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ED 375 Midterm – Flashcards 156 terms

Pat Coker

156 terms

Preview

ED 375 Midterm – Flashcards

question

The primary reason that ninety percent of the surveyed teachers stated they entered the teaching profession was

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helping children grow and learn.

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At one time, teaching certifications were issued for life. Most states now issue certificates valid for __________ years, based on the need for increased standards.

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3-5

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Based on recent trends in teacher certification, certification requirements for secondary teaching certificates vary from one state to the next in (list)

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the number of teacher education courses the number of credit hours in specific content areas the number of general education courses

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You have just finished college and obtained certification in a northeastern state, but you have decided that you would like to teach in the Southeast. What do you most need to know if you want to become employable in a southeastern state?

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which reciprocity agreements are currently valid in the state in which you are now certified

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Programs that provide intense supervision and compressed formal coursework during the first few years of assignment to a teaching position can best be termed

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alternative certification.

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"Teach for America" is

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a program to recruit non-education majors into temporary teaching service in urban school districts.

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The economic stimulus legislation of 2008 expects to __________ the salaries of teachers.

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Improve

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Which of the following statements represents findings about teacher-preparation programs from recent reports (Teaching at Risk and Educating School Teachers)?

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A majority of programs have inadequate curriculum and low standards.

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Which of the following statements describes developments that have occurred over the last decade in teacher education and certification? (List)

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There is greater emphasis on extending the education of teachers beyond the traditional four-year degree. There is greater attention paid to developing teachers' ability to think reflectively and to increasing the intensity of their field-based education while in college. There is an increased emphasis on the use of technology in teacher training.

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The SAT and ACT scores of prospective teachers

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have increased since the early 1980's

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Minority groups in the teaching profession

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are likely to decline as a proportion of the total teaching force

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The trend in college students entering the teaching profession in the 1980s to today has

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increased nearly 100 percent.

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Potential difficulties teachers are unprepared for include

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special-education populations. racial and ethnic minority groups. English as a second language students.

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Which of the following is likely to increase the demand for more new teacher positions?

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reductions in class size

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Minority students make up forty percent of the population in public schools, but elementary and secondary minority teachers only make up

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fifteen percent

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Of the following nonpublic schools, which has shown the largest increase in enrollment in recent years?

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Independent schools (nonreligious)

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In which field of study has there been a persistent shortage of teachers?

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Math and Science

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To what degree does a teacher's salary vary among and within the states?

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considerably

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The American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE) states that the low proportion of minority teachers constitutes

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a devastating crisis.

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The fact that there is no agreed-upon body of knowledge for teaching is a limitation when professional organizations try to increase teachers'

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professionalism.

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Compared to the salary of the average college graduate, teacher pay is

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lower.

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Collective bargaining can influence which of the following issues? (List)

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salaries working conditions school-based management

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Which of the following presents the greatest obstacle to teachers' gaining the kind of autonomy suggested by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards?

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Because education is a public enterprise and a public responsibility, citizens and their elected officials will be slow to turn control over to teachers.

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Which of the following is not evidence that teaching is increasingly being recognized as a full-fledged profession in this country?

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There is a great deal of variety in what is defined as a "knowledge base" for teaching.

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Your friend Susan found her first year of teaching to be very traumatic. She had great difficulty adjusting to the "real world" of school, and she felt overwhelmed by how much she had to learn and to handle. Which of the following might have helped her most in avoiding such negative experiences during her initial year of teaching?

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a mediated entry program

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Interest in staff development has increased because it is being seen as

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a way to stay current with the latest educational trends.

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Merit pay is given to a teacher who has...

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demonstrated superior performance

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Critics of merit pay say that it will reduce

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communication and cooperation

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When considering a defined body of knowledge as a characteristic of a profession, which of the following statements accurately describes a criticism of teacher preparation programs?

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Not enough pedagogy courses are required.

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Greenfield Elementary has an active School Improvement Council. The school's faculty, principal, and community representatives work as partners to review and make collaborative plans for program, staff, and resources. This is an example of which trend?

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school-based management

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The phrase teaching out of license means teaching out of

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the subject in which one is certified.

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Teaching is often thought of as a "semi profession" or "emerging profession," much like

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nursing and social workers.

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Preparing a good teacher in a "defined body of knowledge" often results in _______________ being a part of the teacher preparation program. (List)

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professional education "major" and "minors" in the subject area general education courses

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In recent measures of occupational prestige, teachers rank

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above the ninetieth percentile

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Which of the following is not an impediment to teaching being considered a profession?

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a lack of professional associations

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Which of the following statements most accurately compares teaching to other professions, such as medicine and law?

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Teachers are more affected by decisions of people outside the profession than are lawyers and doctors.

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Which of the following has most significantly increased the prestige of teaching in the eyes of the public?

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increased level of education of teachers

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a mediated entry program

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Children learn the group's language and skills and assimilate moral and religious values through ________.

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enculturation

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Education in preliterate societies focused on

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survival skills

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For Aristotle, thinking and knowing begin with

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one's sensation of objects in the environment

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Advanced school in ancient Egypt were established to prepare which people for their future

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priests, government officials, and physicians

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Arabic educators contributed to Western education by

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Islamic scholars translated the texts of ancient Greek authors such as Aristotle, Euclid, Archimedes, and Hippocrates into Arabic which later reintroduced Western education.

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The early Chinese culture believed that their heritage was __________________.

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ethnocentric and superior to all others

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An important Greek and Roman contribution to Western education was

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the focus on the role of education in improving society's political well-being

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Many cultures counted on _________to transmit their cultural heritage through very gifted leaders.

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storytelling

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The Sophists broke with traditional Greek beliefs about education in that they

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saw education as a means by which groups that were not part of society's elite could become part of the elite.

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What are some samples of informal learning?

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songs and stories

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Your colleague Brenda, a social studies teacher, believes that only the best-educated persons should be in positions of authority in the American federal government. Which of the following had views most similar to Brenda's?

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Plato

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In Plato's Republic, he

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described a perfect state ruled by the intellectual elite.

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Isocrates maintained that education had objectives that led to

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virtuous leaders.

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The Romans borrowed many of their philosophical views on education from the Greeks. The relationship between the two cultures is best expressed in which of the following statements?

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Although the Romans strongly emphasized the education of the elite, as had the Greeks, the Romans were more interested in preparing a ruling class for the republic, and later the empire, and were less interested in the search for ultimate truth.

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Currently, national exams are utilized for entrance, especially to universities, in _______________.

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China Japan South Korea

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Which of the following best reflects the metaphysical position underlying Plato's beliefs about education?

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The purpose of education was to help students begin to discover the truths that were innately present within each person and, in the process, to find those persons who were most intellectually capable of leading society.

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As a high-school social studies teacher, you believe your students lack enough heroes and role models. You begin collaborating with an English teacher at your school to have students turn aspects of their family histories into epics that highlight the positive characteristics and admirable actions of male and female family members. In having students write, share, and discuss these personal epics, you are following most closely in the educational footsteps of which of the following groups?

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Ancient Greeks

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Which ancient Chinese educational legacy still influences China's education system today?

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national examinations

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The child depravity theory held that the corruptive weakness of children could be corrected by authoritarian teaching technique. True False

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True

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The naturalist theory provided that children are primarily good. True False

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True

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The teaching of Latin utilizing the student's vernacular language was emphasized by what person?

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Comenius.

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The teachings of _______________ structured learning environments based on the child's development.

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Piaget and Frobel

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Rousseau believed that the school as an institution

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corrupted children.

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Rousseau broke with many educational philosophers in his belief that

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adult coercion negatively influences children's development.

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Pestalozzi believed that teachers needed to develop

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secure and loving environments.

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Herbart was noted for incorporating history and literature into the curriculum. He did this to

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study the lives of great people of the past and how they made their moral decisions.

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The kindergarten was designed to cultivate a child's latent spirituality through songs and stories. True False

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True

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You just took a job teaching in a primary school. The principal has told you that the school's mission envisions each classroom becoming a "prepared environment" for encouraging self-development and socialization. These ideas are based on which theorist?

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Montessori

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Schools in New England were designed to contribute to a person's

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economic productivity.

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Matthew is the twelve-year-old son of a successful businessman in colonial New England. Which of the following schools is he most likely to attend?

