 terms

Preview

Ch 15 Quiz Religion – Flashcards

question

A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is: a) A conflict theorist b) A feminist c) A symbolic interactionist d) A structural functionalist

answer

a) A conflict theorist

question

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of: a) Social Theology b) Liberation Theology c) Protest Theology d) Zero-Tolerance Theology

answer

b) Liberation Theology

question

Megachurches have become popular in certain parts of the United States. Where else in the world are megachurches widely popular? a) Mongolia b) South Korea c) the United Kingdom d) Samoa

answer

b) South Korea

question

What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? a) Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people. b) Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. c) Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. d) Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

answer

d) Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

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How many pillars are essential to the Islamic faith? a) 5 b) 4 c) 6 d) 3

answer

a) 5

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Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people's lives and provides answers to difficult questions. A sociologist following which theory would agree with this statement? a) A symbolic interactionist b) A conflict theorist c) A feminist d) A structural functionalist

answer

d) A structural functionalist

question

You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect? a) Symbolic interactionism b) Feminism c) Conflict theory d) Structural functionalism

answer

a) Symbolic interactionism

question

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a) Secular; religious b) Unclean; holy c) Sacred; profane d) Ordinary; sanctified

answer

c) Sacred; profane

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On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between: a) Church and State b) Different religions c) Social classes d) State law and Federal law

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a) Church and State

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What did Marx and Freud see as the downfall of religion that would lead to the secularization of society? a) Apathy of society b) Social strains of society c) Modernization of society d) Class stratification of society

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c) Modernization of society

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Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision? a) Enlightenment Theory b) Rational Choice Theory c) Logical Approach to Decision-making Theory d) Pro vs. Con list

answer

b) Rational Choice Theory

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Sanchita worships three different and separate gods. Her religion falls into which category? a) Monotheism b) Totemism c) Atheism d) Polytheism

answer

d) Polytheism

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If someone who follows the teaching of Confucius mentions the word jen, they are referring to: a) A mystical type of meditation. b) Their sacred texts. c) The argument over whether Confucianism is a religion or a social system. d) A teaching that everyone should be treated kindly.

answer

d) A teaching that everyone should be treated kindly.

question

The ___________ records Jewish interpretations of the _____________ which is their sacred text. a) Hasidic texts; Aggadic Midrashim b) Talmud; Torah c) Tanakh; Tawrat d) Torah; Talmud

answer

b) Talmud; Torah

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Which text is considered sacred to Christians of all sects? a) The Bible b) The Hymnal c) The Book of Mormon d) The Apocrypha

answer

a) The Bible

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What name do Buddhists give to their four basic rules? a) Noble Truths b) Pathways to Meditation c) Communion d) Commandments

answer

a) Noble Truths

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Many people are familiar with the yin-yang symbol. From which religion does this come? a) Baha'i b) Taoism c) Jainism d) Confucianism

answer

b) Taoism

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Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion? a) Religion is a system of beliefs. b) Religion is a cultural universal. c) Religion is a symbol of high culture. d) Religion is a social institution.

answer

c) Religion is a symbol of high culture.

question

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society? a) Religion inspired the Proletariat to work harder while under the rule of the Bourgeoisie. b) Religion was something only the Bourgeoisie had time to contemplate. c) Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class. d) Religion was the key to uniting the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.

answer

c) Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class.

question

When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is: a) A cult within the Christian faith. b) A faith that is not part of any larger category. c) An ecclesia within the Christian faith. d) A sect within the Christian faith.

answer

d) A sect within the Christian faith.

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A Level History AP World History Christianity And Islam Important For Trade Tigris And Euphrates Rivers Trees And Shrubs World History

History incorrect ones – Flashcards 68 terms

Alice Rees

68 terms

Preview

History incorrect ones – Flashcards

question

Middle Kingdom of Assyria is located southwest ____

answer

Asia

question

The Middle Kingdom of Assyria was located in an area also known as the

answer

Fertile Crescent

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China, Russia and Iran are all areas the ______ conquered and incorporated into their empire

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Mongols

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The development of financial institutions is a result of the _________ revolution

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comercial

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_____ _____ believes that the chief problem with the Roman Catholic Church is the practice of selling indulgences. The only way for Christians to receive salvation is through faith alone

