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Applied Criminology 1 Conflict Theorists Argue That Criminology Uniform Crime Reports

Criminology Analysis – Flashcards 60 terms

Larry Charles

60 terms

Preview

Criminology Analysis – Flashcards

question

A criminologist uses guess work and supposition to study and analyze crime and criminals. False True

answer

False

question

What is the scientific study of crime called? criminology ethnography criminal justice semantics

answer

criminology

question

Standards of human behavior are known as norms. False True

answer

True

question

Which set of terms best describe folkways? established customs formal norms the study of crime standard behaviors

answer

established customs

question

What is one possible problem with the statistics in the NCVS? Not all law enforcement precincts participate in the data collection. It only takes into account white-collar crimes. Crimes are often over-reported. People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.

answer

People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.

question

One of the reasons that affect the accuracy of crime statistics, is the fact that many crimes are not reported to law enforcement. False True

answer

True

question

Mens rea literally means what? criminal act guilty mind deviant person blank slate

answer

guilty mind

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Which of the following is the justification if you were being forced to commit a crime? duress ignorance accident self-defense

answer

duress

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Many juveniles are not tried as an adult because they are presumed to be too young to fully understand the consequences of the criminal act. False True

answer

True

question

Crime statistics are more accurate because almost all crime is reported to law enforcement. True False

answer

False

question

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) reports statistics on the following crimes. (Select all that apply) property crime violent crime disorderly conduct fraud

answer

property crime violent crime fraud

question

In the United States, the primary source of crime statistics comes from which of the following sources? Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) U.S. Crime Bureau National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Criminal justice professionals

answer

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

question

In official statistics, crime is often __________. under-reported accurate exact over-reported

answer

under-reported

question

Which of these is (are) true about criminology surveys? (Select all that apply) a. They can be mailed to the respondents. b. They can only be done at scene of crime. c. They can be given through face to face interviews. d. They can be given over the phone.

answer

They can be mailed to the respondents. They can be given through face to face interviews. They can be given over the phone.

question

Different aspects of crime can focus on which of the following? (Select all that apply) criminal psychology criminal laws criminal behavior criminal expectations

answer

criminal psychology criminal laws criminal behavior

question

Surveys are also used to get "self-report" data, regarding any possible crimes the respondents may have committed personally. False True

answer

True

question

The actual criminal act that the person is accused of is known as __________. self-defense deviance mens rea actus reus

answer

actus reus

question

Which of the following are ways researchers commonly study criminology. (Select all that apply) Interview both victims and criminals Ride along with law enforcement officers Conduct experiments Observe certain groups, such as gangs

answer

Interview both victims and criminals Ride along with law enforcement officers Observe certain groups, such as gangs

question

Before an illicit act is considered a crime, there has to be an established mores against it. False True

answer

False

question

Laws are formal norms that have been written down and have consequences for breaking them. False True

answer

True

question

Crime is a straightforward, easy topic to research and study. False True

answer

False

question

Human actions that violate the formalized laws of a country, state, or local area, like a city or township, is referred to as __________. norms crime social polices laws

answer

crime

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One of the most common research methods in criminology is which of the following? ethnography experiments surveys participant observation

answer

surveys

question

In order for a person to claim duress, they have to show that they were in fear for their safety or life. False True

answer

True

question

When societies decide which behaviors should be illegal and which ones should not, these decisions may be biased based on what element? power law enforcement politics criminal law

answer

politics

question

Experiments are most common in which discipline? Criminal Justice Sociology Criminology Psychology

answer

Psychology

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One of the best ways researchers can get the data they need is to ride around with police and observe how they interact with victims. False True

answer

True

question

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects specific data on all the following except __________. homicide crimes victim information where crime happened the time of day the crime took place

answer

homicide crimes

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Which of these is the job title of someone who collects and examines evidence in actual crimes? criminologist criminal criminal justice professional criminalist

answer

criminalist

question

Deviance is simply any act that violates what? regulations society's norms politics social polices

answer

society's norms

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1. The labeling theory is one example of a(n) __________ approach to crime. psychological interactionist transformative criminal

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interactionist

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2. The 'pleasure seeking' gene has been found to control __________ levels in the brain. dopamine testosterone transmitter serotonin

answer

dopamine

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3. The initial acts of deviance that a person might commit are known as __________. catalyst deviance beginning deviance first deviance primary deviance

answer

first deviance

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4. According to Stark, which area would be most likely to have a high crime rate? A very hot and humid environment A rural area with few police A rich, low population neighborhood A dense, mixed-use neighborhood

answer

A dense, mixed-use neighborhood

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5. Somatotyping uses __________ to explain criminal tendencies. hormones personality weather body type

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body type

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6. Ectomorphs are individuals who are thin and frail. True False

answer

True

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7. Conflict theorists argue that those who are __________ use the law in order to reinforce their place in society. poor disenfranchised outsiders powerful

answer

powerful

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8. Franz Joseph Gull suggested that a person's heart could predict their criminal tendencies. True False

answer

False

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9. Insanity is a medical diagnosis, rather than a legal term. False True

answer

False

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10. The DRD2 A1 allele, or pleasure-seeking gene, may be related to crime in what way? a. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may be less afraid of deterrents like fines or jail time. b. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may get angrier or more agressive more easily. c. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may find it more enjoyable to hurt other people. d. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may turn to drugs to compensate.

answer

d. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may turn to drugs to compensate.

question

11. Which theory argues that the way society is organized or structured produces deviance and crime, even among "normal" people? labeling theory conflict theories differential opportunity theory strain theory

answer

strain theory

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12. Which theory says that people have differing amounts of access to illegitimate means of reaching society's goals? social learning theory conflict theory labeling theory differential opportunity theory

answer

differential opportunity theory

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13. According to self-control theory, how does an individual's self-control develop? Everyone has the same level of self-control. Individuals are born with their level of self-control. Self-control changes from day to day. Self-control develops during childhood.

answer

Self-control develops during childhood.

question

14. William H. Sheldon argued that which body type was most likely to commit crimes? endomorphs ectomorphs mesomorphs dynamorphs

answer

mesomorphs

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15. The hormone testosterone has been linked to aggression. True False

answer

True

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16. Labeling theory suggests that only the positive labels given to individuals by society may become a "self-fulfilling prophecy." True False

answer

True

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17. Psychological profiling is also known as criminal profiling. False True

answer

True

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18. Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitating and learning from others? Albert Bandura Emile Durkheim Travis Hirschi Daniel M'Naughten

answer

Albert Bandura

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19. Based on the labeling theory, ritualism means that people continue to accept the societal goal but abandon the socially accepted means to achieve that goal. False True