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Latin grammar school

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Because of their acceptance of the child depravity theory, colonial teachers

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used firm, harsh discipline.

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The "Old Deluder Satan" Act was important because it

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required towns to appoint a reading and writing teacher.

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In colonial times, the town school was

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locally controlled.

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The ___________ recreated the socioeconomic class-based dual track school systems.

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colonists

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A distinguishing feature of the middle colonies was that they had

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a variety of religions and languages.

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Large southern plantations affected schooling for blacks and poor whites by

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limiting opportunities for their education.

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Which of the following statements best reflects the motivation for creating schools in colonial America?

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Schools were most often organized to insulate and educate colonial groups on the basis of religious or cultural needs.

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Which group tended to have the greatest access to educational opportunities in colonial America?

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sons of the upper class in New England

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The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 required townships to

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designate land for the purpose of education.

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____________________ taught the Latin and Greek languages required for admission to colonial colleges.

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Latin grammar schools

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When Thomas Jefferson tried to establish public education in Virginia, his primary purpose was to

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promote a knowledge citizenry.

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In 1647, the general court of _____________ passed the "Old Deluder Satan" Act into law.

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Massachusetts

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Thomas Jefferson's Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge is an important benchmark in the history of public education because it

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marked a transition in the broad purpose of schooling from religious instruction, as had existed in the colonial period, to public schools based on the needs of a democratic society.

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What early American statesman advocated schools that taught the Bible and Christian principles and that were supported by a combination of private (controlled by religious denominations) and public funds?

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Benjamin Rush

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The hornbook was primary designed for children to memorize _____________________.

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syllables the alphabet words and sentences

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The educational efforts of people such as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Noah Webster most directly culminated in which of the following?

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the development of the common school by leaders such as Horace Mann during the nineteenth century

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Interest in the monitorial method of instruction faded because it

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was replaced by the common school.

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The elementary school that was open to the children of all social and economic classes was the

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common school.

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Philosophy is tied to education through the attempt to answer what questions?

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What is real? What is knowledge based on? What is moral and right? What is beautiful and good? How can we reason?

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________________focuses on the knowledge of knowing and what we base our knowledge of the world on.

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Epistemology

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The process of problem solving is stressed in

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Pragmatism

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Who developed the concept of realism, which asserts that reality is outside of our minds?

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Aristotle

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Viewing the school as an agent of society and as a means for developing collaborative learning communities is a fundamental position of

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Pragmatism

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Curriculum development committees that consider the nature of reality and existence focus primarily on

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metaphysics.

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For the existentialist educator, values are

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freely chosen

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Teacher education classes that deal with methods of instruction focus primarily on

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epistemology.

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A course examining the moral values and rules of right conduct deals with

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ethics.

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______________ is the most general way of thinking about a person's life in the world and reflecting deeply on that role.

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Philosophy

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Local school districts have been delegated powers and duties by the

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state government

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School board members are usually selected by

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election by community members

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Which of the following countries has a nationwide educational system?

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Great Britain, France, and Japan

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The day-to-day operation of a school district is determined by the

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superintendent

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The "Chicago plan" is an example of which type of reform?

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community control

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An elected community school board functioning in conjunction with a central school board is an example of

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community control

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The combination of a number of smaller school districts into one or two larger ones is called

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community control

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When comparing large and small school districts, it is probably most realistic to argue that

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although large school districts may realize some financial efficiency, they generally suffer from a higher degree of bureaucratic constraints.

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Some studies indicate that compared with large high schools, small high schools have

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improved grades, better attendance rates, more student responsiveness

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Educational opportunities for all citizens, with responsibility shared with various community institutions, is an example of

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community education

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What are the four governmental levels of education?

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local, intermediate (in some states), state, and federal

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Who governs schools at the local level?

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superintendent, central office staff, and school principals

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What are the forms of public involvement in schools?

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community participation, community control, community schools, and charter schools

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What are the sides of the debate on how school and school district size effects the efficiency and effectiveness?

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Many believe that increase in size do not necessarily mean increase in efficiency or effectiveness and might result in the opposite.

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What is metaphysics?

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Considers questions about the ultimate reality. What is ultimately real or not real?

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What is epistemology?

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Deals with knowledge about knowing, influences methods of teaching and learning. Asks "ON what do we base our knowledge of the world and our understanding of truth?

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What is axiology?

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prescribes and proscribes values, divided into ethics and aesthetics. appropriate vs. inappropriate behavior

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What are the differences between " philosophy" and "theories" ?

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Philosophies: more general wide ranging, systematic, complete, global components related to metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic insights derived from the general philosophical system Theories: specific focused on education; no complete philosophical system offered components related to specifics from education (curriculum, teaching, and learning) insights derived from more general philosophies or school contexts

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Metaphysics

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asks: What is real? Knowledge of most worth: the curriculum

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Epistemology

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asks: What is knowledge based on? How we teach and learn: methods of instruction

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Axiology

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asks: What is moral and right (ethics)? What is beautiful and good (aesthetics)? Behavior, character, civility, and appreciation and expression

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Logic

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asks: How can we reason? How we organize and structure courses, lessons, and units

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Idealism

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Metaphysics: Reality is spiritual or mental and unchanging Epistemology: Knowing is the intuitive recall of ideas present in the mind Axiology: Values are universal, absolute, and eternal Edu. Implications: A subject-matter curriculum emphasizes the culture's great and enduring ideas Proponents: Emerson, Froebel, Hegel, and Plato

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Realism

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Meta.: Reality is objective and exists independently of us, but we can know it Episte.: Knowing consists of conceptualization based on sensation and abstraction Axi.: Values are absolute and eternal, based on universal natural laws Edu. Implications: A subject-matter curriculum emphasizes the arts, humanities, and sciences Proponents: Aquinas, Aristotle, Boudy, Maritain, Pestalozzi

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Pragmatism (experimentalism)

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Mega.: Rejects metaphysics, asserting that hypotheses about reality are based on experience, the individual's interaction with a changing environment Episte.: Knowing results from experiencing testing ideas by acting on them, and using the scientific method Axi.: Value are situational and culturally relative Edu. Implications: Instruction that uses the scientific method to solve problems Proponents: Childs, Dewey, James, and Peirce

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Existentialism

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Meta.: Discounts metaphysics, arguing that our beliefs about reality are subjective, with existence preceding essence Episte.: Our knowing comes from making personal choices Axi.: Values are to be freely chosen by the person Edu. Implications: Classroom dialogues to stimulate awareness that each person creates a self-concept through significant choices Proponents: Kierkegaard, Sarte, Marcel, Morris

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Postmodernism

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Meta: Rejects metaphysics as a historical construction used for socioeconomic domonation Episte.: Deconstructs texts (canons) to find their origin and use by dominant groups and classes Axi.: Emphasizes the values of marginalized persons and groups Edu. Implications: Schools are sites of democratic criticism and social change to empower dominated groups Proponents: Derrida, and Foucault

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Deductive Logic

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The process of thinking by which consequences or applications are drawn out of general principles or assumptions; the process of thought in which conclusions follow from premises

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Inductive Logic

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The process of reasoning from particulars to generalities, from the parts to the whole, and from the individual to the general. It is the basis of the scientific method, emphasized by Dewey and the pragmatics.

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Macrocosm

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Refers to the universal mind, the first cause, creator, or God.