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Martin Luther

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_____ _____ believes that is true that the bible, and not members of the clergy, is the ultimate source of religious truth. However God has already decided who will be saved and who will not

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John Calvin

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Labor unions were formed as a result of the _______ revolution

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industrial

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According to Thomas ______ , famine and war were natural checks on population growth

answer

Malthus

question

Turkish leader Kemal Atatürk is associate with the adoption of _______ culture

answer

Western

question

Athens and Gupta both promoted

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art and literature

question

In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died as a result of a forced ______

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famine

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topographic maps shows _______ features

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physical

question

The ancient Sumerians modified their environment to increase food production by

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digging irrigation canals

question

Which region had the greatest influence on the historical and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire?

answer

Rome

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The rule of Akbar the Great is important because he accepted _______ and practiced religious toleration

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diversity

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The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed with the intent of controlling the supply of oil to ____ prices

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raise

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Which factor contributed to the fall of the Han dynasty, the fall of the Roman Empire, and the fall of the Abbasid Empire? invasions by ______ peoples from Central Asia

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nomadic

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Which empires gained wealth by controlling the trade of gold, ivory, and salt across the Sahara Desert?

answer

Mali and Songhai

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The encomienda system, the latifundia form of land ownership, and the office of viceroy are all closely associated with ______ rule in Latin America

answer

Spanish

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Knowing the latitude of a location would be most helpful in determining

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temperature

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During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to

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standardize goods and prices

question

Both Ibn Battuta and Mansa Musa demonstrated their religious values by

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making a pilgrimage to Mecca

question

WhichreformwasincludedinAtatürk'seffortsto modernize Turkey?

answer

granting women the right to vote

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WhathavemembersoftheEuropeanUnion(EU) and countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) both attempted to do?

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reduce regional trade barriers

question

A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to

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maintain traditional religious values in society

question

Which leader is most closely associated with Desmond Tutu and F. W. de Klerk?

answer

Jomo Kenyatta

question

Which philosophy is most closely associated with the development of the Chinese civil service system?

answer

Confucianism

question

13 One way Japanese feudalism during the Tokugawa shogunate was different from European feudalism is that during this period of Japanese feudalism

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political power was more centralized

question

The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered primarily due to their

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control of trade routes

question

One similarity in the policies of Louis XIV and of Suleiman the Magnificent is that both leaders

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increased the power of their central governments

question

What is a major belief associated with Marxism?

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The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie.

question

The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it

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established rules for the European division of Africa

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One way in which Kemal Atatürk of Turkey and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran are similar is that both leaders

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implemented programs to modernize their nations

question

FidelCastrowassuccessfulatleadingarevolution in Cuba because he gained the support of

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peasant farmers

question

The policies of the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have both resulted in

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an increase in interdependence

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One way in which the Atlantic slave trade and the Jewish diaspora are similar is that both

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forced people to migrate

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Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?

answer

gunpowder and movable wooden type

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The trans-Saharan trade carried out by West African civilizations was primarily based on an exchange of

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gold and salt

question

13 China's image of itself as the Middle Kingdom is associated with

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controlling how contact occurs with other cultures

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One reason the Suez Canal has been of strategic importance to countries other than Egypt was that the canal

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allowed for faster movement between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean

question

A similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that both were

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attempts to remove foreign influence

question

Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and Germany's attack on Poland in 1939 led directly to

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the beginning of World War II in Asia and Europe

question

Which document is most closely associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict?

answer

Balfour Declaration

question

One way in which the actions of Alexander the Great, Saladin, and Shaka Zulu are similar is that each implemented

answer

military strategies to defeat opponents

question

One way in which the travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that each

answer

stimulated interest in other cultures

question

Characteristics of the Inca Golden Age

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political stability, achievement in arts, science and technology, archeticture and transportation

question

How did the geography of the Italian peninsula influence the development of the Roman Empire?

answer

The location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region.

question

TechnologicalachievementsmadeduringtheTang and Song dynasties were important because they

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contributed to economic growth and cultural advancement

question

One way in which the Great Leap Forward and the Four Modernizations are similar is that each was an attempt to

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increase farm and factory output

question

The Boxer Rebellion and the work of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) are most closely associated with the

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rise of nationalism in china

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Polesin1918andJewspriorto1948areexamplesof

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peoples without their own state

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Which body of water is located between Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia?

answer

indian ocean

question

Which civilization most influenced the style of Russian architecture shown in this photograph? Cathedral of st. something 1017-1036

answer

byzantine empire

question

One important impact of the Mongol expansion across Asia and Europe was the

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rise in trade along the Silk Roads

question

In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli was most concerned with

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the use of political power

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Which situation was an immediate cause for the collapse of the Aztec civilization?