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False

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20. For criminologists, social structure includes only the physical features and landscape of a place. False True

answer

False

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21. Secondary deviance is continued deviance. False True

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True

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22. Theory of deviant places focuses on the idea that it is the type of place that makes a difference in crime. True False

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True

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23. Mesomorphs have which of the following body types? overweight thin and frail average muscular and athletic

answer

muscular and athletic

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24. Who suggested that a person's physical characteristics could predict whether they were criminal or not? Daniel M'Naughten Hans J. Eysenck Emile Durkheim Cesare Lombroso

answer

Cesare Lombroso

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25. Phrenology suggested that by seeing or feeling a person's skull, we could have insight into their personality and which characteristics were over or under developed. True False

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True

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26. Which of the following describes both the physical structure of society and the organization of society (such as the distribution of resources like wealth and power)? social media social structure social conditions social norms

answer

Social structure

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27. Who argued in the 1960s that society creates deviance and deviant individuals by responding in particular ways to behaviors and actions? Richard Cloward Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Howard Becker

answer

Howard Becker

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28. Criminologists believe that the social environment has a direct effect on crime. True False

answer

True

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29. Who proposed 30 different suggestions for why crime remained high in some areas even when there was high population turn-over? Emile Durkheim Fredrick Ohlin Karl Marx Rodney Stark

answer

Rodney Stark

question

30. Someone suffering from delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking may be experiencing __________. psychosis mental break depression social dysfunction

answer

psychosis

STUDY

Applied Criminology 1 Cloward And Ohlin Conflict Theorists Argue That Criminology Social Disorganization Theory Uniform Crime Reports

Criminology Midterm – Flashcards 59 terms

Stephanie Landry

59 terms

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Criminology Midterm – Flashcards

question

True or False: A criminologist is an individual who studies crime and criminals.

answer

True

question

Deviance is simply any act which violates what?

answer

Society's Norms

question

Mens Rea literally means what?

answer

Guilty Mind

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True or False: What is deviant in one place or in one time period may not be deviant in other places or in other time periods.

answer

True

question

What are norms that have an underlying shared assumptions of approval or disapproval?

answer

question

True or False: Crime is a straightforward, easy topic to research and study.

answer

False

question

What are formal norms called?

answer

Laws

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True or False: Mens rea is the actual act that the person is accused of.

answer

False

question

Who argued that deviance has benefits for society?

answer

Emile Durkheim

question

What is one possible problem with the statistics in the NCVS?

answer

People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.

question

Who is someone who collects and examines evidence in actual crimes?

answer

Criminalist

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If you commit a crime under duress, what does this mean?

answer

You were forced to commit the crime.

question

The FBI collects which crime statistics?

answer

Uniform Crime Reports

question

In official statistics, crime is which of the following? Over reporting, Exact, Under-Reported, or Accurate

answer

Under-Reported

question

True or False: Experiments are very common in criminology, but not in psychology.

answer

False

question

True or False: Researchers have ruled out pollution as a potential cause of crime.

answer

False

question

True or False: Criminologists do not believe that biology has any effect on crime.

answer

False

question

William H. Sheldon argued that which body type was most likely to commit crimes?

answer

Mesomorphs

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One of the first instances when the "not guilty by reasons of insanity" defenses was used involved which defendant?

answer

Daniel M'Naughten

question

True or False: Bandura argued that once a person has learned aggressive behavior, something had to trigger it.

answer

True

question

Franz Joseph Gull suggested that a person's what could predict their criminal tendencies?

answer

Skull

question

Mesomorphs have which of the following body types?

answer

Muscular and Athletic

question

Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitation and learning from others?

answer

Albert Bandura

question

True or False: The hormone testosterone has been linked to aggression.

answer

True

question

Who suggested that a person's physical characteristics could predict whether they were criminal or not?

answer

Cesare Lombroso

question

True or False: Constitutional theories are those that explain crimes as related to psychological attributes.

answer

False

question

True or False: The substantial-capacity test states that an individual should have the mental capacity to understand that an act is wrong or conform his or her behavior to the law.

answer

True

question

True or False: Harold G. Grasmick suggested that people with low self-control are drawn to risk-taking behaviors that are exciting and dangerous.

answer

True

question

True or False: Phrenology suggested that by seeing or feeling a person's skull, we could have insight into their personality and which characteristics were over or under developed.

answer

True

question

In Merton's strain theory, which category involves individuals accepting the societal goal but using new ways of reaching that goal?

answer

Innovation

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True or False: Criminologists don't believe that the social environment has any effect on crime.

answer

False

question

Conflict theorists argue that who uses the law in order to reinforce their place in society?

answer

Powerful

question

What are external forces that influence our actions and lives?

answer

Social Conditions

question

Social sickness is also called what?

answer

Social Pathology

question

True or False: With the adaptation of rebellion, people reject both the goal and the means of reaching the goal, but replace them with different goals and means of reaching them.

answer

True

question

True or False: Secondary deviance is continued deviance.

answer

True

question

Which theory examines how geographical location and features in that location affect crime?

answer

Environmental criminology

question

Which theory says that people have differing amounts of access to illegitimate means of reaching society's goals?

answer

Differential opportunity theory

question

True or False: Merton argued that anomie occurs when society emphasizes a goal but the accepted means to achieve that goal are inadequate.

answer

True

question

True or False: Radical criminology theories argue that crime like most human behavior is learned through watching other people and interacting with them.

answer

False

question

Who argued in the 1960s that society creates deviance and deviant individuals by responding in particular ways to behaviors and actions?

answer

Howard Becker

question

What theory argues that the causes of crime are located in the social conditions of a society that empower the wealthy and disenfranchise the poor and others less fortunate?

answer

Radical Criminology

question

Which theory argues that crime is due to social conflict, social change, and a lack of consensus in the group?

answer

Social Disorganization Theory

question

Who proposed 30 different suggestions for why crime remained high in some areas even when there was high population turn-over?

answer

Rodney Stark

question

Which of the following includes robbery that occurs at businesses and commercial settings, such as banks or convenience stores?

answer

Institutional Robbery

question

True or False: Mass murders are homicides that involve the murder of several individuals in at least three separate events.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT a crime against persons? Homicide, Assault, Robbery, Arson

answer

Arson

question

True or False: Statistics on arson are limited in the sense that only fires classified as arson are reported to agencies like the FBI.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT classified as a crime against property? Larceny, Burglary, Arson, Robbery

answer

Robbery

question

In 2003, the number of homicides was what percent of the total number of crimes reported?

answer

Less than one percent

question

True or False: Crime statistics indicate that arson is the most frequently property crime.

answer

False

question

What type of homicide includes crimes in which the offender planned to kill another person and then carried out the act?