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Microcosm

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The personal mind or spirit ,limited and lesser self but nevertheless spiritual and intellectual like the great being of which it is a part

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Socratic Method

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An educational method attributed to the Greek philosopher Socrates by which the teacher encourages the student's discovery of truth by asking leading and stimulating questions

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Perennialism

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Aim: To transmit universal and enduring truth and values Curriculum: Fundamental skills, the liberal arts and sciences, the great books of Western Civ Edu. Implications: Instruction that features transmission, discussion, and reflection on enduring truths and values Proponents: Hutchins, Adler, and Maritain

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Essentialism

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Aim: To develop basic skills of literacy and numeracy and subject-matter knowledge Curriculum: Basic skills, essential subject matter-history, math, language, science, computer literacy Edu. Implications: To prepare competent and skilled individuals for the competitive global economy Proponents: Bagley and Bestor

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Progessivism

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Aim: To educate individuals according to their interests and needs Curriculum: Activities and projects Edu. Implications: Instruction that features problem solving and collaborative learnings; teacher acts as a facilitator Proponents: Dewey, Kilpatrick, Parker, and Johnson

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Critical Theory

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Aim: To raise consciousness about issues of marginalization and empowerment Curriculum: Auobiographies of oppressed peoples Edu. Implications: Focus on social conflicts, empowerment, and social justice Proponents: McLaren and Giroux

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Local School Board

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A body of citizens, either appointed or elected, who set policy regarding schools in a local school district

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The Powers and Responsibilities of school boards

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1. Policy 2.Staffing 3. Employee Relations 4. Fiscal Matters 5. Students 6. Curriculum and Assessment 7.Community Relations 8. Intergovernmental Requirements

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Superintendent of Schools

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The chief executive officer of the local school district who implements policies adopted by the school board. Assisted by a central office staff. Duties: 1.Management of professional and nonteaching personnel 2. Leadership in curriculum, instruction, and assessment 3. Administrative management

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Principal

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The chief administrative officer of the school, responsible for school operation

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Community Participation

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Citizen advisory committees at either the local school or school board level

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Charter Schools

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A public school governed by a community group granted a special contract (charter) by the state or the local school board. Charter schools often form to offer the educational alternatives unavailable in regular public schools

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Community Schools

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When a school is seen as only one of the education agencies within the community, and the school serves as a perter, or coordinating agency, in providing educational, health, social, family support, recreational, and cultural activities to the community

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Arguments FOR charter schools

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1. Provide an alternative vision of schooling not realized in the traditional public school system 2. Increased autonomy from state and local school district regulations 3. Special populations of students may be served 4. Students, teachers, parents participate by choice and are committed to making the school work 5. Generally smaller and more management 6. Increased parental involvement and overall communication

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Arguments AGAINST charter schools

answer

1. Accountability goals are frequently not spelled out,leading to confusion 2. State and federal regulations still apply and restrain their independence 3. Inadequate funding for startup and operating expenses, especially when serving special populations that require high expenditure 4. Difficulty finding staff, high teacher attrition 5. Tend to take more talented students and ignore the more challenging ones 6. Insufficient planning time for school boards, principals, and staff makes for managESAement and communication problems later on

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Consolidation

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The combining of small or rural school districts into larger ones

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Why do schools consolidate?

answer

Size-larger school districts permit broader, more rigorous curriculum and more specialized teachers Services-justify hiring counselors, ass. principals, and team leaders Economics-efficiency of scale where purchasing decisions should yield significant cost savings when ordering in bulk. Permits older buildings to be retired at considerable cost savings. Redundant high-salaried office positions may be cut

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Intermediate unit/ Regional educational service agency (RESA)

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an educational unit or agency in the middle position between the state dept of education and the local school district; usually created by the state to provide supplementary services and support staff to local school districts

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Responsibility of the state

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1.Enact legislation 2.Determine state school taxes and financial aide 3.Set min. standards for training and recruiting personnel 4.Develop state curriculum standards 5.Est. assessment requirements 6.Make provisions for accrediting schools 7. Provide special services such as transportation and textbooks

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State School Code

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A collection of state laws that establish ways and means of operating schools and conducting education

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State Board of Education

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The most influential state education agency that advises the state legislature and establishes policies for implementing legislative acts related to education

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State Department of Education

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An agency that operates under the direction of the state board of education. Its functions include accrediting schools, cert. teachers, apportioning state school funds, conducting research, issuing reports, and coordinating state edu policies with local school districts

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Chief State School Officer

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the chief executive of the state board of education, sometimes called the state superintendent or commissioner of education

question

US Department of Education

answer

Founded in 1867, it is the primary federal educational agency. 1.Administering grant funds and contracting with state departments of education, school district, and colleges/universities 2.Educational innovation and research 3.Providing leadership, consultative, and clearinghouse services related to education

question

No Child Left Behind Act (because here in Merica we encourage mediocrity which is judged by someone's ability to use graph paper and do math stuffs, and if our kids fail you get fired. Capitalism Yeehaw!)

answer

Passed during the Bush administration, NCLB sought to improve low performing school sand to hold states and local school districts accountable for students meeting high standards as measured by annual performance tests in reading and mathematics. It gave more influence over education to the federal government

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The governance of education is divided into what four levels?

answer

local, intermediate, state, and federal

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Approximately how many public school districts operate in the US?

answer

13,800

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The debate about the optimum size for schools and school districts

answer

Many believe that increases in size do not necessarily mean increases in efficiency or effectiveness and might result in the opposite

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What two states do not have state BoE?

answer

Wisconsin and Minnesota

question

Nonpublic schools account for what percent of total enrollment in the US?

answer

10% Of this percentage, 39% are Catholic schools and 23% are religiously unaffiliated

STUDY

AP United States History Blacks And Poor Working Class Women

HIST 111 Set 1 – Flashcards 374 terms

Marie Florence

374 terms

Preview

HIST 111 Set 1 – Flashcards

question

The "newness" of the New South was found primarily in its __________________.

answer

economy

question

Which of the following became a center of southern steel production in the late 19th century?

answer

Birmingham

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___________ were the catalyst of southern industrial growth.

answer

Railroads

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Which of the following limited economic growth in the South?

answer

low wages

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The Coca-Cola company got its start in _________.

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Atlanta

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__________ dominated southern agriculture between 1877 and 1900.

answer

cotton

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By the 1890s, nearly ___________ percent of all white farmers in the US were tenants or sharecroppers.

answer

question

The Southern Farmers' Alliance originated in _______ in the late 1870s.

answer

Texas

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Which of the following was an important difference between the Colored Farmers' Alliance and the Southern Farmers' Alliance?

answer

The Colored Farmers' Alliance had fewer landowners and more tenants and sharecroppers.

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What problem was the subtreasury plan meant to address?

answer

low cotton prices

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Why did antebellum movements make little headway in the South?

answer

they included abolitionism

question

Most of the major reform efforts in the South in the late 19th century emanated from _____________.

answer

churches

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Which of the following was supported by Rebecca Felton?

answer

sex education

question

The primary interest of most southern white womens' clubs was _________.

answer

the plight of young white working-class and farm women

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Race relations ___________ in the South between the end of Reconstruction and the early 1890s.

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remained remarkably fluid

question

Ida B. Wells was best known for her efforts to combat ______________.

answer

lynchings

question

Plessy v. Ferguson focused on __________.

answer

transportation segregation

question

Jim Crow laws codified _________.

answer

segregation

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The legislative movement to reduce or eliminate the black vote in the South began in the ____________.

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1880s

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Which of the following was true of the South in the decades following after the Civil War?

answer

Southern cities grew faster than those in any other region of the country.

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The _________ party dominated southern politics after 1877.

answer

Democratic

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Captain A.F. Lewis played a key role in the development of the _____________ industry in Texas.

answer

oil

question

Which of the following was a consequence of low wages in the South in the late 19th century?

answer

low consumer demand in the South

question

Which of the following trends occurred in southern cotton cultivation in the late 19th century?

answer

the size of the annual cotton crop grew steadily

question

By 1890, the Farmers' Alliance had more than ________ members.

answer

one million

question

The Holiness disciples advocated ___________.

answer

simple dress and the avoidance of worldly amusements

question

In 1892, Farmers alliance leaders merged their group with ___________.

answer

The People's Party

question

Prior to founding a home mission in Atlanta, Laura Haygood served as a ________.

answer

missionary in China

question

The Women's Christian Temperance Union framed temperance and the prohibition of alcohol as a _______ issue.

answer

family

question

How was T. McCants Stewart, a black northern journalist, treated when he travelled south to visit South Carolina in 1885?

answer

He was treated much better than he expected.

question

For the generation of white southerners who came of age in the 1880s and 1890s, _______ replaced the Yankees as the enemy.

answer

blacks

question

White mobs lynched nearly _________ black southerners between 1882 and 1903.

answer

2,000

question

Plessy v. Ferguson upheld legal segregation so long as ________.

answer

separate but equal facilities were offered to black people

question

Booker T. Washington argued that African Americans should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement until _____________.

