Philip Morris Csr Essay Example
Philip Morris Csr Essay Example

Philip Morris Csr Essay Example

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  • Pages: 19 (5218 words)
  • Published: November 4, 2017
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1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, and responsible business) is an idea of considering the interests of society by corporations. Companies take responsibility for the impact of their actions on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment.This obligation is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large1.

Nowadays, CSR becomes more and more popular among big companies because it makes them able to be perceived in better light, by their customers. In current dense market, firms have to fight for the customer by offering something new or un

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ique. They use CSR in order to create customers’ loyalty based on distinctive ethical values.On the other hand, many critics claim that the only reason why companies implement social projects is the benefit which they may generate by being perceived as socially aware entities. Corporate social responsibility is very often put into place by firms operating on the markets that generate the biggest harms to the society.

Such corporations want to increase their brand image in order not to lose their customers. A great example of such a market is tobacco industry, which is generally known as causing many problems to its customers. 1. 1 U. S.Tobacco Industry2 In 1990s, tobacco was a business which generated one of the biggest profits, however, it was a business which aroused a great deal of contraventions.

Five companies dominated American tobacco market. The leader of the market

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was Philip Morris Companies, Inc. , which was also the largest cigarettes maker in the world, controlled almost the half of U. S tobacco market. It was also the owner of Marlboro, which was the world’s second-most-valuable-brand.

Almost 107 billion dollars, it was the market value of the company in 1996.The second biggest player, with 28 percent of shares of American market was RJR Nabisco whose subsidiary RJ Reynolds produced cigarettes. It produced such brands as Camel, Winston, and Salem. Three other companies BAT Industries, owning Brown & Williamson, Loews Corp, controlling Lorillard, and Brooke Group, the owner of Liggett had together 27 percent of American tobacco market. In 1997 in the USA, 26 percent of the adult population were regular smokers. It was not much in comparison to 1950s, when almost half of American adults smoked cigarettes; this percentage was almost halved in 40 years.

That was the reason why all major companies had started aggressive expansion overseas, especially in developing foreign markets of Asia, Eastern Europe, South America, Africa, and the Middle East. This expansion was a great success, generating 296 billion dollars in 1996. The tobacco industry had also the biggest contribution to American economy. It employed about 700,000 people what made it the major employer in some states, especially in the southern states.

Tobacco industry also added over 55 billion dollars annually to the gross domestic product. However, it also generated big economic costs to the economy.Centers of Disease Control counted that the treatment of smoking-related illnesses absorbed around 50 billion dollars. Moreover, smoking of cigarettes reduced productivity of employees. 1. 2 Philip Morris The Altria Group Inc.

which was known before

as the Philip Morris Companies, is the biggest seller of tobacco products in the world. Although on 27th January 2003 they changed the name, Altria still owns 100% of Philip Morris USA. Some people claim the change of the name was made to de-emphasize historical association of Philip Morries Companies Inc. with tobacco products.In March 2008 Philip Morris International spinned-off from Altria Group Inc.

Philip Morris USA sells many world famous cigarettes brands, such as Marlboro, L&M, Benson & Hedges, Chesterfield or Virginia Slims3. In 2002 Altira Group earned $11 billion on $80 billion in revenue, with 59 percent of its revenue coming from tobacco (the rest came from food, beer, and other products). Altria is also among the most generous corporate philanthropists. Over the past decade, the company has given more than $1 billion in cash and and in-kind contributions internationally4. . 3 Public Health Issue5 Cigarettes damage the organism of smoker causing many different illnesses.

People, who smoke, are more likely to get lung cancer than nonsmokers because of benzo(a)pyrene, which is an ingredient of cigarettes. Every single cigarette increases the probability of getting cancer. Cigarette smoking raises the risk of a great deal of other ailments like coronary heart disease, throat and bladder cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The cigarette smoke can be a cause of lung cancer and heart disease in healthy nonsmoker.