answer

First Degree Murder

question

About what percent of homicide victims knew their killer?

answer

43%

question

True or False: Homicide is the most frequent crime.

answer

False

question

True or False: Females are more likely to be the perpetrator of homicide than males.

answer

False

question

True or False: Assaults have been declining since the early 1990's.

answer

True

question

True or False: Research indicates that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

True

question

In about what perfect of home robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

Forty Percent

question

True or False: Some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.

answer

True

STUDY

Applied Criminology 1 Cloward And Ohlin Conflict Theorists Argue That Criminal Justice Criminology

Criminology Study Guide Units 1-8 – Flashcards 120 terms

Brenda Gannon

120 terms

Preview

Criminology Study Guide Units 1-8 – Flashcards

question

What is deviant in one place or in one time period may not be deviant in other places or in other time periods.

answer

True

question

One of the most common research methods in criminology is which of the following?

answer

Surveys

question

Insanity pleas do not happen as often in real life as on television.

answer

True

question

Deviance is simply any act which violates what?

answer

Society's norms

question

The Uniform Crime Reports involve giving a survey to individuals to see if they have been victimized within a given time period.

answer

False

question

What are norms that have an underlying shared assumption of approval or disapproval?

answer

question

The FBI collects which crime statistics?

answer

Uniform Crime Reports

question

Experiments are very common in criminology, but not in psychology.

answer

False

question

Mens rea literally means what?

answer

Guilty mind

question

Crime is a straightforward, easy topic to research and study.

answer

False

question

Crime statistics are incredibly accurate.

answer

False

question

What are formal norms called?

answer

Laws

question

Mens rea is the actual act that the person is accused of.

answer

False

question

In official statistics, crime is which of the following?

answer

Under-reported

question

If there is no what, there is no crime?

answer

Law

question

Researchers have ruled out pollution as a potential cause of crime.

answer

False

question

Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitating and learning from others?

answer

Albert Bandura

question

Who suggested that a person's physical characteristics could predict whether they were criminal or not?

answer

Cesare Lombroso

question

Somatotyping uses what to explain crime?

answer

Body type

question

William H. Sheldon argued that which body type was most likely to commit crimes?

answer

Mesomorphs

question

The substantial-capacity test states that an individual should have the mental capacity to understand that an act is wrong or conform his or her behavior to the law.

answer

True

question

Freud argued that which part of our personality held our unconscious urges, desires, and drives?

answer

question

The Behavioral Science Unit (BSI) is a part of what agency?

answer

FBI

question

Hans J. Eysenck in the 1960s argued that crime was related to what?

answer

Personality traits

question

Harold G. Grasmick suggested that people with low self-control are drawn to risk-taking behaviors that are exciting and dangerous.

answer

True

question

Franz Joseph Gull suggested that a person's what could predict their criminal tendencies?

answer

Skull

question

A GBMI decision in a trial means what?

answer

The person is mentally ill, but is still responsible for his crimes.

question

What weather factor is consistently connected to crime in studies?

answer

Temperature

question

What food was used as a defense for murder in the 1980s?

answer

Sugar

question

Criminologists do not believe that biology has any effect on crime.

answer

False

question

With the adaptation of rebellion, people reject both the goal and the means of reaching the goal, but replace them with different goals and means of reaching them.

answer

True

question

When a group is experiencing a lot of upheaval or social change for some reason, crime may increase, according to social disorganization theory.

answer

True

question

Which theory examines how geographical location and features in that location affect crime?

answer

Environmental criminology

question

Radical criminology theories argue that crime like most human behavior is learned through watching other people and interacting with them.

answer

False

question

Merton argued that anomie occurs when society emphasizes a goal but the accepted means to achieve that goal are inadequate.

answer

True

question

Cloward and Ohlin argued that some people have a greater access to illegal opportunities than other people.

answer

True

question

What theory argues that the causes of crime are located in the social conditions of a society that empower the wealthy and disenfranchise the poor and others less fortunate?

answer

Radical criminology

question

For criminologists, social structure includes only the physical features and landscape of a place.

answer

False

question

Secondary deviance is continued deviance.

answer

True

question

Which theory argues that crime is due to social conflict, social change, and a lack of consensus in the group?

answer

Social disorganization theory

question

Which theory says that people have differing amounts of access to illegitimate means of reaching society's goals?

answer

Differential opportunity theory

question

Anomie means what?

answer

Normlessness

question

Social sickness is also called what?

answer

Social Pathology

question

Criminologists don't believe that the social environment has any effect on crime.

answer

False

question

What are external forces that influence our actions and lives?

answer

Social conditions

question

Individuals who commit assaults are most likely to be in which age group?

answer

15-34

question

What type of homicide is that in which the victim and perpetrator knew each other as friends, family, or other acquaintances?

answer

Primary homicide

question

Most items taken through larceny are taken from where?

answer

Cars

question

Statistics on arson are limited in the sense that only fires classified as arson are reported to agencies like the FBI.

answer

True

question

What does not involve the use of force or illegal entry in order for property to be taken?

answer

Larceny

question

In 2003, the number of homicides was what percent of the total number of crimes reported?

answer

Less than one percent

question

Some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.

answer

True

question

Homicide is the most frequent crime.

answer

False

question

Which type of thief can be defined as an individual who has acquired a degree of skill, plans his crimes, generates relatively good amounts of money, and spends little time incarcerated?

answer

Professional thief

question

What type of homicide includes crimes in which the offender planned to kill another person and then carried out the act?

answer

First degree murder

question

Research indicates that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

True

question

In about what percent of home robberies does the victim know the offender?

answer

Forty percent

question

Who are individuals who let burglars know about attractive targets?

answer

Tipsters

question

Mass murders are homicides that involve the murder of several individuals in at least three separate events.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT a crime against persons?

answer

Arson

question

In 2003, the number of products recalled was under 10 in the Unites States.

answer

False

question

What are crimes that effect society's ability to operate and people's ability to function?

answer

Public order crimes

question

What are crimes committed by an individual for personal gain and profit during the course of their occupation?

answer

Occupational crimes

question

Embezzlement is the theft of what?

answer

Company funds

question

One of the hallmarks of occupational crime is its focus on the individual.

answer

True

question

One of the reasons that organized crime has been around so long is that it provides goods and services that society wants.

answer

True

question

Who coined the term "white-collar crime"?

answer

Edwin Sutherland

question

During what period of time did organized crime in the United States gain power and become more coordinated?

answer

Prohibition

question

What is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?

answer

Marijuana

question

What is the lending of money at interest rates higher than the legal limits called?

answer

Loan sharking

question

Drug cartels in South America engage in which type of crime?