answer

they proved their economic worth to American society

question

In the _______, the United States shifted from a technology borrower to a technology innovator.

answer

late nineteenth century

question

Which of the following pioneered horizontal integration in the 1880s?

answer

The Standard Oil Company

question

In the 1880s, factory workers typically worked ___________.

answer

10 hours a day, six days a week

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical wage-earning woman in 1900?

answer

unmarried and under the age of 25

question

The Great Uprising of 1877 was a/an __________.

answer

railroad strike

question

Which of the following was true of Chinese immigrants to the US in the second half of the 19th century?

answer

Most came from Canton in South China.

question

Which of the following groups of immigrants was least likely to return to their homeland?

answer

Jews

question

Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants _____________.

answer

were young men

question

The Japanese Association of America ___________.

answer

encouraged assimilation

question

Which of the following was likely the most important factor of motivating the Great Migration?

answer

job opportunities

question

How did urban growth in the US in the late 19th century differ from urban growth in Europe?

answer

Urban growth in the US was more evenly distributed among many cities.

question

The ___________ emerged as the preferred place of residence for the urban middle class after 1870.

answer

suburb

question

Which of the following groups became part of the urban middle class in the late 19th century?

answer

office workers

question

Originating in the 1850s and 1860s, the _________ began to epitomize the bounty of new industrial capitalism.

answer

department store

question

Which of the following was the leading middle-class spectator sport in the late 19th and early 20th century?

answer

baseball

question

In which of the following areas did scientific theory precede technological innovation?

answer

electricity

question

Elihu Thomson played a key role in the development of the ________ industry.

answer

light bulb

question

Which of the following was a major advantage of the corporation over other forms of business organization?

answer

Officials and shareholders are not personally liable for its debts.

question

Which of the following offers a good example of vertical integration?

answer

meatpacking industry

question

Upton Sinclair's The jungle chronicled conditions in _________.

answer

meatpacking plants

question

By 1910, women compromised __________ percent of all American college students.

answer

question

Pogroms were government-sanctioned attacks on ________ Jews.

answer

Russian

question

What sparked a surge of Japanese immigration to the United States in the late 1880s?

answer

land shortage

question

Landsmanshaften _________________.

answer

helped provide jobs to new immigrants

question

How did late-19th-century nativism differ from its antebellum predecessor?

answer

it targeted Catholics and Jews from southern and eastern Europe.

question

How did the Immigration Restriction League propose to restrict immigration?

answer

by imposing a literacy test

question

In most northern cities in 1900, black people typically worked as ________.

answer

common laborers

question

By 1900, ______ percent of the nation's population lived in cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants.

answer

question

What was the "White City"?

answer

the 1893 World's Fair

question

In the 1850s and 1860s, most department store customers were__________.

answer

middle-class married women

question

The most numerous amounts of Native Americans lived in the _____________.

answer

Great Plains

question

Which of the following was true of all North American Indian tribes?

answer

They all emphasized community welfare over individual interest.

question

In the 1830s, the federal government adopted the policy of ___________.

answer

separating whites and indians

question

At Sand Creek, Colorado, John Chivington led a massacre of ________ men, women, and children.

answer

Cheyenne

question

The Dawes Act ________.

answer

divided tribal lands among individual indians

question

The discovery of Comstock Lode in _________ produced booming mining camps like Virginia City.

answer

Nevada

question

Which of the following was true of the typical mining camp in the mid-nineteenth century?

answer

Their populations were overwhelmingly male.

question

In 1870, more than _________ percent of Idaho's population was Chinese.

answer

question

Which of the following characterized western mining in the 1890s?

answer

advanced technology

question

Which of the following industries developed a pattern similar to mining?

answer

lumber

question

The Chisholm Trail was established by __________.

answer

cattle ranchers

question

How did community leaders in cow towns deal with prostitution and gambling?

answer

They sought to regulate them.

question

By the early 1880s, ________ investors were prominent in the cattle industry.

answer

British

question

Which of the following contributed to the expansion of the cattle industry in the second half of the nineteenth century?

answer

low initial investment costs

question

__________ developed most of the tools, techniques, and trappings that characterized the cattle industry.

answer

Mexicans

question

The Homestead Act offered ________ acres of free land to anyone who would live on the plot and farm it for 5 years.

answer

160

question

Which of the following was an important limitation on the effectiveness of the Homestead Act?

answer

Much of the best land in the West was unavailable to potential homesteaders.

question

Which of the following played the most important role of attracting people to the West?

answer

railroads

question

Who were the "Exodusters"?

answer

African American settlers in Kansas and Nebraska

question

The White Caps sought to defend the rights of _____ in the Southwest.

answer

Hispanics

question

In the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the US _________.

answer

abandoned military posts and trails in the Sioux territory

question

The primary role of the US army in the west was to _____________.

answer

act as a military force

question

Which of the following sparked a new round of warfare on the Great Plains in 1872?

answer

railroad construction

question

The Wounded Knee Massacre took place in the context of government efforts to ____________.

answer

criminalize Indian religious practices

question

The last major American gold rush came in 1874 in _____________.

answer

South Dakota

question

The largest source of paid employment for women in mining towns was ____________.

answer

prostitution

question

In 1885, Rock Springs, Wyoming, was the site of horrific _______ violence.

answer

anti-chinese

question

The acquisition of timberlands, company railroads, and marketing offices by lumber companies is an example of ______________.

answer

vertical integration

question

The cattle industry originated in ___________.

answer

southern Texas

question

How was Wichita able to forgo general business taxes?

answer

by taxing prostitution and charging high fees for liquor licenses

question

After the heyday of the cattle drive, most cow towns became___________.

answer

small farming towns

question

Which of the following contributed to the collapse of the open-range cattle industry?

answer

overgrazing

question

The Homestead Act reflected________.

answer

eastern conceptions of family farms

question

_________ immigrants transformed California agriculture in the second half of the nineteenth century.

answer

Chinese

question

Which of the following agricultural trends occurred in the early 1890s?

answer

wheat prices dropped substantially

question

Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge was an ardent supporter of ____________.

answer

imperialism

question

Social Darwinists believed that the nations of the world ____________.

answer

were locked in a competitive struggle for wealth and power

question

Followers of the ideas of Alfred Mahan emphasized the importance of ________.

answer

naval power

question

In the 1890s, most Americans favored _____________.

answer

economic expansion through foreign trade

question

____________ supported the US annexation of Hawaii.

answer

Many Republicans

question

_____________ was the last major European colony in Latin America.

answer

Cuba

question

Which of the following increased the likelihood of war between US and Spain during the McKinley administration?

answer

the destruction of a US battleship

question

The Teller Amendment ____________.

answer

promised Cuba self-government

question

Commodore George Dewey led the US attack on _____________.

answer

the Philippines

question

The decision to acquire _______ sparked a dramatic debate over the ratification of the Treaty of Paris.

answer

the Philippines

question

Which of the following was true of the Philippine-American War?

answer

The US military forced Filipino civilians into concentration camps.

question

The US open door policy was directed toward ________.

answer

China

question

The Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese __________.

answer

nationalist movement

question

Alarmed at the threat of ____________ expansion in Manchuria and Korea, Japan declared war in 1904.

answer

Russian

question

The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 and 1908 dealt with _________.

answer

Japanese immigration

question

In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court upheld the authority of Congress to establish an inferior status for ___________.

answer

Puerto Rico

question

The Platt Amendment __________.

answer

put strict limits on Cuban independence

question

In order to advance the goal of building a canal in Panama, the US ________.

answer

helped orchestrate a Panamanian uprising against Columbia.

question

The Roosevelt Corollary was first used to justify US intervention in _________.

answer

the Dominican Republic

question

_________ proposed the use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America.

answer

William Taft

question

Which of the following was true of late nineteenth-century American imperialist thought?

answer

it often rested on an assumption of racial superiority

question

Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History?

answer

Alfred Mahan

question

In 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry forced the ______ to open their ports to American products.

answer

Japanese

question

William H. Seward, secretary of state under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, was a ________.

answer

enthusiastic supporter of American expansion

question

In 1895, the US yellow press helped stimulate ______.

answer

popular support for Cuban rebels

question

Which of the following is true of McKinley's response to the revolution in Cuba?

