Child Care Center Flashcards, test questions and answers
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Abnormal Psychology
Child Care Center
Human Growth And Development
HD FS 2 – Flashcard 106 terms
106 terms
Preview
HD FS 2 – Flashcard
question
Body weight that is more than 20% above the average of a person of a given age and height is called
answer
obesity
question
At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult?
answer
11 to 12 years old
question
What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?
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The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells,raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.
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Children ages 5 to 9 are most likely to be killed
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in an automobile accident.
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Approximately how many children and adolescents have a psychological disorder that produces some impairment?
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1 in 5
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What percentage of preteens suffers with depression?
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5%
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What percentage of children ages 9 and 17 suffer with an anxiety disorder?
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13%
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Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected?
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Most children do not exhibit symptoms entirely consistent with those of adults.
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What is the term for a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness?
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visual impairment
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If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as
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blindness
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What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker?
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speech impairment
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What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment?
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stuttering
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What is the definition of a learning disability?
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A significant discrepancy between the child's actual academic performance and his/her apparent potential to learn.
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What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity?
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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What are some common treatments for ADHD?
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1. behavior therapy that includes use of rewards 2. dietary changes to address fatty acids and/or food additives in the child's diet 3. increased structure in the classroom and home environment to address organizational issues
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If a preschool child thinks largely in an egocentric manner, then from Piaget's perspective we would say that the child is in the ________ stage.
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preoperational
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What is the term that refers to the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?
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concrete operational
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Concrete operational thought involves applying _____ to solve problems.
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logical operations
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What is the term for the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?
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decentering
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In the information processing approach, what is the term for the ability to record, store, and retrieve information?
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memory
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What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood?
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metamemory
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. If a middle-school-age child employs conscious, intentionally used tactics to improve cognitive processing, this is called use of
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control strategies
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Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal?
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cooperative learning
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Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where reading comprehension strategies are taught, allowing the student to take on the role of the teacher?
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reciprocal teaching
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What is the term for an understanding of one's own use of language?
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metalinguistic awareness
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What is the term for the use of more than one language?
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bilingualism
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According to Wechsler, what is the term for the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?
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intelligence
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Who is the psychologist that used a pragmatic, trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today?
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Binet
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What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age?
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intelligence quotient
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What is the name of the test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score?
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC IV)
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. Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory?
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fluid intelligence
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Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations?
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crystallized intelligence
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According to Robert Sternberg, who developed the _____________, intelligence consists of three aspects of information processing.
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triarchic theory of intelligence
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The book The Bell Curve argues that the average 15-point difference between Caucasian Americans' and African Americans' IQs is primarily due to
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heredity.
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What is the term for the educational setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs?
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least restrictive environment
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Which of the following is the term for an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives?
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mainstreaming
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If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of 50 or 55 to 70, this is known as
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mild mental retardation.
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If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55, this is known as
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moderate mental retardation.
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If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40, this is known as
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severe mental retardation
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If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range below 20 or 25, this is known as
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profound mental retardation.
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. Children who show evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership, or specific academic fields are referred to as
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gifted and talented.
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According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following stages reflects concrete interests of the individual considered in terms of rewards and punishments?
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Pre-conventional morality
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According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following stages reflects a person's approach to moral problems as a member of society, where the person is interested in pleasing others by acting as a good member of society?
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conventional morality
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According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage reflects a person's use of moral principles, which are seen as broader than those of any particular society?
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Post-conventional morality
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Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg found that ____________ is relatively rare.
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Post-conventional morality
question
. One aspect of the transformation from childhood to adolescence involves a period of very rapid growth in height and weight called
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growth spurt.
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Which of the following terms describes the period in which the sexual organs mature?
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puberty
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Which gland in the body signals the brain and other glands in children's bodies to begin producing sex hormones?
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pituitary
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Male sex hormones are called __________, while female sex hormones are called
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androgens; estrogens.
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What is the term for the onset of menstruation?
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menarche
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What is the most obvious sign of puberty in girls?
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onset of menarche
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When physical characteristics, such as early onset of menstruation or increased height and weight (due to better nutrition) change over the course of several generations, this is an example of a
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secular trend.
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The characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction are called
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primary sex characteristics.
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The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs are called
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secondary sex characteristics.
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The surge in hormone production that triggers the beginning of adolescence may lead to rapid mood swings. Boys may have feelings of ________, while girls may feel ______
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anger and annoyance; anger and depression.
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. During the teenage years, the average girl requires ________ calories a day, and the average boy requires ________.
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2,200; 2,800.
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What is the ratio of adolescents who can be classified as obese?
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1 in 20
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Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.
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Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.
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Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary?
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anorexia nervosa
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Which of the following terms relates to an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?
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bulimia
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The part of the brain that allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments in a uniquely human way is called the
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prefrontal cortex.
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Which of the following is the most likely reason for adolescent impulsivity and risky behavior(s)?
answer
the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature
question
. How many hours of sleep do older adolescents require for optimal functioning?
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9 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.
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According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the
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formal operational stage.
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According to researchers, what is the percentage of high school seniors and eighth grade students, respectively, who have used marijuana in the past year?