answer

Transnational organized crime

question

Upperworld crime is another term for which of the following?

answer

White-collar crimes

question

Which infamous individual took over organized crime in Chicago in the 1920s?

answer

Al Capone

question

Scholars have argued that what is the best way to control organized crime?

answer

Reduce the demand for the goods and services that it provides

question

What involves the agreement on the part of multiple corporations to charge a particular price for a good or service?

answer

Price-fixing

question

All crimes are investigated by the police.

answer

False

question

What is the power by prosecutors to directly try juveniles in adult courts?

answer

Direct file

question

After a crime has been reported, what is one of the first decisions that the police have to make?

answer

Whether to investigate the crime

question

What is a panel of citizens who hear the prosecution's case in secret hearings and decide whether the individual should be formally charged?

answer

Grand jury

question

Unlike adults, juveniles are found to be what instead of "guilty"?

answer

Delinquent

question

The only way a person can be released from prison is to serve their entire sentence.

answer

False

question

The criminal justice system does NOT include which of the following?

answer

Crime scholars

question

An offender would be most likely to be given probation if they committed which of the following crimes?

answer

Shoplifting

question

The most extreme form of incapacitation is which of the following?

answer

The death penalty

question

General deterrence is the idea that if people see the punishments given to offenders that they will be less likely to commit crimes themselves.

answer

True

question

In juvenile courts, the upper age limit is always which age or younger?

answer

question

What is the first stage in the criminal case process called?

answer

Entry into the system

question

Juveniles are treated exactly the same as adults in the criminal case process.

answer

False

question

Who are the first "gatekeepers" of the criminal justice system?

answer

Victims

question

As the stages of the criminal case process continue, more and more cases are involved.

answer

False

question

A Justice of the Peace must have a law degree to be appointed to the position.

answer

False

question

Police departments are seeing decreasing numbers of minority and female recruits.

answer

False

question

What is a decision that a police officer makes?

answer

Whether a person should be arrested or not

question

Any person convicted of a crime has the right to appeal their conviction to the appellate courts when there may be an error on a point of law.

answer

True

question

Anyone can be a police officer and handle the job.

answer

False

question

Who appoints individuals to the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justices in the Supreme Court?

answer

The President

question

The most important feature of the crime control model is what?

answer

Reducing crime

question

Who oversees courts of limited jurisdiction?

answer

Justice of the Peace

question

Neighborhood Watch is an example of what type of policing?

answer

Community policing

question

What is the largest category of cases handled by the federal district courts?

answer

Drug cases

question

Counting the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices, how many individuals make up the Supreme Court?

answer

question

How many judges are there on state supreme courts?

answer

5-9

question

An example of police-community relations programs is Neighborhood Watch.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is generally NOT required for someone to become a police officer?

answer

Recommendations from teachers

question

Death penalty cases cost, on average, how much more than life imprisonment cases?

answer

$2,000,000

question

What were prison hulks?

answer

Decommissioned ships used to hold offenders

question

Prisons are typically under whose control?

answer

The state or federal government

question

Parole officers spend most of their time on administrative tasks.

answer

False

question

Probation results in recidivism or repeated crime rates that are under 5 percent.

answer

False

question

Men make up about what percentage of prisoners in the United States?

answer

question

Penitentiaries came to be known by this name because it was believed that the offenders were doing penitence for their criminal acts.

answer

True

question

Jails never hold more than 1,000 prisoners.

answer

False

question

In the United States, the cost of the correctional system is over $34 billion dollars each year.

answer

True

question

Having to serve meals to the homeless would be an example of which type of punishment?

answer

Community Service

question

Prisons are considered to be correctional facilities but jails are not.

answer

False

question

What is prison argot?

answer

A unique vocabulary used by prisoners

question

On average, how much does it take to incarcerate a prisoner in the U.S. for one year?

answer

$20,000

question

When did prisons begin developing?

answer

The Middle Ages

question

By 2001, at least 140 prisons were being operated by private companies.

answer

True

question

What type of prison are those with high walls and gun towers surrounding the prison?

answer

Maximum security prison

STUDY

Applied Criminology 1 Cloward And Ohlin Criminal Justice Criminology Self Report Surveys Upper Class People

Reflection Essay on Criminology Test 1 169 terms

Richard Lattimore

169 terms

Preview

Reflection Essay on Criminology Test 1

question

The writings of Karl Marx have had a great impact on ____, which indicts the economic system for producing the conditions that lead to high crime rates. A.Victimology B.Critical Criminology C. Criminologists D.Theorists

answer

critical criminology

question

An appellate court reviews trial court procedures to determine whether they have complied with accepted rules and constitutional doctrines. T/F

answer

True

question

A precedent is a criminal case based solely on contemporary social norms. T/F

answer

False

question

Criminologists try to create ____ and ____ measurements of criminal behavior. A.Valid, reliable B.reliable,real C.true, long D.serious, valid

answer

valid, reliable

question

Courts that review trial court procedures are known as A.appellate courts B.Supreme courts C.district courts D. county courts

answer

appellate courts.

question

Biosocial theory reflects an assumed link between A. psychological and biological factors B.Biological and social factors C. social and psychological factors

answer

biological and social factors.

question

The academic discipline of criminology uses scientific methods to study the ____ of criminal behavior. A.Nature Extent and Causes B.biological,social, psychological causes C.Extent and cause

answer

nature, extent and causes

question

The structural perspective focuses on ____ forces that can lead to crime. A.physical B.Social C.Ecological

answer

ecological

question

Ex post facto laws are a violation of the Constitution. T/F

answer

True

question

Criminology is an interdisciplinary science. T/F

answer

True

question

The written code that defines crimes and their punishment is called A.Criminal Law B.Victimology C.Declaration of Independence

answer

Criminal Law

question

A law applied retroactively to punish behavior that was not a crime prior to passage of the law is called A.Criminal Law B.Ex Post Facto law

answer

Ex post facto law

question

A serious crime, such as murder, would be classified as a A.misdemeanor B.state jail C.Felony

answer

Felony

question

If a new law is successfully applied in a number of different cases and is referenced by judges in their subsequent decisions, it is known as A.Law B.Precedent

answer

Precedent

question

The consensus view of crime suggests that moral entrepreneurs write laws to benefit the few. T/F

answer

False

question

Chicago School sociologists argued that crime was a reaction to an environment that was inadequate for proper human relations and development. T/F

answer

True

question

Individuals interact with various people, organizations, institutions and social norms as they mature and develop. This process is referred to as A.Socialization B.Therapy

answer

Socialization

question

The biological perspective focuses on the ____ forces that can lead to crime. A.Internal B.external

answer

Internal

question

Victimology has taken on greater importance, as more criminologists focus attention on the victim's role in the criminal event. T/F

answer

True

question

A deviant act becomes a/an ____ when it is deemed socially harmful to society. A.law B.Crime

answer

Crime

question

Caesar Beccaria believed in the concept of ____, the idea that people want to achieve pleasure and avoid pain. A.Equality B.Utilitarianism

answer

utilitarianism

question

According to Durkheim, as societies change, the resulting structural changes result in A.Anomie B.Atom

answer

Anomie

question

Which of the following is NOT a social goal of the criminal law? A.Prevent crime B.Suppressing political speech

answer

suppressing political speech

question

The most commonly represented discipline in criminology is sociology. T/F

answer

True

question

The concept that laws are the product of \"moral crusaders\" who shape the law to their individual wants is known as A.Rehabilitation B.the interactionish view of crime

answer

the interactionist view of crime.