In the United States 420,000 smokers and 53,000 nonsmokers die annually because of tobacco-related diseases. In addition, nicotine, a component of tobacco, is highly addictive. Every year, one third of smokers try to give up smoking, but only 10 percent manage to achieve it. 1.

4 Smoking as a

Pediatric Disease6 90 percent of smokers in the USA took up smoking by the age of 18, and over a half of them by the age of 14. Smoking cigarettes is not a pleasure for beginning smokers but teens start smoking because of the influence of their friends.Every day in the U. S. , 3,000 new teenagers take up smoking.

The tobacco companies are aware that they are losing smokers every day so they have to encourage new people to start smoking. Although, it is publicly awkward – even illegal – the corporations target teens. 1. 5 Lines of Defense7 Even though, smoking causes death and diseases, the industry do it best in order defend itself against lawsuits and government regulations. Until 1996, the tobacco industry, hiring the best attorneys, defended all lawsuits firmly.In 1965, companies had introduced labels informing about the risks resulting from smoking.

They were able to argue that smokers were warned and the risk at their own. What is more, the tobacco corporations donated political parties what make them able to block antismoking legislation. In 1996, the tobacco industry, as a unit, donated 6. 6 million dollars to both parties, out of 263 million dollars total for soft money.

1. 6 Terms of Tobacco Deal from 19978 On June 20, 1997, tobacco industry attorney Phil Carlton and Arizona attorney general Grant Woods signed tobacco deal in Washington, D.C. According to this deal, the tobacco industry is obliged to pay 368.

5 billion dollars for the first 25 years and then 15 billion dollars for indefinite period. Compensation for cost of health care for people suffering from tobacco-related diseases would absorb the

most of the money. Some money would also cover the cost of antismoking education and advertising and enforcement of the settlement. Another important aspect of the deal is advertising.

Tobacco companies would not be allowed to advertise on billboards. They also could not use human and cartoon heroes in ads.Moreover, Internet advertising, product placement in movies and TV, brand–name sponsorship of sporting events, and brand-name promotional merchandise would be prohibited. Tobacco makers would also be forced to make their advertisements less appealing to children. Furthermore, warning labels on cigarette packs would include statements “Cigarettes Are Addictive”, “Cigarettes Cause Cancer”, “Smoking Can Kill You”, and “Tobacco Smoke Causes Fatal Lung Disease in Non-Smokers” in white lettering on a black background, over 25 percent of the top front of cigarettes packs.

What is more, The Food and Drug Administration could change the quantity of nicotine in cigarettes, but could not prohibit it from cigarettes till 2009. In addition, the companies would decrease children’s access to cigarettes. Selling cigarettes by vending machines would be prohibited. If the industry did not reduce youth smoking by 30 percent in 5 years, 50 percent in 7 years, and 60 percent in 10 years, it would have to pay a penalty of 80 million dollars per percentage point by which the target was missed.Smoking would not also be allowed in public places and most workplaces without separately ventilated smoking areas.

The only exceptions of this rule would be restaurants, bars, casinos, and bingo parlors. Smokers would get modest payment for smoking-cessation treatment and monitoring smoking-related illnesses. 2. Philip Morris’s CSR Strategy Philip Morris USA is a company that cares a lot about its

image. In fact it is not easy to show that the company is corporate responsible when everybody knows that its products slowly kill all of the customers.They claim that even though they are producing a dangerous and addictive products they are responsible, as responsibility for them is defined not only by the products company makes, but also the actions it takes.

Let’s think about this for a moment. The Philip Morris company tries to tell us that it cares about customers and other people that are influenced by their customers and the actions that it takes make the company corporate responsible. But is this true? Is producing a toxic product that devastates the health not only people who are using it, but also their surrounding, not one of the action of the company?On the Philip Morris USA website such words are visible: “Our leaders are responsible for understanding the public’s expectations of a responsible company, and determining how to respond to those expectations. ”9 To do that company monitors public literature and information, and conducts researches.

