PSY Chapter 12 and 14 – Flashcards

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Gender
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Includes all behavioral characteristics that a society considers appropriate for men or women
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Gender Roles
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Each society generally has a set of expectations regarding the behaviors and traits that are considered appropriate for males as compared to females
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Desirable Characteristics
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key element of gender-role norms is that within a society
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Gender Role Norm
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While Charlotte is growing up, she is socialized into believing that a woman should stay home and take care of the children while men go off to work and "bring home the bacon"
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Gender Role Stereotypes
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Overgeneralizations about attributes for each sex
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Masculine to Feminine
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Agency is to Communality as
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Changed Slightly
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Research on gender role stereotypes has shown that in the United States during the past few decades, gender-role stereotypes have
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More women now view themselves as having agentic traits
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With regard to gender stereotypes in the 1990s versus today
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Females appear to have a small advantage
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The best summary concerning differences in verbal abilities is that
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females obtain slightly higher grades in math classes
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Research on gender differences in math ability has shown that
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Males and females are far more similar than different
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What is the best conclusion about psychological differences between the sexes?
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Ban the use of the terms masculine and feminine
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If you believe in the social- role hypothesis, then you would be most likely to argue that the most effective ay to change the stereotype of men as dominant would be to
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Although actual psychological gender differences are small, they make a major difference in a society
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Which statement about sex differences is true?
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Gender Identity
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For the first time in her life, little Glenda looks at her mom and says "Glenda is a girl". This statement indicates that Glenda has just achieved
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Gender Typing
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The process by which children become aware of the fact that they are either male or female and that there are different cultural expectations concerning the pattern of behavior for the two sexes is called
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around the point that they become aware of their basic gender identities
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Children appear to learn gender stereotypes
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Gender Segregation
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Spanky,Alfalfa, and the rest of the boys in first grade have decided that from now on, boys will only play with boys and never with girls. This decision provides a nice example of the concept of
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intolerance of any deviation from proscribed gender roles
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Gender intensification involves an increased
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a starting point for biological differentiation of the sexes
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Biosocial theory views the sex chromosome pattern of an infant
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have been exposed prenatally to male hormones
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Androgenized females are girls who
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Observational Learning
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A social learning theorist would use the concept of ___ to explain how a child watching her mother engage in feminine activities would directly lead the child to acquire a feminine gender identity
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depends on stage like changes in thinking
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According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of gender typing, gender role development
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Female characters are often still portrayed as passive and helpless
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Research on gender portrayals in of characters in picture and elementary school books found that
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Gender is stable across time
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Gender stability is defined as understanding that
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influence what people pay attention to and remember regarding gender
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Gender Schemata
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Children often acquire gender typed behaviors and preferences before they acquire gender stability and consistency
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The most common criticism of Kohlberg's cognitive development explanation of gender typing is that
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become more traditional and differentiated in a married couple following the birth of a child
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In general, gender roles
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High in masculine traits and high in feminine traits
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Androgyny refers to individuals who are
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becoming parents pressures males to be more "masculine" and females to be more "Feminine"
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Guttman's hypothesis regarding the "parental imperative" suggests that
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what's ok for him is not ok for her
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Double standard
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the character of emotions changes as we develop cognitively
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True of emotions
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intimate companion
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an attachment is best defined as a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an
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are, throughout the lifespan, aimed at individuals from whom we derive a sense of security
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attachments
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an innate tendency to follow moving objects
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imprinting refers to
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a biologically-based connection between infant and parent
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bonding is
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