question

____ refers to the correction and control of known criminal offenders. A.Penology B.rehabilitation

answer

Penology

question

Advocates of ____ try to identify effective treatment strategies for individuals convicted of violating the law. A.rehabilitation B. penology

answer

Rehabilitation

question

Social process theorists contend that people commit crimes as a result of the anomie of failing to achieve social success. T/F

answer

False

question

The classical school argues that social conditions lead to crime. T/F

answer

False

question

The sociology of ____ is concerned with the role social forces play in shaping criminal law and the role of criminal law in shaping society. A.crime B.Law

answer

Law

question

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate social goal of the criminal law? A.Acting out B.Encouraging revenge

answer

encouraging revenge

question

____ occurs when criminal penalties are reduced rather than eliminated. A.criminalization B.Decriminalization

answer

Decriminalization

question

In the 1930s, Harry Anslinger, then head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, launched a successful effort to criminalize ____ which had been legal until then. A,meth B.crack C.Marijuana D.alcohol

answer

Marijuana

question

____ is the execution of criminal offenders (i.e., the death penalty). A.Capital Punishment B.Jail time

answer

Capital punishment

question

The process perspective focuses on the ____ forces that can lead to crime. A.Civilization B.Socialization

answer

Socialization

question

Victimology involves which of the following areas of interest? A.protection victims B.Calculationg probabilities of victimization risk

answer

calculating probabilities of victimization risk

question

During the Middle Ages, people who violated social norms or religious practices were thought to be A.Angels B.Normal C.Witches or possessed by demons

answer

Witches or possessed by Demons

question

Which of the following situations raises an ethical issue for criminologists? A.talking to many different races amongst different classes B.Studying only poor, minority subjects and ignoring white-collar criminals.

answer

Studying only poor, minority subjects and ignoring white-collar criminals

question

____ is the term used to describe the economic crimes committed by professionals such as doctors, lawyers, accountants and business owners. A.Private criminals B.White collar crime

answer

White-Collar crime

question

Positivist criminology is the application of ____ to the study of human behavior. A.Math in criminology B.The scientific method

answer

The scientific method

question

Because criminologists are influenced by many disciplines (e.g., political science, law, sociology, anthropology), the field of criminology is considered A.Interdisciplinary B.selfdisciplinary

answer

interdisciplinary.

question

A crime is a violation of societal rules of behavior as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law. T/F

answer

True

question

Classical criminology has evolved into modern ____ theory. A.Rational choice B.irrational choice

answer

Rational choice

question

According to ____, crimes are behaviors that all elements of society consider to be repugnant. A.Criminal Law B.the Consensus view of crime

answer

the consensus view of crime

question

____ refers to the agencies of social control that handle criminal offenders. A.criminal law B.Criminal Justice

answer

Criminal Justice

question

Which view of crime sees society as a collection of diverse groups who are in a constant and continuing struggle to gain political power in order to advance their economic or social situation? A.The conflict view of crime

answer

The conflict view of crime

question

People who smuggle illegal aliens into the United States from China are known as A.Snakeheads B.Deerfeet C.Cowtongues

answer

Snakeheads

question

Which of the following is a purpose of criminal law? A.Social Control B.Politcal control

answer

Social control

question

The earliest known written criminal code was A.Criminal law B.The code of Hammurabi

answer

the Code of Hammurabi.

question

Behaviors that are criminal because they reflect existing societal conditions are known as A.ex post facto laws B.mala prohibitum crimes.

answer

mala prohibitum crimes.

question

A crime becomes a deviant act when it is deemed socially harmful or dangerous. T/F

answer

False

question

The \"father of criminology\" and the man who referred to criminals as \"born criminals\" was A.Hirschi B.Lombroso

answer

Lombroso

question

Which of the following countries has the highest homicide rate per capita? A.Europe B.America C.Brazil D.Japan

answer

Brazil

question

Which of the following would be classified as a misdemeanor? A.Killing a man B.Disturbing the peace

answer

Disturbing the peace

question

Critical criminologists contend that society's economic system plays a significant role in producing criminal behavior. T/F

answer

True

question

Biosocial theory reflects the assumed link between physical and social traits and their influence on behavior. T/F

answer

True

question

During the Middle Ages, people who violated religious or social norms were thought to be possessed by demons. T/F

answer

True

question

The ____ was a group of sociologists who studied the relationship between environmental conditions and crime. A.Chicago school B.Dallas school C.New York school

answer

Chicago School

question

Theory construction focuses on A.social control B.Predicting individual behavior

answer

Predicting individual behavior

question

As a group, older citizens commit more crime than younger citizens. T/F

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT an alternative crime measure used by criminologists? A.victimology reports B.Experimental Data

answer

Experimental Data

question

Which of the following true statements lends support to liberal feminist theory? A.Girls dont contribute to crimes B.Girls are joining gangs at record rates

answer

Girls are joining gangs at record rates.

question

The NCVS may suffer from the validity problem associated with A.Victims over reporting crimes B.victims under reporting crimes

answer

victims overreporting crime.