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50%; 20%
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Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them, are known as
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addictive drugs.
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What percentage of college students report having an alcoholic drink in the past 30 days?
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75%
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Approximately what percentage of high school seniors report having tried alcohol by the end of high school?
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75%
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For men, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as
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5 or more drinks in one sitting.
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For women, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as
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4 or more drinks in one sitting.
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A person with alcohol problems who has learned to depend on alcohol and is unable to control his/her drinking is a(n)
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alcoholic.
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According to the World Health Organization, how many of the world's people will die prematurely in the 21st century due to the effects of smoking?
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1 million
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Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around age
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12.
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While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking. Studies show that only _________ of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking, and other estimates run as low as _________.
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40% to 60%; 25%.
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The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as
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adolescent egocentrism.
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Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood and adolescence?
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egocentrism
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The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called
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personal fable.
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. Because independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen in the past decade, but overall grades in school have risen over the past decade, the most likely explanation for this is
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instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same performance, known as "grade inflation."
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Which of the following countries' students has the highest academic achievement in math and science in the world?
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Finland
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Which of the following students is likely to demonstrate the greatest academic achievement?
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Asian American
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What is a basic requirement of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?
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Every U.S. state must design and administer achievement tests that students must pass in order to graduate from high school.
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What was the result of a study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation regarding instant messaging (IMing)?
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Young people spend an average of 6.5 hours a day with media.
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While it is clear that the Internet is having an impact on education, schools should consider changing their curricula to include specific instruction in a key skill for deriving value from the Internet, specifically
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the ability to search, choose, and integrate information in order to create new knowledge.
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The phenomenon known as the "digital divide" is
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the challenge involving socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity, where poorer adolescents and members of minority groups have less access to computers than more affluent adolescents.
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What is the percentage of teenagers who experience major depression, in which their psychological disorder is such that the depression is severe and lingers for a long time?
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30%
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The rate of adolescent suicide in the United States has _____ in the last 30 years.
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tripled
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Why do adolescent boys succeed in committing suicide more often than adolescent girls?
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Boys tend to use more violent means, like guns, to attempt suicide.
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Males only produce androgens, while females only produce estrogens.
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False
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All young females begin menarche at exactly the same time.
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False
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In poorer developing countries, menstruation begins earlier than in more economically advantaged countries.
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False
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Over the past 100 years, girls in the United States and other cultures have been experiencing puberty at later ages.
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False
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Menstruation is the only change in puberty for females.
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False
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Boys' and girls' sexual maturation follows the same time course of development.
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False
question
The two extremes of nutritional disorders in teenagers are obesity and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
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True
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While anorexia nervosa can be deadly, bulimia, although problematic for nutritional reasons, does not have the potential for death.
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False
question
Anorexia nervosa is only seen in adolescent girls.
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False
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Anorexia nervosa is prevalent all over the world.
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False
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The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed in a person until around his/her early 20s.
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True
question
Data over the past few years indicates that drug use overall, including marijuana use, has declined
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True
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Male athletes are likely to demonstrate a lower percentage of alcohol consumption because of health reasons.
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False
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Alcoholism has no genetic component.
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False
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When U.S. students' math and science scores are compared to other students in the world, their math scores fall within the top third in the world.
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False
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Adolescent boys report experiencing depression at approximately the same level as girls.
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False
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The rate of adolescent suicide has tripled in the last 30 years.
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True
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Adolescent boys commit suicide at a higher rate than girls; however, adolescent girls attempt suicide more often than boys.
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True
question
The influence of one's peers to conform to their behavior and attitudes is called peer pressure.
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True
Child Care Center
Child Care Centers
Early Childhood Education
Introductory Psychology
Psychology
Quiz Questions Flashcard 70 terms
70 terms
Preview
Quiz Questions Flashcard
question
dendrites
answer
In the early years of development, there is a great deal of activity in the brain as brain cells make connections with each other. These connections are made through branches called
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blank slate
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Which of the following best captures the meaning of the term 'tabula rasa'?
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professionalism
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In your first education class, your professor states, "Early childhood teachers are not glorified babysitters; they are committed to the care and education of young children." Which theme of early childhood teacher training does his comment reflect?
question
rousseau
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Which philosopher viewed children as inherently good, who develop on their own according to natural processes, and who require little adult supervision to reach their potential?
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What is the professional opinion of the teacher, regardless of family values or differences
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Which of the following is NOT one of the knowledge bases used to guide professional decision making, according to the NAEYC publication, Developmentally Appropriate Practice (2009)?
question
Froebel
answer
Who viewed children as seeds, educators as gardeners, and formed programs called Kindergartens? (father of kindergarten)
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National Association for the education of young children
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__________ is the largest and best-known early childhood education organization.
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Benjamin Spock & T. Barry Brazelton
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Who has largely been responsible for building public awarenss about stage theories of children's development?
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physical, psychosocial
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Gesell is to ___________ development as Erikson is to ____________ development.
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Locke
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Which philosopher is known for using the metaphor of a tabula rasa for children?