answer

His personal preference was to resolve the conflict through diplomacy.

question

Dewey's victory in the Philippines precipitated the annexation of ______.

answer

Hawaii

question

Which of the following was responsible for the most American deaths during the invasion of Cuba?

answer

disease and accidents

question

Emilio Aguinaldo led the ________ resistance to American rule.

answer

Filipino

question

What was the intent of the US open door policy in China?

answer

to secure equal opportunity for trade and investment

question

Why did American sympathies in the Russo-Japanese War lie with Japan?

answer

The Russians wanted to close Manchuria to foreign trade.

question

In the two decades after the Spanish-American War, the United states intervened militarily in Latin America no fewer than _______ times to promote its own strategic and economic interests.

answer

question

Under the terms of the Platt Amendment, ____________________.

answer

the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to maintain order and preserve Cuban independence

question

Which of the following was true of dollar diplomacy?

answer

It was unpopular in Latin America.

question

_____________ was the most interventionist president in American history.

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

The progressive movement had its roots in the events of the __________.

answer

1890s

question

Events at the Triangle Shirtwaist company in 1911 illustrated __________.

answer

the dangers of the industrial workplace

question

Washington Gladden was best known for his promotion of __________.

answer

the Social Gospel Movement

question

The Octopus, by Frank Norris, dramatized _________.

answer

the power of railroads

question

____________ was America's most prominent socialist in the early 20th century.

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

The ______ Amendment authorized a federal income tax.

answer

16th

question

Settlement houses were generally led and staffed by __________.

answer

middle-class young women

question

In Women and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gillman promoted the idea of ________.

answer

communally organized society

question

The ______ Amendment made prohibition the law of the land.

answer

18th

question

Ida Wells-Barnett was an African American _________.

answer

journalist

question

Most women progressives viewed _______ as the key issue of the period.

answer

suffrage

question

Carrie Chapman Catt was a leader in the fight for ________.

answer

votes for women

question

The Australian ballot ________.

answer

provided secret voting

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the progressive reform of the electoral progress?

answer

The influence of political parties was weakened.

question

Elected governor in 1900, "Fighting Bob" La Follette turned ______ into the "labratory of democracy".

answer

Wisconsin

question

How did Theodore Roosevelt differ from the Gilded Age presidents?

answer

He had an expansive view of the power of the president.

question

How did Roosevelt propose to end the 1902 United Mine Workers Strike?

answer

by setting up an arbitration commission

question

Gifford Pinchot played a key role in Roosevelt's efforts to ________.

answer

advance a conservationist agenda

question

Which of the following would Theodore Roosevelt have agreed?

answer

The federal government should regulate business activity.

question

In 1912, Roosevelt ran for president as the nominee of the _____ party.

answer

Progressive

question

_______ promoted a program called the New Freedom during the 1912 election.

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

Woodrow Wilson won in 1912 with _______ percent of the popular vote.

answer

question

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act _______.

answer

substantially lowered import tariffs

question

The Federal Reserve Act _________.

answer

created 12 regional banks

question

Louis Brandeis _______.

answer

was the first Jew appointed to the Supreme Court

question

Which of the following surged between 1897 and 1903?

answer

mergers between large companies

question

In Applied Sociology, Leste Ward called for social progress through _________.

answer

rational planning and government intervention

question

How did Frederick Taylor propose to increase industrial efficiency?

answer

by imposing work routines, speedups, and mechanization

question

Early 20th century _________ were largely modeled on the institution founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889.

answer

settlement houses

question

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court ruled that laws regulating ______ were constitutional.

answer

hours and working conditions of women

question

Margaret Sanger made the struggle for _________ her personal crusade.

answer

reproductive rights

question

The ratification of the 19th Amendment was the crowning achievement of the early 20th century _________ movement.

answer

woman suffrage

question

Electoral reforms in the North often weakened the political power of ________.

answer

ethnic and working-class Americans

question

The initiative and referendum were intended to give more direct political power to _________.

answer

the people

question

Which of the following was true of TR political career prior to 1900?

answer

He served as the assistant secretary of the Navy.

question

With which of the following statements would have TR agreed?

answer

The president can do anything to meet national needs that the Constitution does not specifically prohibit.

question

Which of the following characterizes Taft?

answer

He was TR's handpicked successor as president.

question

The 1912 election pitted TR's New Nationalism against Wilson's ________.

answer

New Freedom

question

What steps did Wilson take in order to secure victory in the 1916 election?

answer

He reversed his position on a number of social and economic reform measures.

question

How did Wilson limit the effectiveness of the Federal Trade Commission?

answer

He appointed conservatives to lead it.

question

The Central Powers included Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria, and ___________.

answer

Austria

question

Which of the following best characterizes American public opinion at the outset of WWI?

answer

Most Americans believed that the US had no vital interests in the war and they should stay out of it.

question

Why did Wilson end the ban on loans from American banks to the Allies?

answer

Allied war orders were of great importance to the American economy.

question

Which of the following refused to respect the 1909 Declaration of London?

answer

Britain

question

In the Zimmermann Note, Germany promised _______ American territory in exchange for an alliance.

answer

Mexico

question

Under the leadership of Bernard Baruch, the war industries board _________.

answer

guaranteed huge corporate profits

question

Which of the following was true of labor unions during the war?

answer

Their membership increased sharply.

question

In response to labor shortages, public officials and private employers called on ______ to join the workforce.

answer

women

question

How were Germans portrayed in American propaganda?

answer

as monsters

question

The Sedition Act of 1918 provided severe penalties for _________.

answer

speaking against the draft

question

The Selective Service Act of 1917 ________.

answer

established conscription

question

Most women who served in the Great War were _______.

answer

nurses

question

In July 1918, Wilson agreed to commit 15,000 American troops to intervene in __________.

answer

Russia

question

What was the outcome of the Battle of the Argonne Forest?

answer

The massive Allied armed eventually overwhelmed the Germans.

question

Wilson's fourteenth and most important point proposed _______.

answer

the creation of a league of nations

question

Which of the following was a member of the Irreconcilables?

answer

Robert La Follette

question

How did Wilson respond to congressional opposition to the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

He refused to compromise and turned to the public for support.

question

The 1919 influenza epidemic killed approximately ______ Americans.

answer

700,000

question

Which of the following best characterizes the period of economic readjustment that followed WWI?

answer

The Wilson administration had no plans for an orderly reconversion of the wartime economy, and chaos ensued.

question

Wilson feared that _______ would serve as the "greatest medium in conveying bolshevism to America."

answer

returning African American troops

question

At the outset of WWI, the Allies included Britain, France, and __________.

answer

Russia

question

Which of the following government officials was genuinely neutral during the early years of WWI?

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade?

answer

with submarine warfare

question

Under the terms of the Sussex Pledge, Germany promised _______.

answer

not to sink merchant ships without warning

question

In 1916, the Republicans chose _____ as their nominee.

answer

Charles Hughes

question

The new agencies created to regulate the wartime economy were supervised by the ______.

answer

Council of National Defense

question

Which of the following was the most important factor spurring the migration of black people from the rural south during the war?

answer

demand for industrial labor

question

The Committee on Public information sought to _________.

answer

manipulate public opinion

question

Which of the following was true of African American's participation in WWI?

answer

The US military was rigidly segregated.

question

Full-scale American intervention on the Western front began in the ___________.

answer

late spring of 1918

question

Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, _______.

answer

Germany had to accept sole responsibility for starting the war

question

Article Ten of the League of Nations' Covenant bound the member nations to __________.

answer

guarantee each others independence

question

The Reservationists were led by __________.

answer

Henry Cabot Lodge

question

The greatest strike of 1919 involved the American Federation of Labor's attempt to organize ________.

answer

steelworkers

question

In 1919, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover launched a war on ________.

answer

political radicalism

question

The ________ industry drove the economy of the 1920s.

answer

automobile

question

By 1929, the nation's largest corporations controlled nearly _____ percent of all nonbanking corporate wealth.

answer

question

What was the goal of the open-shop campaign?

answer

to break union-shop contracts

question

Welfare capitalism was designed as an alternative to _______.

answer

unions

question

Which of the following industries did poorly in the 1920s?

answer

coal mining

question

Warren Harding appointed _______ as Secretary of Commerce.