question

Rape is considered an instrumental crime. T/F

answer

False

question

Tittle et al. conclude that official statistics reflect ____ in processing poor offenders. A.Class bias B.race

answer

Class bias

question

Lombroso argued the ____, claiming that a few \"masculine\" females were responsible for the few crimes women commit. A.Masculine hypothesis B.feminine hypothesis

answer

masculine hypothesis

question

The NCVS samples more than ____ annually to estimate crime victimization. A. 84,000 Households B.20,000 households

answer

84,000 households

question

In 2005, approximately ____ property crimes were committed. A.10,000,000 B.20

answer

10,000,000

question

In Wolfgang et al.'s famous study of juvenile delinquents, what percentage were \"chronic offenders?\" A.6 B.7

answer

question

Among the policies spurred by the chronic offender concept is the ____ policy. A.one-strike B.Three-strikes

answer

Three-strikes

question

Racial threat theory contends that as the percentage of African-Americans increases, so does the amount of social control directed at them. T/F

answer

True

question

The violent crimes reported by the FBI include A.Rape B.theft

answer

Rape

question

____ suggests that as the African-American population increases, so does the amount of social control directed at them. A.Racial threat theory B.Social theory

answer

Racial threat theory

question

Offenses committed out of rage, anger or frustration are called ____ crimes A.Expressive B.Expensive

answer

Expressive

question

In general, more crime is committed during the ____ months. A.Summer B.Winter

answer

Summer

question

Violence in the US ____ between 1995 and 2005. A.increased more than 20% B.Decreased more than 20 %

answer

decreased more than 20%

question

Social problems that lead to increases in the crime rate include A.Two parent families B.Single parent families

answer

single-parent families.

question

Which of the following is a Part I offense? A.Robbery B.Speeding

answer

Robbery

question

Index Crimes, include criminal murder, homicide and forcible rape. T/F

answer

True

question

According to self-report studies, juveniles seem to engage in a \"mixed bag\" of offenses instead of sticking to just one type of offense. T/F

answer

True

question

Offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of a criminal are called A.Instrumental crimes B.dangerous crimes

answer

instrumental crimes.

question

Which of the following factors is NOT believed to influence the crime rate? A.race B.College Graduation Rates

answer

college graduation rates

question

Crime is more common during the winter. T/F

answer

False

question

All of the major crime studies suffer some form of validity issue. T/F

answer

True

question

Which of the following regions has the highest violent crime rate? A.Urban Areas B.downtown

answer

Urban areas

question

Self-report studies tend to focus on A.Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime B.race

answer

juvenile delinquency and youth crime.

question

In Wolfgang et al.'s famous study, what percentage of chronic offenders were female? A.1 B.15

answer

question

____ refers to the fact that people commit less crime as they grow older. A.Aging out B.gray hair

answer

aging out

question

The crime rate computed in the UCR is the rate per ____ people. A.10,000 B.100

answer

100,000

question

What methods are used to express crime data in the UCR? D.All of the above

answer

all of the above

question

The relationship between guns and ____ may influence the crime rate. A.Age B.rockets

answer

age

question

Crime experts view a change in ____ distribution as having the greatest influence on crime trends. A.Age B.hair color

answer

age

question

The ____ surveys victims about their experiences with law violations. A.NCVS B.fbi

answer

NCVS

question

The reporting accuracy of self-report studies is questionable because A.victimology B.Criminals are often poor at remembering their own crimes.

answer

criminals are often poor at remembering their own crimes.

question

____ creates a graphic representation of the spatial geometry of crime. A.Crime Mapping B. the globe

answer

crime mapping

question

Regardless of economic status, marital status, race or sex, who is more likely to commit a crime? A.A Teenager B.elderly

answer

a teenager

question

Even ____ criminality, a source of national concern, has been on decline the last several decades. A.Teenage B.baby

answer

teenage

question

A crime is considered \"cleared\" when a person has been arrested for the offense. T/F

answer

True

question

Focusing attention on the social and economic role of women in society and relationship to female crime is called A.Liberal Feminist Theory B.victimology

answer

liberal feminist theory.

question

Violent crimes are more likely to be solved than non-violent crimes because A.Police devote more resources to more serious acts. B.police dont care

answer

police devote more resources to more serious acts.

question

____ is the view that repeat offenders begin their careers at a young age. A.aging B.Early Onset

answer

early onset

question

The UCR reports violence in the US has ____ during the past decade. A.Decreased Significantly B.increased significantly

answer

decreased significantly

question

The UCR is published by the A.Federal Bureau of Investigation B.government

answer

Federal Bureau of Investigation.

question

Offender data is included in the UCR for all crimes except A.Traffic Violations B.rape

answer

traffic violations

question

The UCR is the result of 17,000 victim reports. T/F

answer

False

question

The unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury is the crime of A.capital punishment B.Aggravated Assault

answer

aggravated assault

question

The UCR reports are based on all crimes that have been A.Cleared B.extended

answer

cleared

question

Crime is more common during the winter. T/F

answer

False

question

Which of the following affects the validity of the UCR? A.Many cases of child abuse go unreported B.age

answer

Many cases of child abuse go unreported.

question

The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear is the crime of A.Robbery B.rape

answer

Robbery

question

This source of data collects offender and victim information on each reported crime. A.two B.NIBRS

answer

NIBRS.

question

The idea that those criminals start delinquency early are more likely to continue into adulthood is referred to as A.who cares B.Persistence

answer

persistence

question

According to the 2004 Monitoring the Future survey, the highest percentage of teens (28%) reported engaging in which of the following criminal activities? A.Shop Lifting B.felonies

answer

shop lifting

question

Which of the following is a prominent form of victim services program? A.Public Education B.school

answer

Public education

question

Which victimization theory claims that victims may initiate, either actively or passively, the confrontation that leads to their victimization? A.rain B.Victim Precipitation Theory

answer

victim precipitation theory

question

____, ____, and ____ are the three variables that make up routine activities theory. A.Capable Guardian, Suitable Target, Motivated Offender B.age, race, class

answer

Capable guardian, suitable target, motivated offender

question

U.S. residents 12 or older experienced approximately ____ crimes according to the 2004 NCVS. A.24 B.24,000,000

answer

24,000,000

question

According to victim precipitation theory, which type of precipitation occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attack first? A.Active B.old

answer

Active

question

There is an international movement to establish victim's rights. T/F

answer

True

question

The wealthy are more likely to be targets of ____ and ____ than the poor. A.Pocket Picking, Purse Snatching B. rape, arson

answer

pocket picking, purse snatching

question

Males are more likely than females to be the victims of violent crime. T/F

answer

True

question

The long-term stress associated with crime victimization resulting in depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares is called A.Postraumatic Stress Disorder b.crazy

answer

posttraumatic stress disorder.

question

Some victims, especially the elderly, the poor, and minority group members, develop a persistent and paralyzing fear that they again will become victimized. T/F

answer

True

question

The cost of crime victimization is estimated to be in the billions of dollars each year. T/F

answer

True

question

There are three specific types of characteristics that contribute to chronic victimization. Which of the following is NOT one of these types of characteristics? A.Target Hostility B.target

answer

target hostility

question

There is growing evidence that crime victims are more likely to commit crimes themselves. T/F

answer

True

question

Which types of homes are the most vulnerable to crime? A.white B.African American

answer

African-American

question

____ are particularly at risk of PTSD. A.Adolescents B.babies

answer

Adolescents

question

Victimization is primarily a function of where people live according to A.here B.Deviant Place Theory

answer

deviant place theory.