It sound like Philip Morris would like to fit into the model of a responsible company, but should it be like this? It rather looks like a marketing and public relations - the company finds out what the customers want and what to do to be perceived better, and then it just do it.It seems that it is done rather for PR reasons than to care about society and to be a social responsible company. 2. 1 Underage smokers Philip Morris also claims that it encourages teenagers and kids not to start smoking cigarettes. In 1998 the company has

created a Youth Smoking Prevention department10 as it believes that kids should not smoke.

In the CSR statement of the company we can read about all bad aspects that smoking has on young people, including problems with the proper physical development. Philip Morris claims to be successful on that field - since 1997 the number of young smokers decreased.The company provides several ways of helping youngsters not to go into a dangerous habit of smoking: parent communications: creating resources for parents to help them talk with their kids about not using tobacco products, issuing brochures for parents, grant programs: grants provided to schools and youth-serving organizations to support positive youth development and healthy lifestyle, youth access prevention: Philip Morris USA claims that the best way of reducing underage tobacco use is simply keeping tobacco products out of kids’ hands, including educating and providing incentives to retailers and wholesalers in order to help them responsibly merchandise and sell tobacco products11. On the other hand, we can see that in fact the marketing of the company is still targeting to the youth. Philip Morris Youth Smoking Prevention department for the past nine years commissioned an external research firm to conduct the Teenage Attitudes and Behavior Study to find out why youngsters pick up smoking.

However, it is also possible to use this data for getting to know how to make young people more addicted. In 1995, the company announced the Action Against Access program and became a founding member of the Coalition for Responsible Tobacco Retailing. Here another question emerges. How can tobacco retailing be responsible if the company, selling its product, damages health of the people who

buy it? 2. 2 Cessation Philip Morris also understands that their customers want to quit smoking. As they say “If an adult customer smokes, we hope they choose one of our brands.

However, if a smoker decides to quit we want to help him to be more successful.In doing so, we accept that our actions may lead to further declines in cigarette consumption. 12” The company provides a wide range of information about how to quit and also helps former smokers to connect together so the process of quitting will be easier for them. Now let’s think about the paradox of this situation - is there in fact a lot of companies that want to decrease the amount of its customers? Philip Morris USA’s Cessation Support department has been formed in 2003 to help adult smokers who want to quit smoking be successful and do not return to their addiction.

The company also provides financial support for scientific research in order to contribute to the development of more effective quitting methods.In June 2004 the company gave Duke University 15 million dollars, three year grant to develop, evaluate and disseminate improved methods to quit smoking and to communicate the results of the research. In October 2006 the company extended the grant for additional 15 million dollars over the three year period June 2007 - May 201013 - as they claim these grants helped to establish the Duke center for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Research and will provide a further founding for smoking cessation research. In the terms of the grant it is indicated that Philip Morris USA has no right to direct or influence how the

research is conducted, and has no right to control or influence regarding the publication or dissemination of research results.The cessation support program is divided into three focus areas: Consumer Connection: helps connect the smokers who have decided to quit to public health information on current effective quitting methods, Cessation Science Innovation: contributes to the development of more effective quitting methods in the future, Stakeholder Engagement which helps understand perspectives on how Philip Morris USA can support smokers who have decided to quit14. The Quick Assist™ is a resource designed to connect smokers who have decided to quit.

It highlights the U. S. Public Health Service’s “5 keys to quitting”. The information on the Quick Assist™ website was written by a public health writer.The resource was first introduced in national magazines in November 2004 to increase awareness.

2. 3 Reducing Environmental Impact In supporting its business activities in the future Philip Morris USA tries to measure the impact of its business on environment and is trying to improve it. The major areas where the company may impact the environment are: Emission of carbon dioxide in the air Usage of energy Consumption of water and nutrient discharge in wastewater Solid waste generation The company also established reduction goals for environmental impact from 2004 till 2008 year per the following indicators: 10% for carbon dioxide emitted 10% for energy consumed 15% for waste purchased 5% for waste water nutrients discharged 15% for solid waste disposed15 2. 4 Air and Energy Impact Air emission and energy usage are the major areas where company has the biggest impact on the environment. By the end of 2008 company goals are to

reduce carbon dioxide air emission and the amount of energy it consume by 10%. From 2004 till 2006 the company contributed to 4.