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conquest by foreigners

question

involved with renaissance?

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Galileo Galilei published information about a heliocentric universe.

question

Before1914,nationalismintheBalkanPeninsula contributed to

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resistance by ethnic groups to Austrian rule

question

Which action was taken by the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin?

answer

eliminating political opposition

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An economic change introduced in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin would include

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collectivizing agriculture

question

AgoalofboththeEuropeanUnion(EU)andthe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is to

answer

reduce trade barriers between member nations

question

Which condition, in combination with drought, has most directly forced the migration of people out of the southern regions bordering the Sahara?

answer

desertification

question

The Nuremberg laws are best described as

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anti-Semitic laws of 20th-century Germany

question

In studying the United Nations, an example of a secondary source would be

answer

a description in an encyclopedia of the first session of the United Nations Security Council

question

A study of the achievements of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures would show that they

answer

sustained dense populations through intensive agriculture

question

DuringtheIndustrialRevolution,whichdevelop- ment resulted from the other three?

answer

formation of labor unions

question

According to Thomas Malthus, the rate of increase for human populations in relation to the rate of increase for food production was a problem. Malthus believed that

answer

famine and war were natural checks on population growth

question

During the Cold War, which event occurred last

answer

destruction of berlin wall

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AP World History Christianity And Islam India And China Religious Beliefs And Practices Transatlantic Slave Trade

APWH: Unit 5 – Flashcards 68 terms

Joseph Fraser

68 terms

Preview

APWH: Unit 5 – Flashcards

question

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the americas except:

answer

african monetary systems

question

The success of the European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the

answer

Opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico

question

During the eighteenth century which of the following reigned but did not rule?

answer

Japanese emperor

question

In the period 1550-1750, most of the world's ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?

answer

East Asia

question

Which of the following resulted from the arrival of Western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450-1750?

answer

The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China

question

Which of the following statement best describes the relationship between European and Asian commercial interest in the 1500s?

answer

Europeans found, after trial and error, that the only way to benefit from the Asian trading network was to join it as a peaceful partner

question

Which of the following was problem common to the Abbasid, ottomans, and Mughals?

answer

The competing power structure of regional warrior aristocrats

question

Triangular trade referred to the network connecting:

answer

The west coast of Africa, North America, and Western European

question

Compared to European exploration in the Indian Ocean, that of the Chinese:

answer

Was designed to establish a military presence

question

Which of the following was true of the cultures of Ming and Qing China?

answer

the Chinese were introduced to american food crops

question

Between 1500 and 1800 the Islamic empires

answer

We're ethnically diverse

question

Which of the following was the primary goal of Zheng he's expedition?

answer

To impress foreign people with the power and might of the Ming Dynasty

question

Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly ended in 1433 because

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Many aiming the fleet was Considered a needless waste of national resources

question

The first European country to enter into direct trade with the Far East and established colonies there was:

answer

Portugal

question

By the 16th century the center of commerical activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the:

answer

Atlantic Ocean

question

One of the most significant impacts of sugar cane production in global economies was

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The increased demand for slave labor

question

In spite of the ravages of the slave trade the opus took of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to

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The introduction of new staple food from the Americas

question

The middle passage of the slave trade was

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The ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks

question

On the plantations of the caribbeans and Brazil, slaves

answer

Suffered heavy losses due to tropical diseases and brutal conditions

question

How did the mining industries of the Americas stimulate global economic Growth?

answer

The Spanish Quito (profit from tax on mineral products) circulated throughout European and Asian markets

question

An undeterred servant differed from a slave in that he or she

answer

Worked for a limited period of time usually 7 years to repay passage to America

question

The Mughal empire is distinguished from The ottomans and Safavids Mostly because it was

answer

A Hindu land ruled by Muslims

question

Why did the ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires decline simultaneously?