answer

Herbert Hoover

question

As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon pressed Congress to ________.

answer

reduce taxes on the wealthy

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the tariff of 1922?

answer

It permitted some American manufacturers to raise their prices.

question

Which of the following best characterizes the Supreme Court in the 1920s?

answer

pro-business

question

Exposed for his role in the Teapot Dome Scandal, _______ became the first cabinet officer in history to go to jail.

answer

Albert Fall

question

In absolute terms, cities in the ______ grew the most during this period.

answer

Northeast and upper Midwest

question

African Americans who participated in the Great Migration were responding chiefly to _________.

answer

the opportunity for economic improvement

question

More than ________ African Americans moved to northern cities in the 1920s.

answer

1.5 million

question

Fifty thousand ______ settled in New York in the 1920s, mainly East Harlem, where they found low-paying jobs.

answer

Puerto Ricans

question

Which of the following is true of modern suburbs of the 1920s?

answer

The modern suburb was made possible by the automobile.

question

President Coolidge considered ________ "the most potent influence in adopting and changing the habits and modes of life... of the whole nation."

answer

advertising

question

Advertisers attempted to redefine the housewife's role as primarily that of a ________.

answer

consumer

question

Sinclair Lewis ridiculed _______ in Babbitt.

answer

middle-class society

question

The National Origins Act of 1924 _______.

answer

set immigration quotas by nationality

question

Admitting only _____, the 1920s Klan embodied the fears of a traditional culture threatened by social change.

answer

native-born white Protestants

question

Which of the following was the world's dominant economic power in the 1920s?

answer

The US

question

American bankers extended large loans to Germany, which used the money to ________.

answer

pay reparations to Britain and France

question

The Kellogg-Briand Pact ________.

answer

renounced aggression and outlawed war

question

During the 1920s, the US ______ in Latin America.

answer

retreated from gunboat diplomacy

question

Which of the following was true of Democratic presidential nominee Alfred E Smith?

answer

He was an opponent of Prohibition.

question

The US more than ______ its capacity to generate electricity during the 1920s.

answer

doubled

question

What role did the government play in helping establish the aviation industry?

answer

It subsidized commercial air service by providing air mail contracts to private carriers.

question

The auto industry in the 1920s is a good example of _______.

answer

oligopoly

question

Yellow-dog contracts required workers to reject _______ if they wanted to keep their jobs.

answer

unions

question

Which of the following adjectives best characterizes Warren Harding?

answer

genial

question

Under Coolidge, federal policies were ______.

answer

closely aligned with business interests

question

The decline in ______ helped create economic opportunities for African Americans.

answer

European immigration

question

________'s The New Negro celebrated a spirit of creativity that resonated with artists and writers in Harlem.

answer

Alain Locke

question

La Orden de Hijos de America, organized in San Antonio in 1921, campaigned against ______.

answer

inequities in the school and jury system

question

Which of the following played a key role in the spread of jazz music across the nation?

answer

the Great Migration

question

_______ had the largest Klan organization in the nation with 50,000 members.

answer

Chicago

question

The Volstead Act established the means by which the _____ Amendment was enforced.

answer

18th

question

The Scopes Trial centered on the issue of ______.

answer

Darwinian evolution

question

The United Fruit Company dominated a number of national economies in _______.

answer

Central America

question

The Clark Memorandum rejected ______.

answer

Roosevelt Corollary

question

Which of the following prolonged the depression?

answer

The Federal Reserve Board restricted the nation's money supply.

question

In 1932, a Howard University sociologist described which group as being particularly affected by the depression, since they were "the last to be hired and the first to be fired."?

answer

African Americans

question

By 1932, ___ percent of the American labor force was out of work.

answer

question

Which of the following was true of American wage-earners in 1932?

answer

Women were less likely than men to be fired.

question

What tactic did the Farmers' Holiday Association adopt in effort to relieve the plight of its members?

answer

It blocked the shipment of produce to urban markets.

question

What was the outcome of the 1932 election?

answer

FDR won a landslide victory over Hoover.

question

As governor of New York, FDR had shown his support for _____.

answer

social welfare

question

Why did Hoover turn to business leaders as a remedy for the Great Depression?

answer

He was opposed to government interference in the economy.

question

Hoover was committed to _______.

answer

voluntarism

question

Which of the following groups organized the Bonus Army?

answer

WWI veterans

question

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created to _______.

answer

regulate the stock market

question

Which New Deal program excluded women from participation?

answer

Civilian Conservation Corps

question

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) subsidized farmers who agreed to ________.

answer

restrict production

question

The symobol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was a _____.

answer

blue eagle

question

Which of the following benefitted the most from the NRA?

answer

big business

question

What was the historical significance of labor actions at the GM plant in Flint, MI in 1937?

answer

The employees won their strike by using the unique tactic of the sit-down strike.

question

The Social Security Act excluded ______.

answer

domestic servants

question

Before its end in 1943, the _____ created 9 million jobs.

answer

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

question

What was the outcome of the 1936 election?

answer

FDR won in a major landslide and Democrats gained large majorities in Congress.

question

Mary McLeod Bethune was _____.

answer

the highest ranking black woman in the Roosevelt administration

question

How did FDR propose to change the Supreme Court in 1937?

answer

He wanted to name a new justice for each one serving past 70.

question

What led to the sharp recession that began in August 1937?

answer

a cut in federal spending

question

In 1937 and 1938, conservatives in Congress ____.

answer

blocked most of FDR's reforms

question

How did Congress respond to FDR's proposed changes to the Supreme Court?

answer

it rejected the plan

question

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 established _______.

answer

the first national minimum wage

question

In the early years of the Roosevelt presidency, foreign policy initiatives focused on _______.

answer

improving the American economy

question

In Latin America, FDR extended Hoover's _________ policy.

answer

Good Neighbor

question

As the leader of the Nazis, Hitler established a ______ government in Germany.

answer

fascist

question

Congressional action in the 1930s aimed to _____.

answer

keep the US from taking sides in the mounting European crisis

question

How did the US government respond to Kristallnacht?

answer

It recalled its ambassador from Berlin.

question

Which of the following is true?

answer

The Wall Street crash marked the beginning of the depression, but did not cause it.

question

By 1929, the 200 largest American corporations controlled _____ percent of the nation's corporate wealth.

answer

question

How did the depression effect family life in the early 1930s?

answer

desertion of spouses increased

question

According to Hoover, "the only trouble with capitalism is _____."

answer

capitalists

question

As the Great Depression worsened, Hoover _____.

answer

adopted more activist policies

question

By the time FDR won the 1932 election and the time he took office in 1933, _____.

answer

the nation was hit by a banking crisis

question

Upon becoming president, what did FDR tackle first?

answer

the banking crisis

question

Which of the following was one of the four individuals who demanded government action to assist groups neglected by the New Deal?

answer

Francis Townshend

question

Which of the following provides evidence of the conservative nature of the Social Security Act?

answer

its lack of health insurance

question

The Revenue Act of 1935 provided for _____.

answer

graduated income taxes

question

When questioned about the inclusion of programs for this group in the Works Progress Administration (WPA), FDR responded, "Why not? They are human beings. They have to live."

answer

artists

question

Entering into his second term, FDR regarded _____ as his most dangerous adversary.

answer

the Supreme Court

question

How did FDR attempt to influence the outcome of the 1938 congressional elections?

answer

He appealed directly to the public.

question

After annexing ____, Hitler demanded parts of Czechoslovakia.

answer

Austria

question

Who did Hitler blame for most of Germany's problems?

answer

the Jews

question

Which of the following sought to create a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

answer

Japan

question

The axis powers included _________.

answer

Germany, Italy, and Japan

question

WWII in Europe began in 1939 with the German invasion of ________.

answer

Poland

question

In 1940, the US traded 50 destroyers for _______.

answer

the use of military bases in British territories

question

Which of the following escaped undamaged after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

answer

US aircraft carriers

question

WWII was fought on ____ distinct fronts.

answer

question

The turning point of the war in Europe came at ________.

answer

Stalingrad

question

Soviet success from 1942 on was made possible by ______.

answer

the revival of Soviet military manufacturing

question

Which of the following tipped the balance of power in the Allies favor in the Battle of the Atlantic?