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an open mind
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According to Magda Gerber, early childhood professionals should approach children with
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providing alternatives to an inappropriate behavior
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What is the best definition of redirection?
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understanding the internal motivations that influence the learner's behavior
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Observation is recommended for all but which of the following purposes?
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False
answer
T/F When diapering an infant, it is necessary for the caregiver to wash her/his hands but not necessarily the infant's hands.
question
developing a relationship with the child
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What is the most important factor in building cooperation with children and getting them to listen?
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True
answer
T/F Practice in risk-taking is an important part of learning safety.
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Always look children in the eye, and make sure they maintain eye contact
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All but which of the following are recommended for communicating with children?
question
Emmi Pikler
answer
Whose research focused on how children develop movement and demonstrated that children can learn to control their bodies and stay safe when given the chance to move freely?
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make an attempt at interpreting a child's motives
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When observing a classroom as an outside (student) observer, you should do all BUT which of the following?
question
walkers
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What type of equipment has caused more injuries than any other?
question
emotional experiences
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In the early part of the chapter, Gonzalez-Mena emphasizes that intelligence has its origin in...
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Answer children's questions about how the guinea pig died, and let them talk about their reactions to it.
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f the classroom's pet guinea pig were to accidentally die during the school day, which would be the better way to handle the situation?
question
cortisol
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What is the name of the hormone that is associated with children's stress, can be detected in saliva, and has been used to demonstrate how early stress on children affects the brain, immune system, and other development?
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It hurt when you fell off the riding toy."
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Which is an example of "validation"?
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rejection of another person
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According to your text, what is the most powerful non-violent tool a child has at his/her disposal?
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"Come on, that's nothing. Stop making such a big deal."
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Which of the following is an example of "discounting"?
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unwritten curriculum
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the learning that occurs, often unconsciously, through the relationships that children develop with adults is called...
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Listening
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What is the first step in helping a child who is upset?
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ask rhetorical questions
answer
All but which of the following are guidelines for effective communication?
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talk in absolutes
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n order to help a child learn to make their own interpretations of their feelings, desires, and perceptions, an adult should use all but which of the following strategies?
question
infancy
answer
At the Pikler Institute, at what age do children begin to learn cooperation and responsibility?
question
False
answer
T/F When children are engaged in parallel play, they are engaged in a joint project such as building a structure or creating a puppet show.
question
Children should not be given recognition regularly, only when they've earned it by accomplishing something.
answer
Regarding praise, which of the following statements is FALSE?
question
focus on the means and not necessarily the end product
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Five characteristics of play include active engagement, intrinsic motivation, nonliteral behavior, freedom from external rules, and ________________.
question
objects, ideas, teachers, and peers
answer
According to the text, developmentally appropriate practice includes figuring out ways for children to be engaged with _________ when learning.
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False
answer
T/F Play is always fun and if children are truly engaged in play they will show it by smiling and/or laughing.
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True
answer
T/F Jean Piaget's theory supports the use of play as a developmentally appropriate practice for children's cognitive development.
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Compared to work, play is more intrinsically motivated
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Compare work and play
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True
answer
T/F The three types of symbolic play are dramatic play, constructive play, and games with rules
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By observing how children play in it and how they use the materials
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How can you tell if the play areas you set up in the classroom are effective?
question
recognize alternatives
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Children often have a narrow vision of the ways in which they can respond to situations. They may not be prepared to make good decisions, for instance, when they are in the midst of a conflict. As teachers, we must help them to ...
question
vygotsky's
answer
The zone of proximal development and assisted performance are important concepts in ________ theory of development.
question
feedforward
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This is a tool teachers can use to guide young children to understand the potential consequences of their actions; it is given in neutral tone of voice and is intended to help children foresee that their actions may be hurtful to others.
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modeling a positive attitude towards diversity
answer
What is the first step in taking an antibias focus?
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False
answer
T/F According to Gonzalez-Mena, societal changes in gender roles have significantly changed the landscape of early childhood education. Past problems with the lack of men working with young children have pretty much been eliminated.
question
assertiveness
answer
What term refers to the quality of standing up for one's own needs and wants in ways that recognize and respect what other people need and want?
question
virtue, power, significance, and competence
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The four dimensions of self-esteem are...
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Social-Cognitive Theory
answer
The importance of modeling as a learning approach was demonstrated through research by Albert Bandura. What is the name for Bandura's learning theory?
question
a feeling of being loved and cared about by those important in one's life
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The term significance means
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False
answer
T/F When children get too noisy in the elementary school cafeteria, the lunch monitor screams, "Quiet Down!" According to social-cognitive theory, this action will lead the children to be quiet.
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it is similar to dual-focus supervision
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Regarding "soft eyes," which of the following is true?
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False
answer
T/F To be a successful early childhood teacher, you must focus little attention on your own needs, and always be focused entirely on children's and family's needs.
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a U.S. government act requiring programs to create plans for responding ot children with special needs
answer
What is an IDEA
question
parents as partners
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This approach to parents in early childhood programs views parents as collaborators and involves parents in decision making.
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to learn about the child and family to to teach them about the program
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What should be the goals of an intake interview for new families?