5% reduction in energy consumption, including: Use of cleaner coal technologies Conversion to more energy-efficient lighting system Enhanced efficiency of steam return system and air compressors Improvements in how we operate HVAC systems, boilers and incinerators16 2. 5 Agricultural PracticesIn order to make its products, PM USA purchase tobacco from thousand of independent farmers in USA. Introduced in 2004 Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) encourages growers to improve efficiency and reduce negative impact to land, water and air. To promote sustainability of the natural resources company work directly with growers. Malawi, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey are other countries that PM USA buys tobacco from. This cause great challenge for the company that is why PM USA works with organizations like Washington State University to provide support for the environmental impact of agriculture at all, deforestation and general education focused on improving the quality of life in the grower communities.

2. Cigarette Litter Cigarette litter is a great problem as well. Almost one-third of all litter collected in the cities of USA were cigarette butts. Philip Morris as a leading manufacturer of cigarettes in the United States is helping in reducing cigarette butt litter.

PM USA is providing funds to research, develop and launch a multi-year Cigarette Litter Prevention Program (CLPP) to address the issue of cigarette butt litter. The program consists of: Information that increase smokers awareness that cigarette butts are liter too Installing ash receptacles Encourage the use of portable litter device Encouraging enforcement of existing litter lawsPhilip Morris USA is also

informing adult smokers that cigarette butts are litter through its website, on pack information, by direct mail programs and by distributing over 2 million portable litter devices. The program has been implemented in more than 180 communities across the country and it got its results in 2007 in average 54% reduction in cigarette litter in communities and venues participating17. 2.

7 Water Water is a key part of company product line as well as it is important component of the environment. PM USA goal is to reduce water usage and discharge during tobacco processing. One of the company facility, located in Chesterfield County, Va. , withdraws water from the James River at a rate of 1.

8 million gallons per day.The company treat used in this process water in an onside treatment plant before discharging it back to the river. From 2001 till 2006 company manage to reduce total nitrogen (substance naturally present in agricultural products like tobacco) loadings to the river by 46%. The company wants to limit water usage by 15% by the end of 200818. 2. 8 Engaging with PM USA Partners According to information available on the official website of the company, Philip Morris USA creates and maintains relationships with many business partners.

Wide network of relationships generates profits for both sides. The company believes that different suppliers can help it to be more innovative.Minority-owned and women-owned companies very often provide Philip Morris USA with energy and new ideas. The corporation requires the highest quality supplies; therefore, PM USA gives qualified diverse suppliers an equal opportunity to work with it regardless of race, national origin or gender and has a strong

record of advancing its business with diverse suppliers.

Very interesting is the fact that from 2004 to 2006, more than 12 percent of total purchases with minority-owned and women-owned businesses was made by the firm. In addition, in 2006 Philip Morris USA conducted 396 million dollars with this kind of companies. Since 1986 they have also been the sponsor of many minority businesses for executive education programs.Moreover, because cigarettes produced by Philip Morris USA consist generally of American tobacco, the company runs Tobacco Farmer Partnering Program.

Recent changes in production of cigarettes and in American tobacco market have caused that development of long and stable partnership with farmers is very important. Philip Morris USA cooperates with receiving stations operators. All growers deliver particular amount of tobacco to the receiving station operator, where they are paid for the accepted tobacco. The company is able to check every delivery of tobacco and have the opportunity to talk to a farmer about how to maximize the value and quality of the tobacco that one delivers.

Tobacco Farmer Partnering Program is also beneficial to farmers. They know the amount of the tobacco which they have to deliver so they can predict it before planting season. Growers benefit from competitive pricing. They receive money on the same day when they deliver tobacco to a receiving station operator, and they can deliver their crop promptly, without the need for warehouse storage and fees. Philip Morris USA has developed communication with growers through regular grower meetings and newsletters. The company is also cooperating with agricultural experts and independent farmers in order to exchange information and offer support to help growers manage risk and

improve quality and production.