answer

radar and sonar

question

At the Battle of the Coral Sea, US aircraft carriers halted a Japanese thrust toward _______.

answer

Australia

question

The Office of Price Administration fought ______ with price controls and rationing.

answer

inflation

question

America per capita income _______ during WWII.

answer

doubled

question

Which of the following is true of radar?

answer

Its development was the Allies most expensive scientific effort during the war.

question

The Manhattan Project led to the development of the _______.

answer

the atomic bomb

question

Why did the Army Signal Corps decide to use Navajo language to transmit vital information?

answer

The Navajo had not been studied by German anthropologists.

question

How did WWII affect US marriage rate?

answer

The war years brought together 1.2 million "extra" marriages, compared to the rate for the period 1920-1939.

question

Women held _____ percent of manufacturing jobs during WWII.

answer

question

What was the purpose of the bracero program?

answer

to recruit Mexican workers to come to the US

question

Executive Order 8802 ______.

answer

barred racial discrimination in defense contracts

question

In Korematsu vs. US, the Supreme Court ruled that ______.

answer

the internment of Japanese Americans was constitutional

question

The unanswered military question of 1942 and 1943 was when the US and Great Britain would ______.

answer

open a second front against Germany in France

question

The Battle of ______ marked the end of the last great German offensive.

answer

Kursk

question

Operation OVERLORD was the codename for the Allied campaign in _______.

answer

northern France

question

The "final solution" to what Hitler thought was the "Jewish problem" was ________.

answer

mass murder

question

The most important American goal at the Yalta conference was to _____.

answer

enlist the Soviet Union in finishing off the Pacific War

question

Which of the following was a root cause of WWII?

answer

the economic crisis of the 1930s

question

Hitler's greatest advantage at the start of WWII was ________.

answer

the ability to attack when and where he chose

question

_______ was a leading spokesman for the America First Committee.

answer

Charles Lindbergh

question

Which of the following was true of the Atlantic Charter?

answer

It provided justification for American involvement in the war.

question

The US decision to build a "two-ocean navy" antagonized _______.

answer

Japan

question

Why did the Allies decide to defeat Germany first?

answer

Germany was far stronger than Japan.

question

The Battle of Midway _______.

answer

ended Japanese efforts to expand in the Pacific

question

American aircraft workers were _____ as productive as their German counterparts.

answer

twice

question

Which of the following was true of the experience of African Americans in the military during WWII?

answer

They served in segregated units.

question

The initial military draft targeted _______.

answer

single men

question

A. Philip Randolph put pressure on FDR administration to end discrimination in the defense industry by ______.

answer

planning a march on Washington

question

Japanese Americans living in ________ were primary targets for internment.

answer

California

question

At Tehran, the US and Britain promised to invade ____ within 6 months.

answer

France

question

The Allied campaign in Italy was ____.

answer

slow and costly

question

Which of the following countries had the most combined military and civilian deaths after WWII?

answer

The Soviet Union

question

Returning veterans came home to ______.

answer

food shortages

question

The Employment Act of 1946 defined _____ as a national goal.

answer

economic growth

question

The Taft-Hartly Act targeted ______.

answer

organized labor

question

The Serviceman's Readjustment Act _______.

answer

helped veterans buy homes

question

By 1950, the median age at which women married was _____.

answer

question

In 1948, Truman tried to position himself _______.

answer

in the political center

question

Who was the Dixiecrat candidate for president in 1948?

answer

Strom Thurmond

question

Which of the following undermined Tom Dewey's campaign for president?

answer

the results of the 80th Congress

question

Who carried out a "whistle stop" campaign in 1948?

answer

Harry Truman

question

Which of the following was true of Truman's Fair Deal?

answer

It promised to extend the New Deal.

question

In 1947, the US and Soviet Union came close to war over the city of _________.

answer

Berlin

question

The Yalta Conference of February 1945 ________.

answer

marked out rough spheres of influence

question

Which of the following was true of the Marshall Plan?

answer

The Soviet Union and Eastern European nations were invited to participate.

question

In early 1948, the Soviets targeted _____ for political takeover.

answer

Czechoslovakia

question

The Soviets responded to the establishment of NATO with the creation of ______.

answer

the Warsaw Pact

question

The second nation to become a nuclear power was ________.

answer

the Soviet Union

question

In 1949, Jiang Jieshi's _______ Nationalist regime collapsed.

answer

Chinese

question

Which of the following was true of NSC-68?

answer

It called for massive increases in defense spending.

question

From 1910-1945, Korea was an oppressed colony of _______.

answer

Japan

question

Which of the following slowed truce talks over Korea?

answer

the status of Chinese prisoners of war

question

The US Communist Party was _____ as a political factor after WWII.

answer

rapidly declining

question

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) took a particular interest in ______.

answer

Hollywood

question

The McCarran Committee targeted diplomats, professors, school teachers, and ________.

answer

labor union leaders

question

Convicted in 1951 of conspiring to commit espionage, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were ______.

answer

sent to the electric chair

question

In 1951, Senator Joseph McCarthy called _______ an agent of Communism.

answer

George Marshall

question

Which of the following contributed to the wave of strikes in 1945 and 1946?

answer

inflation

question

Which of the following helped prevent mass unemployment at the end of WWII?

answer

pent-up demand

question

William Levitt is best known for _______.

answer

building small, inexpensive houses

question

In 1948, the American Progressive Party nominated _______.

answer

Henry Wallace

question

Truman used confrontation with ____ to rally voters who had supported the New Deal.

answer

Congress

question

When Congress revitalized the weak Social Security Program in 1950, most of the new coverage went to _______.

answer

rural and small-town people

question

The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank _______.

answer

reinforced economic influence of the US

question

George Kennan's "long telegram" depicted _____ as an expansionist power bent on global domination.

answer

the Soviet Union

question

How did the US respond to the Berlin Blockade?

answer

It airlifted supplies into Berlin.

question

The first hydrogen bomb tested by the US released _____ times as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb.

answer

100

question

Who did the Republicans blame for Mao's victory in the Chinese Civil War?

answer

President Truman

question

How did the Korean War begin?

answer

with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea

question

The "second red scare" was an assault on ______ that stretched from the mid 1940s to the mid 1950s.

answer

civil liberties

question

Executive order 9835 initiated a _______.

answer

loyalty program for federal employees

question

Senator McCarthy burst into a national prominence with a speech in _______.

answer

Wheeling, West Virginia

STUDY

AP United States History Blacks And Poor Central Pacific Railroad George Armstrong Custer Little Big Horn Native American Children Wade Davis Bill

U.S. History Since 1877 – Quiz 1 (Midterm Supplemental) – Flashcards 21 terms

Mya Day

21 terms

Preview

U.S. History Since 1877 – Quiz 1 (Midterm Supplemental) – Flashcards

question

A common element among all native tribes of the West was their...

answer

nomadic wandering that relied on searching for dietary supplements.

question

The factors that resulted in many Indian deaths on the Great Plains included... (Four Parts)

answer

1) the spread of smallpox, 2) starvation caused by decimation of the buffalo herds, 3) the Indian's lack of immunities to new diseases, and 4) deliberate massacres by U.S. troops.

question

White Americans destroyed the buffalo herds because... (Three Parts)

answer

1) depleting the number of buffalo would make Native American tribes easier to subdue, 2) white sport hunters killed numerous buffalo, and 3) buffaloes were killed because they were seen as obstructions to railway traffic.

question

What happened at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890?

answer

At least 150 Souix men, women, and children were slaughtered.

question

The cattle industry and "cattle drives" originated in...

answer

Texas.

question

How did the railroads affect mining, industry, and cattle production?

answer

Railroads boosted all three.

question

The Chisholm Trail was used to...

answer

drive cattle northward.

question

Railway companies encouraged settlers to come to the west by (blank) and did this (blank). a) advertising; because they could not find laborers to build rail lines, b) advertising; so they could grow food that could be transported on rail lines, c) offering bonuses; by distributing free land to new settlers, or d) offering moving expenses to churches; so that christianity could become the official religion of the west

answer

(UNDEFINED)

question

What happened at the Little Big Horn river?

answer

General George Armstrong Custer was killed along with his entire command.

question

The frontier as an essential part of the development of the American Character is called the...