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negotiate
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During which step of the RERUN process do you try to look for solutions, such as asking, "What can be done about this situation?"
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dialogue
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When adults disagree, what is one good way to handle the conflict and also provide a good role model for children in your care?
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Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
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This is a plan for infants, toddlers, and their families that is part of meeting special needs through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
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Have the child translate for the teacher and parent
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If a family comes to the center with diverse needs, which of the following is NOT a good example of meeting their needs?
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Request
answer
In the box on "Communication with Compassion," Marshall Rosenberg focused on 4 components of communication. Which of the 4 is about putting into words an action that you need?
question
Double-the-Fun has its coat hooks at adult level, and supplies are stored on high shelves and in closed cupboards.
answer
Which of the following child care centers has interdependence-promoting environmental characteristics?
question
True
answer
T/F Compared to a large open classroom and play yard, an early childhood environment with many small areas is more likely to encourage cooperation among children.
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the environment reflecting the program's goals and values
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n the story of Miss Dee Dee's early childhood education program presented in the text, which environmental aspect was emphasized?
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Finding out the state regulations and licensing standards
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What is the first step in planning an early childhood education environment?
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a full day childcare center
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Which of the following child care environments is most likely to make use of surround care?
question
True
answer
T/F An antibias approach to diversity is more activist than a multicultural approach.
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interest centers, physical care centers, and gross motor learning spaces.
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Early childhood education occurs in...
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the space where the class aquarium is located
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Of the following areas in Ms. Melanie's four-year-old preschool classroom, which is considered an interest center?
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Different age groups need their own discrete spaces separate from other age groups.
answer
Regarding space in an early childhood environment, which of the following statements is TRUE?
question
True
answer
T/F Early childhood practitioners can strive for authenticity in the classroom environment by doing the following: Providing real tools and equipment, designing to room to encourage exploration, and by having the classroom environment reflect the diversity of the people in the program.
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Early Childhood Development Quiz & Test Answers and Questions – Flashcards 120 terms
120 terms
Preview
Early Childhood Development Quiz & Test Answers and Questions – Flashcards
question
An integrated curriculum
answer
involves learning goals across multiple content areas.
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An effective curriculum to develop creativity in young children should emphasize
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providing appropriate materials, experiences, and relationships to support creative development.
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A strong emphasis is placed on ________ in the curriculum for the primary grades.
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learning to read
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Assessment should be linked to the achievement of standards and
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should regularly inform teachers about student progress.
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A differentiated classroom refers to one in which
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a range of spaces accommodates independent, small-group, and large-group work.
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Among risk factors posing educational challenges to families, which of the following poses the greatest risk?
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poverty
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A Professional in ECE will reflect
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a code of ethics that respects all children.
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An early childhood teacher who acknowledges individual differences
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sets expectations based upon each child's developmental level.
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Advocating for young children and their families requires teachers to
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publicly support a policy or cause they believe to be right.
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A typical preschooler has a vocabulary of about ________ words.
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1,000
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A teacher interested in implementing developmentally appropriate practice should identify
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different learning goals for each child reflecting individual abilities.
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Ava has just learned to tell her teacher how many markers are in the set by counting each one and saying the last number as the answer to "How many?" Ava is most likely ________ year(s) old.
answer
four
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A teacher using the Reggio Emilia Approach will focus on _________ based on the child's interests.
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an emergent curriculum
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A ________ is an early childhood professional who works with new teachers to improve their skills or to help teachers with children who have particular learning challenges.
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mentor teacher
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A child who says, "I broomed the floor," is
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overgeneralizing a language rule.
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Child care centers and family child care homes provide care and education
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for children of varying ages.
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Culturally competent professionals
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understand the importance of forming partnerships that span cultural and linguistic diversity.
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Early childhood education professionals teach children from
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birth to age 8.
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Children typically speak their first words between ________ months of age.
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12 and 18
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Culture
answer
dramatically affects development.
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Differentiated instruction is designed to educate children through ________ techniques in order to ensure every student is being reached.
answer
multiple
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Early childhood professionals who want the opportunity to teach in various contexts such as public, private, or faith-based schools or parent cooperatives should become ________ teachers.
answer
preschool
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Effective curriculums are comprehensive, research-based, and
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influenced by standards.
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Effective playground supervision includes all of the following except
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providing just enough attention so that children are aware the teacher is watching.
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Early childhood professionals who want to teach according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences should
answer
plan a variety of activities that involve different intelligences.
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Early childhood education professionals contribute by
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conducting their own research collaborating with parents.
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Examples of integrated curriculums are:
answer
emergent, thematic units, and projects.
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Friedrich Froebel is known as the
answer
father of the kindergarten.