answer

Inability To adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy

question

After the period of civil wars ended in Japan

answer

Japanese leaders established the Tokugawa shogunate a centralized Military government

question

What European organization was a transmitter of science and technology to china

answer

Society of Jesus or Jesuits

question

The janiasaaries were

answer

Christian taken from Conquered Territories and raised as special forces

question

The isolationism of the Tokugawa government included

answer

forbidding Japanese from going abroad

question

Which of the following did NOT lead to the low fertility among African slaves in the Caribbean?

answer

Many more Men than women were imported

question

Why did European planters try to curtail African cultural traditions?

answer

They thought that space revolts were led by slaves with the strongest African heritage

question

The triangular trade was

answer

A route that carried rum to west Africa slaves to the West Indies and modals and rum back to England

question

In general what trade goods were the Africans most Interested in improving from Europe?

answer

Textiles, hardware, and guns

question

How did African kings and merchants obtain salves for sale?

answer

Most of them were prisoners of war

question

The organization of Atlantic trade in Africa was based on a partnership between

answer

European and African elites

question

During the 18th century, powerful African leaders in Angola gained control of refugees driven from their home regions by

answer

Severe drought

question

The European cultural impact on Africa during the Atlantic system is Best described as

answer

Minimal

question

Women were more in demand than men in the teams-Saharan slave trade because

answer

Women were intended as concubines and servants

question

Which areas of Africa were the most negatively affected by the slave trade?

answer

Inland areas behind major ports

question

Most Scholars agree that effects of the Atlantic and Islamic trade on sub-Saharan africa

answer

We're severe in the regions that contributed heavily to the slave trade

question

How did European goods such as Textiles and metals affect Africa?

answer

They were intended only for consumption and did not help to develop the economy

question

Which was the most Long-lived of the post Mongol Muslim empires?

answer

Ottoman Empire

question

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire?

answer

The erasure of all previous political systems by the Mongol invasions

question

How did the ottomans capture of Christians territories in the Balkans late in the 14th century enhance ottoman military strength?

answer

It gave them christian prisoners of war to sue as military slaves

question

The devshirme system imposed a tax on the Christian villages in the Balkan. This tax was paid in

answer

Make children for the janissary crops

question

When the ottoman sultan needed money to support the janissaries in the 16th century, he raised it by

answer

Reducing the number of landholding Calvary so that he could keep their share of the taxes

question

Why were the ottoman sultans male relatives confined to the Palace after the Mid-17th century?

answer

This way the sultan could keep them from meddling in politics or from planning coups

question

Which of the following best describes European impact on ottoman territory?

answer

The Europeans stopped short of colonial settlement and first poltical administration

question

Which of the following statements about the Safavid empire is not true?

answer

Its founder, Ismail, unlike later shahs was mostly a secular man unconcerned with religion

question

The Safavid empire of Iran resembled the Ottoman Empire in many ways. However unlike the ottomans the Safavid empire

answer

Derived part of its legitimacy from pre-Islamic dynasties

question

The Portuguese left the Safavid island of Hormuz in 1622 because

answer

The English brought Iranian soldiers to Hormuz so that the Safavids could expel them

question

What single factor distinguished themmughal empire form the ottoman and Safavid Empire?

answer

The majority of Indian society was non-Muslim

question

Albar's religous Attitude can be best described as

answer

Tolerant and inquisitive

question

Big the ottoman and the Safavid empires came to depend on

answer

Armies made up of former Christian slaves

question

The primary theatre of Mughal accomplishment was

answer

India

question

Which of the following is not true about Mughal India?

answer

The cline of the Mughal empire allowed yeh another Muslim sultanate to reunify India

question

Historians have theorized that the first progators of Islam in southwest Asia were

answer

Merchants

question

The highest prices in the Asian network were paid for

answer

Spices

question

Rather than try to control trade in Indian Ocean as had Portugal, the Dutch

answer

Attempted to monopolies the spice trade from the East Indies

question

The Portuguese were able to control trade in Asian waters because

answer

They had superior weapons and controlled trade through force

question

The Dutch and empires in Asia relied on all of these expect:

answer

Migration of thousands of Europeans to settle in asia

question

Europeans learned that the greatest trading profits to be made with Asia could be made by

answer

"Turning" pirate and raiding other nation merchant ships

question

In Asia, European naval technologies and trade practice had little effect against