Philip Morris USA also try to maintain a good communication with wholesalers and retailers. For example they have developed a communications system with a newsletter and website that allows them to advise the trade and their field sales organization on the latest trends and news within the industry. Moreover, they also organize several forums every year, where wholesalers and retailers exchange their point of view on the category and the company’s performance. 2. 9 Compliance and Integrity In order to gain the trust of company’s creditors, Philip Morris USA have developed Compliance and Integrity Program. The program helps employees fulfill their pledge to abide applicable laws, regulations and policies.

As presented on the website of Philip Morris USA, their employees' compliance obligations include: knowing and complying with the company policies relevant to their job; speaking up by asking compliance-related questions and reporting potential issues of non-compliance; completing their compliance training; disclosing potential conflicts of interest; and always acting with integrity19. The company has developed resources to help its workers satisfy these obligations: Altria Group Code of Conduct for Compliance & Integrity – which outlines the laws and policies common within Altria Group and its companies and reflects a commitment to protect those who seek advice, raise concerns or report misconduct.Library of Principles and Policies – which is an online library of company’s polices. Communications – Philip Morris USA introduces a Compliance & Integrity Communication Plan, which contains inner website material, interactive programs which generate compliance conversations, and printed materials. Training – the company cooperates with the Compliance Institute, which is an inside compliance training organization for the Altria Group companies, in order to

develop a main compliance training plan. Records Management – every single worker of Philip Morris USA must correctly manage information in conformity with business and legal requirements, what is assisted by Records Management Program.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure Process – makes employees able to reveal any potential conflicts, and support with the instructions on how to avoid conflicts. Raising Compliance-Related Concerns – thanks to the Compliance & Integrity Office Line, the Compliance & Integrity Mailbox, Law, Human Resources or Compliance & Integrity support, our Chief Compliance Officer and the Altria Group Chief Compliance Officer the employees of Philip Morris USA can ask compliance-related questions or report potential issues of non-compliance. They can do this face to face or anonymously20. 2. 10 Tobacco Settlement Agreement The biggest American cigarettes makers, including Philip Morris USA signed a deal called Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in November 1998.The contract introduced significant changes, from marketing to youth smoking prevention, from industry lobbying to communications about the health consequences of smoking, the agreements impose restrictions on the participating manufacturers.

The deal also changed the way of advertising and selling tobacco products imposing many restrictions21. 3. Does The CSR Statement of The Company Reflect Reality? Philip Morris’s CSR seems to present a significant change that occurred within last few years in company’s attitude to youth smokers. But is it a real truth or just an attempt of the company to improve its brand image? According to the report of Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids22, Philip Morris has not changed and still targets youth as its potential audience, from where new smokers can develop.According to the report, Philip Morris spends annually 100 million dollars

for a campaign, whose aim is to improve corporate image.

The same amount of money is spent on directly related campaign that purports to combat teen smoking. However, recent research and internal company’s documents reveal that these efforts are taken up only to produce positive publicity rather than to decrease smoking among the youth. The report reveals that Marlboro, owned by Philip Morris, is the most popular brand among young smokers. It is the most heavily advertised brand in the U. S. tobacco market.

Although, Philip Morris removed its advertisements from magazines with high level of youth readers, the logo of the company is very often visible at stores near schools and playgrounds.Moreover, Philip Morris anti –youth-smoking ads say little or nothing about negative health consequences from smoking, which in fact causes them ineffective. The report quotes Michael E. Szymanczyk’s statement in which he publicly said that the company did not want the kids to smoke.

He also had never heard anyone talk about marketing to youth. However, the internal company’s from the past reveals something else. Marlboro's phenomenal growth rate in the past has been attributable in large part to our high market penetration among young smokers . .

. 15 to 19 years old . . . my own data, which includes younger teenagers, shows even higher Marlboro market penetration among 15-17-year-olds. 23 To support Marlboro’s growth, Marlboro must] continue growth among new, young smokers…While Marlboro continues to attract increasing shares of young smokers, expected declines in the number of young people restrict future volume gains from this source24.