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Hopping and skipping are examples of the fundamental phase of motor development, which typically occurs during the ________ years.
answer
preschool
question
In order to work effectively with families, teachers should build relationships by
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conveying an attitude of trust, respect, and acceptance.
question
In order to encourage ________ development, a preschool teacher might set up an obstacle course during free play time.
answer
gross motor
question
In the school setting, which of Gardner's intelligences is typically emphasized?
answer
logical/mathematical and linguistic
question
In addition to specifying content knowledge and understanding of such concepts as curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, and wellness, the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) places a special emphasis on ________ in the early childhood program standards.
answer
caring relationships
question
In order to work effectively with families in times of stress, teachers should
answer
know about community programs to assist families in finding help at these times.
question
In your kindergarten class, reading skills range from familiarity with the alphabet to mastery of one-syllable words. How would you implement developmentally appropriate practice in this class?
answer
Identify each child's abilities, struggles, and interests and adapt reading instruction to individual variation.
question
Jacob is restless at group story time in a four-year-old preschool classroom. Which of the following approaches would be a developmentally appropriate practice for his teacher?
answer
The teacher should encourage Jacob to join the group's discussion of the book illustrations.
question
John Locke promoted the belief that children are born as
answer
blank slates.
question
Kelly has created a curriculum based on apples for her kindergarten class. This is an example of
answer
a thematic unit.
question
Knowledge of family systems theory gives teachers a deeper understanding of
answer
family behavior with each other and with those outside the family.
question
Knowing whether a child tends to take risks would be helpful information for
answer
supervision and safety plans.
question
Learning experiences and activities focused on shapes, colors, numbers, and the alphabet
answer
should be the basis of the preschool curriculum.
question
One element common to behavioral learning theory and social-cognitive theory is that they both
answer
promote the idea of learning from consequences.
question
"Least restrictive environment" refers to the setting where the child is
answer
allowed to receive services among the greatest number of nondisabled children.
question
One similarity between the developmental theories of Piaget and Vygotsky is that they are both
answer
constructivist theories of learning through interaction with the environment.
question
One-year-old Sam is able to stand and walk. He is in the ________ phase of motor development.
answer
rudimentary
question
One effective strategy for inclusive classrooms is to provide multiple options for engaging with the curriculum. Which of the following is the best example of multiple means of engagement?
answer
including math-related activities in several learning centers such as the dramatic play, music, and writing centers
question
Playing in a natural environment fosters all of the following for children except
answer
increased bullying behavior.
question
Right- or left-handedness typically emerges by age
answer
three
question
"Shaping" involves
answer
rewarding each step toward a goal to teach a new skill
question
Solitary play is characteristic of ________ year-old children.
answer
2- to 2½-
question
Sam has just begun to spontaneously apologize to other children if he accidentally hurts them during play time. Sam is most likely ________ years old.
answer
four to five
question
Scheduling regular disaster emergency response drills
answer
helps children learn how to follow directions in an emergency.
question
B. F. Skinner's theory of learning is known as
answer
behaviorism.
question
Once a child masters a particular skill, a teacher engaged in developmentally appropriate practice would
answer
introduce new and related skills that are achievable.
question
The Head Start program serves only children
answer
from low-income families.
question
Teaching infants and toddlers requires more ________ than teaching preschoolers and school-aged children.
answer
physical care
question
Teachers do not consider the children's prior _______ when designing play activities.
answer
grades
question
The teacher in a preschool classroom employing developmentally appropriate curriculum and teaching practices would
answer
adapt the curriculum and teaching strategies to fit the needs of individual children.
question
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
answer
provides federal funds to support education and intervention services from birth to age 21.
question
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) provides
answer
free and appropriate education, including special services, to all disabled children in the least restrictive environment.
question
The children in your class with special gifts and talents
answer
may need materials and activities that are typically considered more appropriate for older children.
question
The NAEYC specifies early childhood standards in all of the following areas except
answer
content areas.
question
The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) has ____ program standards, which include relationships, curriculums, teaching, and assessment.
answer
ten
question
This curriculum model places an emphasis on creating classroom environments that facilitate learning and development.
answer
Creative Curriculum
question
Teachers can best help toddlers build a solid foundation for making healthy food choices by
answer
making sure each meal features a variety of healthy foods.
question
To prevent the spread of disease, ________ is the most effective and important practice in the early childhood setting.
answer
modeling hand washing and teaching children when and how to wash their hands
question
The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) statement of commitment includes all of the following obligations except
answer
always following the policies of your program.
question
The main difference between Piaget and Vygotsky was Vygotsky's emphasis on
answer
culture.
question
What implies that practices are research based and yield positive outcomes for children?
answer
high quality
question
With regard to relationships with families, the early childhood professional should understand that
answer
the most effective programs for young children are those that involve their families.
question
When parents feel heard by teachers, they
answer
usually listen to teachers' answers and explanations in return.
question
When four preschoolers pretend to go to the hospital, with two children acting as patients, one as a nurse, and one as a doctor, they are engaged in ________ play.
answer
cooperative
question
Which of the following elements of Maria Montessori's approach to early childhood education is most accepted in the United States?
answer
educational materials for sensory learning experiences
question
Which of the following is typically not a role fulfilled by general early childhood classroom teachers?
answer
diagnosing learning disabilities
question
Which of the following early childhood positions typically requires additional course work or a degree beyond the bachelor's degree?
answer
school principal
question
Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?
answer
"No eat."
question
Which of the following activities is typical of the cognitive development level of infants and toddlers?