answer

Asian states with strong militaries and determined rulers

question

Europeans learned that the most successful missionary work in Asia occurred by

answer

Converting areas that have never previously been converted by Muslims

question

Following the defeat and expulsion of the Mongols from China

answer

The ming dynasty arose

question

The first Ming emperor of china attempted to end of the abuses except

answer

The influence of scholar-gentry

question

During the Ming dynasty, the true power of China resided with

answer

Rural landlord families with relatives in the imperial bureaucracy

question

The Ming abandoned the naval expeditions for all these reasons except:

answer

The Portuguese defeated the Chinese navies on the last voyage

question

When the Europeans reached Japan, the Japanese

answer

We're engaged in a cycle of civil wars

question

The Japanese dealt with the long-term european challenge by

answer

Self-imposed isolation and forbidding most European contacts

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AP Human Geography Christianity And Islam Norms And Values

AP Human Geography: People, Place and Culture Chapter 4 – Flashcards 20 terms

Jonathan Walsh

20 terms

Preview

AP Human Geography: People, Place and Culture Chapter 4 – Flashcards

question

Culture

answer

A group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people

question

Popular Culture

answer

is large, incorporates a heterogeneous population, is typically urban, and experiences quickly changing cultural traits

question

Local Culture

answer

A group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and triats and work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others

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Material Culture

answer

Includes things they construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and foods

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Nonmaterial Culture

answer

Includes beliefs, practices, aesthetics (what they see as attractive), and values

question

Hierarchical Diffusion

answer

In popular culture, fashion trends spread quite quickly through the interconnected world

question

Hearth

answer

The point of origin

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Assimilation

answer

People of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family. The US government wanted to do this to the Native Indians

question

Custom

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A practice that a group of people routinely follows

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Cultural Appropriation

answer

The process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit

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Neolocalism

answer

Seeking out regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world

question

Ethnic Neighborhoods

answer

Some local cultures have successfully built a world apart, a place to practice their customs, within a major city by constructing these tight knit areas

question

Commodification

answer

The process by which something (a name, a good, or an idea) that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought or sold becomes an object that can be bought, sold and traded in the world market

question

Distance Decay

answer

The intensity of human activity, process, or function declines as distance from its source increases

question

Time-Space Compression

answer

Explains how quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication technologies

question

Reterritorialization

answer

A process in which people start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and place, and making it their own

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Cultural Landscape

answer

The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

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Placelessness

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The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next

question

Global-local Continuum

answer

In less obvious ways, cultural borrowing and mixing is happening all around the world

question

Glocalization

answer

People in a local place mediate and alter regional, national, and global processess

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Christianity And Islam Modern World History Signs And Symbols World History

AP World History: Period 2 – Flashcards 90 terms

Paula Corcoran

90 terms

Preview

AP World History: Period 2 – Flashcards

question

Land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan river, occupied by Israelites.

answer

Israel

question

Also known as the Old Testament. Several collections of materials that originated with different groups, employed distinctive vocabularies, and advocated particular interpretations of past events.

answer

Hebrew Bible

question

Born in the city of Ur in Southern Mesopotamia. His grandsons Isaac and Jacob succeeded him as a leader of the wandering group he had established. Left his city of birth because he was disgusted by the idol worship, and he and his animals moved to Israel where he supposedly was promised to he and his disciples by a covenant with the god Yahweh. He and his followers were nomadic.

answer

Abraham

question

When Jews spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity, and can still be found there today. The synagogue was built/created during this time.

answer

Jewish Diaspora

question

-In present day Lebanon -Developed small city states that revolved around commerce. -Invented the first alphabet -City of Carthage near Tunis, Hannibal was great military leader of Punic Wars -Religion was Polytheistic.

answer

Phoenicia

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A city located in present day Tunisia, founded by the Phoenicians. Major commercial center and naval power in the Western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century BCE.

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Carthage

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A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. Centered on single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, who engaged in a twelve thousand year struggle with demonic forces before prevailing and restoring a pristine world. Emphasis on truth telling, purity, and reverence for nature. Choose sides in the struggle between good and evil. Rewarded in afterlife by doing good things for Ahuramazda.

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Zoroastrianism

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Greek term for "city-state". An urban center and the agricultural territory under it's control. Characteristic form of political organization in souther and central Greece in the Archaic and Classical periods. Some polis' were oligarchic, others were democratic.