answer

Turner Thesis.

question

The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in...

answer

Utah.

question

The plains tribes were finally defeated...

answer

because it was difficult for them to sustain their traditional Indian economy.

question

What event marked the closing of the frontier? a) Statehood of Oklahoma b) the Oklahoma Landrush c) the opening of Oklahoma Territory for cattle drives d)completion of the transcontinental railroad

answer

(UNDEFINED)

question

Effects of the Dawes Act included...

answer

more Indian land being owned by whites

question

Which of the following describes the Homestead Act of 1863? a) It provided 160 acres of free land to qualified white men b) Homesteaders were required to occupy and improve the land c) Republican leaders hoped it would bring white settlers to the Pacific coastal areas. d)Land speculators accumulated most of the available homesteads.

answer

(UNDEFINED)

question

Which Indian trive was pursued 1,100 miles and forced to surrender just south of the Canadian border in 1877?

answer

Nez Perce.

question

What was the purpose of Indian boarding schools in the late nineteenth century?

answer

To assimilate Native American children more easily into white culture.

question

Reformers believed that the best way to save the Indians was through... a) education. b) reservations. c) colonization. d) accommodation.

answer

(UNDEFINED)

question

Technological advance that plated an important role in opening up the Great Plains to farming was...

answer

Steel plows and other farm machinery.

question

The corporate cattle boom collapsed because...

answer

corporations overstocked ranges which caused ecological disaster.

question

Ecological disasters that plagued the Cattle Kingdom did NOT include...

answer

the overgrowth of sagebrush as a result of overstocked ranges.

STUDY

Blacks And Poor Civics Literacy Tests And Poll Taxes United States Constitution

Crossword Puzzle Chp 6 27 terms

Ruth Jones

27 terms

Preview

Crossword Puzzle Chp 6

question

A tax that states required in order to vote. This is now illegal.

answer

Poll Tax

question

At first, only males who owned this were allowed to vote.

answer

Land

question

Greek term for Athenian citizens who did not vote or participate in public life.

answer

Idiot

question

A 45 year old college educated hispanic female who makes $60,000 per year would most likely vote for a ________?

answer

Democrat

question

This civil right was signed into law in 1965 and guaranteed racially equality when voting.

answer

Voting Rights Act

question

This war was the main reason why the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18.

answer

Vietnam

question

The practice of voting for candidates of only one party (all Republican or all Democrats)

answer

Straight ticket voting

question

When election officials remove the names of people who are not longer eligible to vote.

answer

Purging

question

Term for someone who is eligible to vote but chooses not to.

answer

Non-voter

question

The procedure of voter identification. This is a list of qualified voters who are eligible to participate in an election.

answer

Registration

question

Ratified in 1920, this amendment granted women the right to vote.

answer

Nineteenth

question

This amendment made it illegal to deny citizens the right to vote based on their race or skin color.

answer

Fifteenth

question

Term for the potential voting population. Today, over 230 million people are eligible to vote in the U.S.

answer

Electorate

question

A person who does not vote for a number of valid reasons: mentally, physically unable , out of the country, religious beliefs,...

answer

Can not voter

question

This amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.

answer

Twenty sixth

question

This amendment was ratified in 1964 and outlawed poll taxes as a requirement to vote.

answer

Twenty Fourth

question

This was the first state in the U.S. to give women the vote in 1869.

answer

Wyoming

question

This gender tends to vote for Democratic candidates.

answer

Women

question

States used to test people on their ability to read or write in order to vote.

answer

Literacy

question

As a result of the Supreme Court case Dunn v.s. Blumstein, 1972, the court ruled that this is the minimum number of days someone needs to live in their state before they can vote.

answer

Thirty

question

Term for the right to vote.

answer

Suffrage

question

The term used to describe people who have not party affiliation.

answer

Independants

question

This amendment allowed votes in Washington, D.C. to participate in elections.

answer

Twenty Third

question

Nonvoters who believe that their vote will not impact the government lact political ________?

answer

Efficacy

question

The area of the country where most nonvoters live.

answer

South

question

The practice of drawing electoral district lines in order to limit the voting strength of a particular group.

answer

Gerrymandering

question

In general, nonvoters are likely to be under the age of _________?

answer

Thirty Five

STUDY

AP United States History AP World History Blacks And Poor Failed The Test Pure Food And Drug Act

History ch 18/19 – Flashcards 40 terms

Candace Young

40 terms

Preview

History ch 18/19 – Flashcards

question

The word Progressivism came into common use around 1910 as:

answer

a way of describing a broad, loosely defined political movement of individuals and groups.

question

The Progressive movement drew its strength from:

answer

middle-class reformers.

question

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century:

answer

lived in close-knit communities.

question

The new concepts of a "living wage" and the "American standard of living":

answer

allowed for criticism of the inequalities of wealth and power.

question

By 1912, the Socialist Party:

answer

had elected scores of local officials.

question

Which statement about the American Federation of Labor in the early twentieth century is FALSE?

answer

The AFL proposed an overthrow of the capitalist system.

question

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is FALSE?

answer

The strikers asked the American Federation of Labor for assistance.

question

Jane Addams:

answer

advocated for the working poor.

question

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court:

answer

argued that women were too weak to work long hours.

question

In 1912, New Freedom was:

answer

Woodrow Wilson's campaign pledge that government should renew economic competition with less government intervention.

question

Progressive-era immigration formed part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by industrial expansion and the decline of traditional agriculture.

answer

True

question

During the Progressive era, the working woman became a symbol of female emancipation.

answer

False

question

Socialism had made such inroads in popularity that by 1914 the U.S. Congress had a socialist representative.

answer

True

question

Like the abolitionist movement before it, the labor movement, in the name of freedom, demanded the right to assemble, organize, and spread its views.

answer

True

question

The federal government enacted most of the era's reform measures.

answer

False

question

The new woman was college educated, middle class, and devoted to providing social services.

answer

True

question

The conservation movement reflected the Progressive thrust toward efficiency and control.

answer

True

question

When Theodore Roosevelt failed to win the Republican nomination for president in 1912, he formed his own political party.

answer

True

question

Once in office, Woodrow Wilson was a fierce trustbuster, dismantling more than twenty monopolies.

answer

False

question

Progressives wished to completely overthrow industrial capitalism.

answer

false

question

America's empire in the early twentieth century was all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

territorial.

question

Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of:

answer

his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.

question

Woodrow Wilson's moral imperialism in Latin America produced

answer

more military interventions than any other president before or since.

question

The Fourteen Points:

answer

sought to establish the right of national self-determination.

question

During World War I, the federal government:

answer

increased corporate and individual income taxes.

question

The Committee on Public Information:

answer

was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.

question

Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress:

answer

did not support U.S. entry into World War I.

question

When Eugene Debs was sentenced under the Espionage Act, what did he tell the jury?

answer

that Americans in the past who spoke out against colonialism, slavery, or the Mexican War were not indicted or charged with treason

question

"Americanization":

answer

refers to the process of assimilation.

question

W. E. B. Du Bois:

answer

founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

question

The Roosevelt Corollary claimed for the United States the right to exercise an international police power in the Western Hemisphere.

answer

True

question

Suffrage for women had been granted in the western states more than in the eastern states.

answer

True

question

The Espionage Act of 1917 prohibited not only spying and interfering with the draft but also "false statements" that might impede military success.

answer

True

question

Patriotism during World War I meant support for the government, the war, and the American economic system.

answer

True

question

During World War I, most Progressives were outraged at the broad suppression of freedom of expression and spoke out against the Sedition Act.

answer

False

question

Americanization programs often targeted second-generation children as they were less likely to be stuck in the "Old World ways."

answer

True

question

Progressive intellectuals, social scientists, labor reformers, and suffrage advocates displayed a remarkable indifference to the black condition in the early twentieth century.

answer

True

question

World War I opened thousands of industrial jobs to black laborers for the first time, inspiring a large-scale migration from South to North called the Great Migration.

answer

True

question

Marcus Garvey launched a separatist movement, encouraging blacks to embrace their African heritage.

answer

True

question

The Red Scare was a short-lived but intense period of political intolerance inspired by the postwar strike wave and the social tensions and fears generated by the Russian Revolution.

answer

True

STUDY

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