answer
repeatedly dropping a block to see what happens
question
Which of the following is the least important disposition for an Early Childhood Professional to have?
answer
creativity
question
Which of the following statements best describes the role of assessment in teaching infants and toddlers?
answer
Recording developmental milestones is an effective assessment method for infants and toddlers.
question
Which of the following child care center policies would be most effective in helping infants and toddlers resolve the trust vs. mistrust crisis?
answer
Establish continuity of care by assigning teachers to children.
question
Which of the following statements is the most accurate illustration of emotional development during the preschool years?
answer
Children are able to wait for their turn to participate in an activity.
question
Which of the following is not a feature of developmentally appropriate practice?
answer
homogeneous classrooms
question
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of developmentally appropriate practice?
answer
It promotes the learning and development of each individual child.
question
Which of the following approaches for resolving a conflict between two children would likely work best for you as a teacher in the primary grades?
answer
modeling appropriate conversation and guiding the children to resolve their own conflict
question
Which of the following is a physical skill that a preschooler is likely to master?
answer
climbing up and down stairs
question
Which of the following statements does not describe a challenge to creating culturally appropriate environments?
answer
Cultural differences are impossible to detect without infringing on families' privacy.
question
Which of the following would be a successful strategy for designing an inclusive early childhood environment?
answer
Design an environment that is aesthetically pleasing and accessible to children with and without disabilities.
question
Which of the following best describes "parentese," a way of speaking to infants that is developmentally appropriate?
answer
exaggerated in rhythm and repetition, high-pitched, and slow in tempo
question
Which of the following strategies would help a teacher create an inclusive early childhood setting?
answer
using multisensory approaches to learning for all children
question
Which is not a factor that causes children to learn differently?
answer
hair color
question
Which of the following is not a feature of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)?
answer
focused only on the needs of the child
question
Which of the following best describes an Individual Education Plan (IEP)?
answer
an educational plan stating goals and services for a child receiving special education
question
Which of the following terms is defined as the changes that are made in the educational setting to allow children with disabilities to participate fully?
answer
accommodations
question
Which of the following statements best describes an important consideration when teaching children with disabilities?
answer
The severity of the disability influences the degree to which special techniques or materials are needed.
question
Which of the following terms is defined as what outlines minimal qualifications for particular ECE programs?
answer
program standards
question
Which of the following is not an indicator of effective early childhood curriculum?
answer
Goals are clearly defined and kept securely confidential by the teacher.
question
Which of the following is a true statement regarding performance standards?
answer
Performance standards are closely related to children's grade level.
question
Which of the following terms is defined as what children should be able to do by a certain age?
answer
performance standards
question
Which of the following best describes the role of standards in the development of early childhood curriculum?
answer
Standards guide the development of curriculum.
question
Which of the following terms is defined as what students should know and be able to do in a particular discipline?
answer
content standards
question
Which of the following describes a key finding in recent curriculum studies funded by the federal government?
answer
Designing a research-based curriculum is important.
question
Which of the following is an appropriate focus for the curriculum in a setting for infants and toddlers?
answer
Which of the following is an appropriate focus for the curriculum in a setting for infants and toddlers?
question
Which of the following would not be an appropriate learning goal for a preschool nutrition curriculum?
answer
Understand the role of nutrients in digestion.
question
Which of the following full-day preschool schedules for physical activity would be effective in helping to prevent childhood obesity?
answer
four 15-minute periods of structured play and 60 minutes of unstructured play every day
question
Which of the following would not be an effective method for teaching children to ensure their own safety?
answer
memorization of safety warnings about what they should not do (e.g., "Don't cross the street alone." Or: "Don't run inside.")
question
Which of the following is not a limitation of using technology to communicate with families?
answer
the speed and scope of electronic communication
question
Which of the following would not be an appropriate strategy for a teacher to foster interaction among the school, the family, and the community?
answer
sharing confidential information with the local family counseling clinic in order to make a referral
question
Which of the following best describes a benefit of parent involvement in the early childhood setting?
answer
Parents gain hands-on experience with the curriculum that they can then apply at home.
question
Which of the following most closely describes how the perspective of parents differs from that of teachers?
answer
Parents need to be the best advocate for their child, whereas teachers must be objective and consider group needs.
question
Which policy does not influence Early Childhood Education?
answer
insurance
question
Which of the following is not a role of a professional educational organization?
answer
being a powerful special interest group that influences state and national education policy
question
Which of the following terms is defined as supported by scientific research and knowledge of how children learn and develop?
answer
evidence-based practices
question
Which of the following terms is defined as morals or guiding principles that influence decision making in a profession?
answer
ethics
question
Which of the following is true of cultural competence?
answer
Cultural competence is the ability to work effectively across cultural groups.
question
________ is one accepted term for an early childhood professional who provides care and education to small groups of children in the home.
answer
Child care provider
question
________ viewed the teacher's role as preparing the environment, observing children, demonstrating materials, and allowing natural exploration.
answer
Maria Montessori
question
________ is the basis for the Tools of the Mind curriculum.
answer
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of learning
question
________ are typically associated with the reflexive phase of motor development.
answer
Infants
question
____ is defined as serving children who have been identified for special education services in classrooms with their typically developing peers.