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Polis

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A heavily armored Greek infantryman of the Archaic and Classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation. Superior to all military forces for awhile, made up of middle and upper class citizens supplying their own equipment.

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Hoplites

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A system of government in which all citizens have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protections, as in the Greek city-state Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E.

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Democracy

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A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

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Republic

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A Greek term used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community. Appeared in Greek city-states and often took advantage of the disaffection of the emerging middle class and, by weakening the old elite, unwittingly contribution of democracy.

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Tyrant

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A gift given to a deity, often with the aim of creating a relationship and gaining favor, and obligating the god to provide some benefit to the sacrificer, sometimes in order to sustain the deity and thereby guarantee the continuing vitality of the natural world.

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Sacrifice

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Heir to the technique investigation developed by the Greeks in the late Archaic period. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. Chronicled the Persian Wars between the Greek city-states and the Persian empire.

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Herodotus

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Conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt through Darius' punitive expedition that failed at Marathon and the defeat of Xerxes' massive invasion of Greece by the Spartan-ed Hellenic League. Herodotus chronicles these events.

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Persian Wars

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Son of Darius, ruler of Persia. Was defeated by the Greeks.

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Xerxes

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Greek and Phoenician warship of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. It was sleek and light, powered by 170 oars arranged in three vertical tiers. Manned by skilled sailors, it was capable of short bursts of speed and complex maneuvers.

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Trireme

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Athenian philosopher who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. Made enemies by revealing the ignorance and pretensions of others, culminating in his trial and execution by the Athenian state.

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Socrates

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A protracted and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors and Persian financial support.

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Peloponnesian War

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King of Macedonia in northern Greece. He conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread the Greek culture around the Middle East.

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Alexander the Great

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The age in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam in the seventh century C.E.

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Hellenistic Age

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The period from 507-31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

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Roman Republic

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A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus he became Christian. Traveled preaching his religion and establishing churches. Began the process of separating Christianity and Judaism.

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Paul

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A conduit, either elevated or under ground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location-usually a city that needed it. The Romans built many of these in a period of substantial urbanization.

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Aqueducts

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A Roman emperor. After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity the favored religion.

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Constantine

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In the Wei Valley of eastern China. The ruler was Shi Huangdi. They had a totalitarian structure and forced the individual to support the state. Ignored Confucianisms non-violent ideas and embraced legalism. Abolished passing on land to the eldest son (primogeniture). Abolished slavery, created a unified China with standards like weights, measures, coinage, and laws. Lots of roads to help move the army. Very oppressive labor projects led to a rebellion and brought the Qin down.

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Qin Dynasty

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Founder of the short lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire. Remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states.

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Shi Huangdi

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Took over the Qin Dynasty. Followed the mandate of heaven. Set the stage for imperial China that exists today. Agriculture was big and was used to pay taxes. Human labor was common, built canals between the Yellow and Yangzi river. All able bodied men donate a month to public works. Most important export was silk. Capital was Chang'an. Decline was due to lack of border maintenance, nomads taking over.

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Han Dynasty

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The class of prosperous families in China, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. Respected for their education and expertise.

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Gentry

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Built to protect the borders of the Chinese empire.

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Great Wall of China

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Civilization of north coast of Peru. An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.

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Moche

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Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucantan peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a singe empire. Major contributions in mathematics, astronomy, and the development of the calendar.

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Maya

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A powerful city-state in Central Mexico. It's population was about 150,000 at it's peak in 600 C.E.

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Teotihucan

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Farming system where farmers move on from one place to another when the land becomes exhausted.

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Swidden Agriculture

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Early Indian sacred knowledge-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down. Religious texts that include the thousand poetic hymns to various deities.

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Vedas

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Based on skin color and evolved into the caste system: -Brahmin, Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (merchants), Shundra Peasants, and the Untouchables. Reincarnation through immortal essence=atman.

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Varna System

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In Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a spirit and determines what form it will assume in it's next cycle of life.

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Karma

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The Hindu concept of the spirit's liberation from the endless cycle of rebirths. There are various avenues, such as physical disciplines, meditation, and acts of devotion to the gods.

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Moksha

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Founder of Buddhism. Preached the middle path, and the 4 noble truths. 1. Life is suffering 2. Suffering arises from desire. 3. The solution to suffering lies in curbing desire. 4. Desire can be controlled through the eightfold path.