question

Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age A.25 B.1

answer

question

Laws devoted to the tracking and registration of sexual offenders are known as A.Megan's Laws B.laws

answer

Megan's Laws.

question

The college lifestyle of \"____\" makes students victimization-prone. A.studying B.Partying and Taking recreational drugs

answer

partying and taking recreational drugs

question

The study of crime victims began with some pioneering studies in the 1960s. T/F

answer

True

question

Tom wears his favorite team jersey to a soccer game and sits on the opposing team's side of the stadium. This would be an example of A.Target Antagonism B.supporting his team

answer

target antagonism.

question

The scientific study of those harmed by crimes is called A.socialization B.Victimology

answer

victimology.

question

Approximately ____% of students experienced a crime at school. A.5 B.99

answer

question

When victims of crime, especially childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves, the phenomenon is called A.the Cycle of Violence B.victims

answer

the cycle of violence.

question

The costs of crime victimization include all of the following EXCEPT A.work B.Public Works Projects

answer

public works projects.

question

According to Marcus Felson in Crime in Everyday Life which of the following is an important change in the structure of society that has affected the crime rate? A.Greater free time for teens to meet friends away from parental controls B.parenting

answer

Greater free time for teens to meet friends away from parental controls.

question

As many as ____% of crime victims suffer PTSD. A.25 B.1

answer

question

The study of crime victims began with some pioneering studies in the 1960s. T/F

answer

true

question

____ refers to a victims physical weakness or psychological stress that renders them incapable of resisting or deterring crime. A.Target Vulnerability B.target

answer

Target vulnerability

question

Wearing expensive gold jewelry presents ____ according to routine activities theory. A.a Suitable Target B.risk

answer

a suitable target

question

The risk of arson for both men and women is significantly higher a disorganized inner-city where gangs flourish and drug trafficking is commonplace. T/F

answer

False

question

A drug addict who needs to steal to feed his habit is an example of A.criminal B.a Motivated Offender

answer

a motivated offender.

question

The most controversial element of the victims' rights movement is A.The removal of the witness protection program B.witness

answer

the removal of the witness protection program.

question

There are approximately ____ victim-witness assistance programs in the US. A.2000 B.76

answer

2000

question

The notion that a pool of motivated offenders exists and these offenders will take advantage of unguarded, suitable targets is known as A.Routine Activities Theory B.fear of crime

answer

routine activities theory.

question

Some victims, especially ____ develop a persistent and paralyzing fear of crime. A.The Elderly B.criminals

answer

the elderly

question

There is growing evidence that crime victims are more likely to commit crimes themselves. T/F

answer

True

question

More serious violent crime such as rape and aggravated assault typically takes place A.morning B.After 6pm

answer

after 6PM.

question

People over age 65 account for about ____ percent of violent victimization. A.2 B.70

answer

question

Being abused or neglected as a child ____ the odds of being arrested, both as a juvenile and as an adult. A.Increases B.decreases

answer

increases

question

Mediated face-to-face encounters between victims and their attackers designed to produce restitution agreements are called A.Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs B.rehab

answer

victim-offender reconciliation programs.

question

Women, in 2/3 of all reported crimes, are victimized by A.Someone they know or live with B.stranger

answer

someone they know or live with.

question

Women are ____ times more likely than men to be victims of rape or sexual assault. A.6 B.10

answer

question

____ are the least frequent violent victimization-about 6 per 100,000 persons. A.goal B.Murder

answer

Murder

question

____ occurs when a victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly threatens or encourages an attacker. A.Active Precipitation B.program

answer

Active precipitation

question

A primary goal of victims advocates has been to lobby for A.Crime Victim Compensation Programs B.threats

answer

crime victim compensation programs.

question

Violent crimes, such as rape and aggravated assault, are more likely to take place during the early morning in private residences. T/F

answer

False

question

Less serious forms of violence, such as unarmed robberies and personal larcenies like purse snatching, are more likely to occur

answer

during the daytime.

question

____ programs operate for victims who feel isolated, vulnerable and in need of emergency services. A.Crisis Intervention B.union

answer

Crisis intervention

question

Besides the US, the ____ has been on the forefront of the victims' rights movement. A.European Union B.intervention

answer

European Union

question

Counselors who prepare victims and witnesses for the court process are known as A.widow B.Victim advocates

answer

victim advocates.

question

People living in rural areas have a victimization rate almost ____ that of city dwellers. A.50% less than B.advocate

answer

50% less than

question

Which of the following groups has the lowest rate of victimization? A.Widows and Widowers B.race

answer

widows and widowers.

question

Because criminals and victims are usually of the same race, crime tends to be A.Interracial B.ethic

answer

interracial

question

The cost of crime victimization is estimated to be in the billions of dollars each year. T/F

answer

True

question

Those living in the central city have significantly ____ rates of theft and violence in comparison to suburbanites. A.Higher B.low

answer

higher

STUDY

Applied Criminology 1 Crimes Criminology First Degree Murder

Criminology Unit 4 Flashcards 15 terms

Marie Florence

15 terms

Preview

Criminology Unit 4 Flashcards

question

What does not involve the use of force or illegal entry in order for property to be taken?

answer

Larceny

question

Which of the following is not classified as a crime against property?

answer

Robbery

question

Which type of thief can be defined as an individual who has acquired a degree of skill, plans his crimes, generates relatively good amounts of money, and spends little time incarcerated?

answer

Professional thief

question

True or false shoplifting accounts for more business loss than employee theft

answer

False

question

In 2003, the number of homicides was what percent of the total number of crimes reported?

answer

Less than one percent

question

Individuals who commit assaults are most likely to be in which age group?

answer

15-34

question

True or false some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.

answer

True

question

Most items taken through larceny are taken from where?

answer

Cars

question

True or false crime statistics indicate that arson is the most frequent property crime.

answer

False

question

True or false homicide is the most frequent crime.

answer

False

question

True or false youths between the ages of 13 and 18 who set fires often have a history of setting fires.

answer

True

question

Which of the following includes robbery that occurs at businesses and commercial settings, such as banks or convenience stores?

answer

Institutional robbery

question

True or false mass murders are homicides that involve the murder of several individuals in at least three separate events.

answer

False

question

True or false research indicates that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

True

question

What type of homicide includes crimes in which the offender planned to kill another person and then carried out the act?

answer

First degree murder

STUDY

Applied Criminology 1 Criminology Driving Too Fast Victimology

CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 3 Q;A’S – Flashcards 74 terms