answer
Inclusion
question
________ is the term for children with disabilities receiving the services and support appropriate to their individual needs entirely in the general classroom.
answer
Mainstreaming
Child Care Center
Cognitive
Cognitive Development In Early Childhood
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
Human Anatomy And Physiology 1
Human Growth And Development
Psychology
Child Development Final – MC Sect. 1 – Flashcards 34 terms
34 terms
Preview
Child Development Final – MC Sect. 1 – Flashcards
question
According to Piaget, the most obvious change during the preoperational stage is the increase in
answer
representational activity.
question
Piaget acknowledged that ___________ is our most flexible means of mental representation.
answer
language
question
Piaget believed that through __________, young children practice and strengthen newly acquired representational schemes.
answer
pretending
question
Tripp pretends to drink from a toy cup. Tripp's sister, Anna, takes the same cup and tells Tripp, "This is a hat." Tripp refuses to place the cup on his head to pretend that it is a hat. Tripp is probably
answer
younger than 2 years of age.
question
In early pretending, toddlers
answer
use only realistic objects.
question
Five-year-old Matthew and 6-year-old Jessica like to pretend that they live or work in a zoo. Often, Matthew will pretend to be an animal, such as an elephant and Jessica will pretend to be the zookeeper. This is an example of __________ play.
answer
sociodramatic
question
Children's creation of _________________ was once viewed as a sign of maladjustment, but current research challenges this assumption.
answer
imaginary companions
question
Three-year-olds Artie and Kurt had identical boxes of raisins at snack time. When Kurt poured his raisins out onto the table, Artie was sure that Kurt had more raisins. This demonstrates that Artie lacks
answer
conservation.
question
During a conservation-of-liquid task, when asked why he thinks there is more water in the taller glass, 5-year-old Gus points out that the water level is higher in the taller glass than in the shorter glass but neglects to mention that this change in height is compensated by changes in width. This example demonstrates a limitation of preoperational thought known as
answer
centration.
question
During a ________ task, 4-year-old Marissa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, one banana, and three oranges. She will most likely say ________.
answer
class inclusion; there are more oranges
question
Four-year-old Martha uses shorter, simpler expressions when interacting with her 2-year-old brother. This example suggests that Piaget may have
answer
overestimated preschoolers' egocentrism.
question
Preschoolers' ability to reason about transformations is evident on
answer
tasks that require reasoning by analogy.
question
Follow-up research indicates that by the second half of the first year, children have formed a variety of global categories, such as animals and vehicles. These findings challenge Piaget's assumption that
answer
preschoolers' thinking is wholly governed by appearances.
question
When young children converse with adults, they ask
answer
more than one question per minute, on average.
question
Which of the following is true about parents' answers to their children's questions?
answer
Parents adjust the complexity of their answers to fit their children's maturity.
question
According to research, preschoolers' poor performance on appearance versus reality tasks occurs because they
answer
have trouble with the language of these tasks.
question
Vygotsky's theory stresses the __________ of cognitive development.
answer
social context
question
Most research indicates that young children use private speech
answer
when tasks are appropriately challenging.
question
Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity are _________ than their less talkative agemates.
answer
more attentive
question
According to Vygotsky, which of the following is within a child's zone of proximal development?
answer
a task that a child cannot yet handle on her own, but can do with the help of an adult
question
Becca is making cookies all by herself after making them with the help of her mother many times in the past. Becca has learned this new skill through
answer
guided participation.
question
Which of the following is more likely to be seen in a Vygotskian, than a Piagetian, classroom?
answer
activities to foster peer collaboration
question
Vygotsky regarded make-believe play as an important source of cognitive development because it
answer
is rich in private speech.
question
Which of the following is a common criticism of Vygotsky's theory?
answer
It says too little about how basic cognitive skills contribute to socially transmitted higher cognitive processes.
question
Sustained attention typically begins to improve in toddlerhood because children's ability to __________ improves.
answer
inhibit impulses
question
Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not skilled at using
answer
memory strategies.
question
After a family camping trip, Rollie's mother asks him to tell his grandmother about the trip. Rollie's response represents
answer
autobiographical memory.
question
Children with autism
answer
have narrow and overly intense interests.
question
Studies of literacy development show that
answer
the more informal literacy experiences young children have, the better their later reading skills.
question
Eighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp of
answer
ordinality.
question
Research using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) indicates that
answer
preschoolers who develop well intellectually have homes rich in educational toys and books.
question
Formal academic training during early childhood
answer
undermines young children's motivation and emotional well-being.
question
Studies on computer use in early childhood demonstrate that
answer
combining everyday and computer experiences with math manipulatives is especially effective in promoting math concepts and skills.
question
Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children
answer
take turns in face-to-face interactions.