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Siddhartha Gautama

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One of the two branches of Buddhism. The focus is on the reverence of Buddha. Enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.

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Mahayana Buddhism

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One of two branches of Buddhism. Downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individuals search for enlightenment.

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Theravada Buddhism

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The first centralized empire in India. Collected 25% agricultural taxes. Had a very large army, and also had coinage. Had Hindu rulers, one by the name of Ashoka. After this empire collapses, there was no central government in India for 500 years.

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Mauryan Empire

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Ruled North and Central India, but NOT the South. Considered the Golden Age of India. A "theatre state". Hinduism dominated, and the collapse was due to the huns.

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Gupta Empire

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The third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India. He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.

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Ashoka (Asoka)

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The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.

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Bhagavad-Gita

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Term historians use for a state that aquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies to attract and bind subjects to the center.

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"Theater State"

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Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his deaeth into the Quran. Islam calls on all people to recognize one creator god- Allah- who rewards or punishes believers after death according to how they led theirs lives.

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Islam

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An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who subits to the will of God.

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Muslim

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Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

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Muhammad

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City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, a ritual center of the Islamic religion.

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Mecca

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The community of all Muslims. A major innovation agaisnt the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.

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Umma

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Office established in succesion to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic Empire; also the name of that Empire.

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Caliphate

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Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca.610 and his death in 632; the sacred text is of the religion of Islam.

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Quran

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Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.

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Ulama

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Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.

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Sunni

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Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.

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Shi'ite

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Mystic fraternities in Islam. The spread of the doctrines and rituals of certain Sufis from city to city gave rise to the first geographical extensive Islamic religious organizations.

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Sufi

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The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.

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Papacy

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A formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions

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Schism

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Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

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Holy Roman Empire

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Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.

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Investiture Controversy

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Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe.

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Monasticism

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Lasting importance from the time of Justinian and his influential wife the empress Theodora is the architectural tradition represented by Hagia Sophia, the great domed cathedral of Constantinople.

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Hagia Sophia

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Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles.

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Horse Collar

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When the Christians tried to take back land from the Muslims through a series of wars and battles.

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The Crusades

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Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. Other religions also have pilgrimage traditions, such as the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the pilgrimages made by early Chines Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings.

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Pilgrimage

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Concerned with non-religious subjects.

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Secular

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A system of moral principal.

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Ethics

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The body of a doctrine, myth or belief that guides and individual or social movement, institution, class, or large group.

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Ideologies

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Government by many bureaus, administrators and petty officials.

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Bureaucracies

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The principle or habit of accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct.

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Rationalism

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A variety of ethical theory and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world and often rejects the importance of belief in God.

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Humanism

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The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 B.C. that became the foundation of Roman law.

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The Twelve Tables

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A general term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the indian subcontinent since antiquity. Hinduism has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices. It spread along the trade routes to Southeast Asia.

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Hinduism

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"The Creator," the first member of the Trimurti, with Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the Destroyer. Related with Hinduism.

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Brahma

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A religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject.

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Buddhism

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Ancient type of water-supply system developed and still used in arid regions of the world. A qanat taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of tunnels, often several kilometres long, to the places where it is needed for irrigation and domestic use. The development of qanats probably began about 2,500 years ago in Iran, their technology then spreading eastward to Afghanistan and westward to Egypt.

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Qanat

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The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and for forwarding tribute to the central administration. Satraps in outlying provinces enjoyed considerable autonomy.

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Satrap

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The theory that the universe has been ruled from its origins by two conflicting powers, one good and one evil, both existing as equally ultimate first causes

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Dualistic

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Characterized by a government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control

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Totalitarian

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Right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son

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Primogeniture

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Relating to or associated with an empire

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Imperial

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A collections of 1, 017 Sanskrit hymns composed about 1500BC earlier; Hinduism's oldest text.

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Rig Veda

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Religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism

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Jainism

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The most powerful members of a society

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Aristocracy

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A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

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Despotism

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A group of countries under a single authority

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Empire

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An autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

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Monarchy

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A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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Republic

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558- 333B.C.E, first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus who capitalized on weakening Syrian and Babylonian empires. Peak was under Darius

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Achaemenid

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