Killian Parsons

74 terms

Preview

CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 3 Q;A’S – Flashcards

question

Crimes against persons include assault, robbery and the threat of nonphysical harm.

answer

true

question

A homicide in which the offender wanted to physically hurt the victim but did not mean to kill the victim is categorized as __________.

answer

second degree murder

question

Crime statistics show that arson is the most frequent property crime.

answer

false

question

What type of homicide includes crimes in which the offender planned to kill another person and then carried out the act?

answer

first degree murder

question

What type of homicide is that in which the victim and perpetrator knew each other as friends, family, or other acquaintances?

answer

primary homicide

question

Homicide is the most frequent crime.

answer

false

question

Primary homicides are often referred to as ______ crimes, because they are committed due to hostility in the relationship.

answer

expressive

question

Research has shown that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

true

question

Crime statistics show that violent crimes have been declining since the mid-1990s.

answer

true

question

The unlawful attack without a weapon in which the victim is not seriously harmed is classified as?

answer

simple assault

question

All of the following are classified as crimes against property except __________.

answer

robbery

question

The type of killing attributed to someone being reckless is known as?

answer

involuntary manslaughter

question

Homicides that involve the murder of several individuals and at least three separate events are classified as?

answer

serial murders

question

Nonprimary homicides are those in which the victim and perpetrator did not know each other or have a relationship prior to the homicide.

answer

true

question

Larceny is considered a crime of opportunity.

answer

true

question

Homicides that are considered less blameworthy than the other categories are known as?

answer

manslaughter

question

Most assaults happen to victims and offenders who know each other, often within a personal relationship.

answer

true

question

Which type of robbery includes muggings and robberies in someone's home?

answer

personal robbery

question

Which of the following have shown to be one of the major reasons robberies occur?

answer

the robber needs "fast cash"

question

Assaults have been declining since the early 1990s.

answer

true

question

The vast majority of intimate-partner assault include the following. (Select all that apply)

answer

-shoving -pushing

question

A simple assault is an unlawful attack without a weapon in which the victim is not seriously harmed.

answer

true

question

All businesses spend the extra money for security measures to prevent crime.

answer

false

question

Research indicates that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.

answer

true

question

What is the most common crime to occur within families?

answer

assault

question

Which of the following includes robbery that occurs at businesses and commercial settings, such as banks or convenience stores?

answer

institutional robbery

question

Individuals who commit assaults are most likely to be in which age group?

answer

15-34

question

Which of the following is the basic distinction between and aggravated assault and a homicide?

answer

whether the targeted victim dies or not

question

Which of these is defined as an unlawful attack on another person with the intent of severe injury?

answer

aggravated assault

question

Shoplifting accounts for more business loss than employee theft.

answer

false

question

Why do businesses often have difficulty preventing shoplifting?

answer

businesses cannot risk annoying or intimidating legitimate customers

question

Statistically, shoplifters tend to be _________.

answer

teenagers

question

A(n) _________ is defined as a thief who has acquired a degree of skill, plans his crimes, generates relatively good amounts of money, and spends little time incarcerated.

answer

professional thief

question

Most items taken through larceny are taken from __________.

answer

cars

question

Some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.

answer

true

question

Those living in rental properties are more likely to experience a property crime than individuals who own their own homes.

answer

true

question

The majority of people shoplift because they have a lack of money to pay for items.

answer

false

question

Larceny is defined as the unlawful taking away of another's property from their possession.

answer

true

question

Average thieves who steal regularly over time are known as __________.

answer

persistent thieves

question

Those who commit crimes when the time is favorable for the crime are known as?

answer

occasional offenders

question

If someone steals a purse without physically harming or threatening anyone, and without illegally entering a building, they have committed __________.

answer

larceny

question

Youths between the ages of 13 and 18 who set fires often have a history of setting fires.

answer

true

question

Many burglars are successful due to this fact.

answer

they work with at least one other person

question

About what percent of arson fires are set by individuals under 18?

answer

fifty percent

question

Victims of burglary are more likely to report the crime when forcible entry is present.

answer

true

question

Statistics on arson are limited in the sense that only fires classified as arson are reported to agencies like the FBI.

answer

true

question

In about what percent of home burglaries does the victim know the offender?

answer

forty percent

question

Individuals who let burglars know about attractive targets are referred to as________.

answer

tipsters

question

It is estimated that only one- third of all deliberate fires are set for this reason.

answer

to collect insurance money

question

About what percent of residential burglaries, is someone home during the invasion and sees the offender.

answer

thirteen percent

question

Someone who helps burglars sell stolen goods, making a profit for themselves in the process is known as a_______.

answer

fence

question

What is the most common crime to occur within families according to statistics?

answer

assault

question

Type of attack defined as an unlawful attack on another person with the intent of severe injury is known as_________.

answer

aggravated assault

question

The type of killing attributed to someone being reckless is known as?

answer

involuntary manslaughter

question

The vast majority of intimate-partner assault includes shoving and grabbing the other person.

answer

true

question

Which of the following are the most common reasons children between 8 and 12 set fires

answer

curiosity and/or psychological issues

question

Males are more likely to be the perpetrator of homicide than females.

answer

true

question

Jewelry accounts for only 10% of all items stolen from stores.

answer

false

question

All of the following are types of crimes against property EXCEPT?

answer

shoplifting

question

A term often used to describe assault between individuals in an intimate relationship is known as ___________.

answer

intimate-partner assault

question

The category of thief who steals regularly over time is known as ________.

answer

a persistent thief

question

Robberies are more likely to happen in older neighborhoods than in newer ones

answer

true

question

Which of the following is NOT a crime against persons?

answer

arson

question

Which type of thief can be defined as an individual who has acquired a degree of skill and plans his crimes?

answer

professional thief

question

The typical test to see if a person is lying is called?

answer

polygraph test

question

Which age range are the most likely to be victims of a homicide?

answer

young adults 18 and 24

question

Someone who helps burglars sell stolen goods, making a profit for themselves in the process are known as_______.

answer

fences

question

Some adults commit arson also for revenge and/or out of hatred.

answer

true

question

What type of homicide is it if the victim and perpetrator knew each other as friends, family, or other acquaintances?

answer

primary homicide

question

Research indicates that most robberies involve lots of planning on the part of offenders.

answer

false

question

All burglars get into buildings by picking or breaking locks.

answer

false

question

Who are individuals who let burglars know about attractive targets?

answer

tipsters

question

A homicide in which the offender wanted to physically hurt the victim, but did not mean to kill the victim is categorized as?

answer

second degree murder

question

Which type of robbery includes muggings and robberies in someone's home?.

answer

personal robbery

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