Architecture
Child Care Center
Interior Design
Interior Design 3.01 & 3.04 55 terms
55 terms
Preview
Interior Design 3.01 & 3.04
question
The walls of a room will define its:
answer
Space
question
The columns on a porch represent what type of line?
answer
Vertical
question
Shane has a larger living room he wants to section. What element of design does he have to consider?
answer
Space
question
A cathedral ceiling and large windows communicate openness, freedom, and grandeur. Which element of design in this?
answer
Space
question
Upholstering a sofa in a thick, tapestry fabric illustrates the use of:
answer
Texture
question
To create a warmer feeling in her room, Tasha should paint the wall:
answer
Yellow
question
When purchasing a comfortable chair for a den, the guideline being followed is:
answer
Forms follows function
question
The baseboard in Sam's room is an example of what type of line?
answer
Horizontal line
question
What element of design establishes direction?
answer
Line
question
A family wants to purchase a large sofa. WHat element of design should be considered?
answer
Space
question
The element of design described as the physical shape of the object is:
answer
Form
question
Stars that run all the way around the top of a room in a border show:
answer
Repetition
question
What smoothly leads the eye from one area to another?
answer
Rhythm
question
Micheal placed a very large potter lamp on a small round table. Which principle of design did Micheal not understand?
answer
Proportion
question
Chairs arranged around a round table is an example of:
answer
Radiation
question
The shelves in a bookcase repeat horizontal lines. This is an example of:
answer
Rhythm
question
An art object that draws attention to a particular part of a room illustrates the use of:
answer
Emphasis
question
The candles on the table are arranged from tallest to shortest. WHich principle of design was used?
answer
Gradation
question
The focal point should dominate a room. This creates:
answer
Emphasis
question
The use of matching lamps on tables placed at each end of a sofa illustrates:
answer
Balance
question
Latoya painted four different styled chairs red. By using the same color Latoya achieved:
answer
Unity
question
When different but equivalent are arranged to the sides of a center point what is achieved?
answer
Informal balance
question
Laura has a 6-foot sofa in her living room. How long should the coffee table be in order to show correct proportion?
answer
Four feet
question
Cool colors are quiet and restful. If they are overused they may make people feel:
answer
Depressed
question
Combining equal amounts of complimentary colors create:
answer
Brown
question
When Gail added white paint to blue paint she created a:
answer
Tint of blue
question
The new child care center wants to decorate the room in bright colors using the primary colors which are:
answer
Red, blue, and yellow
question
The brightness or dullness of a hue is known as:
answer
Intensity
question
The lightness or darkness of a color is called:
answer
Value
question
Restaurants use colors that generate and increase the appetite. These colors are known as:
answer
Warm colors
question
Workers in an office complained the room was always cold. To make the room appear warmer what color does the room need to be painted?
answer
Red
question
Sally painted her table blue-violet. Violet in the paint is a:
answer
Secondary colors
question
Mixing equal amounts of two primary colors produces:
answer
Secondary colors
question
Mary wants her living room to appear smaller. She paints the living room a:
answer
Warm color
question
The addition of black to a hue produces a:
answer
Shade
question
Research has shown that this color actually stimulates the nervous system:
answer
Red
question
Although these are not really colors, they are usually classified as colors when discussing design
answer
Neutrals
question
The value of a hue is made lighter by adding:
answer
White
question
Kim's home has green fixtures and orange tile flooring in the bathroom. The shower curtain is violet. What is the color scheme?
answer
Triadic
question
Shari decorated the twins' room with a red and green plaid comforter and red throw pillows. She pained the wall green. What type of color scheme did Shari use?
answer
Complementary
question
Julie decorated her college dorm room with a school colors. She has a purple comforter and yellow sheets. The school colors make what type of color scheme?
answer
Complementary
question
Sally wants to change her room by using a complementary color scheme. Which of the following color combinations would she use?
answer
Yellow and violet
question
The color scheme that is achieved by changing the intensity and value of a hue, but used only one color is:
answer
Monochromatic
question
The white's holiday wreaths of greenery and red bows make beautiful outdoor decorations. The materials the wreaths form what kind of color scheme?
answer
Complementary
question
If yellow is the base color in an analogous color scheme, what other colors would be used?
answer
Yellow-orange and orange
question
Dian has quilt which has blue as the dominant color, red-orange and yellow-orange as the contrasting colors. What type of color scheme is this an example of?
answer
Split-Complementary
question
Black, white, and grey are known as:
answer
Neutral
question
Which color scheme is composed of hues that are not found on the color wheel?
answer
Neutral
question
What needs to be added to a hue to lower its intensity?
answer
Compliment
question
The mother goose day care is remodeling and wants to make the room cheerful. They decide to use a triadic color scheme. Which color combinations will they use?
answer
Red, blue, and yellow
question
Various color combinations in a room are called:
answer
Color schemes
question
In angie's new kitchen, she used white appliances, white cabinets, and white countertops. WHat color scheme did she use?
answer
Neutral
question
Sally used a triadic color scheme for the new baby's room. Which Colors should she use?
answer
Blue, red, and yellow
question
Lynn decided she wanted to do her kitchen in bright cheerful colors. She decides to use yellow, yellow-green, and yellow-orange. What color scheme did she decide to use?
answer
Analogous
question
To lower the intensity of red, add a small amount of which compliment?
answer
Green