Thus, the ability to attract new smokers and develop them into a young adult

franchise is key to brand development25. It is important to know as much as possible about teenage smoking patterns and attitudes. Today's teenager is tomorrow's potential regular customer, and the overwhelming majority of smokers first begin to smoke while in their teens . . .

it is during the teenage years that the initial brand choice is made26. 3. 1 Advertisement vs. SponsorshipIt is obvious that the main target group of Philip Morris is the youth. However, it is highly unethical move because the company pretends to participate in an anti-youth-smoking campaign, but on the other hand, they want to reach young people and develop them as smokers.

Moreover, the government does what their best to prevent smoking within minors, introducing new laws and regulations, so targeting the youth is illegal. One of the method of reaching the youth audience used by tobacco companies, including Philip Morris, is the sponsorship of Formula 1. Philip Morris Company claims that their aim is not to attract new smokers and they do not want to reach kids.The question is: why the company that is supporting youth smoking prevention since 1990s became major sponsor of motor racing, one of the three most watched events in the world together with FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games? 27 Single Formula One reaches the audience of 850 million fans worldwide, with TV viewership in 185 countries. 28 Tobacco industry was one of the greatest F1 sponsors in the twentieth century; in the late 90’s tobacco companies were spending over 90 percent of their sport sponsorship budget on motorsport.

29 After the ban of cigarettes commercials in 1972 tobacco industries were forced to

change the promotion strategy of their brand. As a compensation for lost advertising exposure the tobacco industry started to identify itself with sponsoring broadcast sports s a more direct way of advertising. The exposure of tobacco use has become common place in televised sports and it became an efficient way to reach boys and young men who are associating cigarette brands with the excitement of the sporting event, evoking positive attitudes about smoking and the behavior connected to it. Although, tobacco companies are not advertising their brand, there is no clear distinction between the roles of advertising and sponsorship in achieving the tobacco industry’s branding objectives.

Sponsorship, similar to advertising, is used to reinforce and create brand images and endow brands with successful and apparitional characteristics.Both are treated differently by regulators but they have massive potential to create images and association that fulfill the emotional needs of smokers30. Nowadays when showing tobacco logo on a race car is forbidden many tobacco companies decided not to sponsor their teams. Only Philip Morris and his Marlboro cigarettes are still in connection with its Ferrari Team reminding to all of us that they are there. 3. 2 The name is all that has changed Philip Morris spend hundreds millions dollars on PR campaign to convince people that it has changed.

But the fact is the only thing that has changed is the name of the company and it is not enough to make people forget about decades of deceiving the public and marketing tobacco products to kids.It is easy to see that the company has not changed at all beyond the name: today more kids smoke Marlboro cigarettes

than all other brands combined, Philip Morris is saying that it do not want kids to smoke, but it pressured Florida to stop some of its anti-tobacco ads, which have been among the most effective in the USA, the company has secretly helped or founded front groups in Florida and Washington that have been fighting measures to ensure smoke-free indoor workplaces and raise cigarette taxes, abroad the USA Philip Morris has hired underaged Marlboro girls who pass out free cigarettes to other children and sponsored concerts where cigarettes were handed to minors, Philip Morris issued a report in the Czech Republic last year that argued early smoking deaths have “positive effects” because they save the government money31. 3. 3 The Czech case32 Problem that is easy to see on the example of Czech Republic is very simple: how the responsible company can say to the government that early deaths are good for the finances of the country?The company claims the government saves this way on health care costs, pensions and social costs, and housing costs for the elderly people.

It sounds very bad because in fact government should take care about the citizens of the country in every possible way. Is making them dead for improving the finances of the government really the point of making the world better, as it states in CSR statement of Philip Morris? This company through the report gives us a very simple message: we do not care about people. So one more time that makes no sense with the CSR statement - it just cannot be possible to be truth concerning what kind of actions Philip Morris is taking

to sell tobacco products.This is one of the examples that use people who claim that in fact Philip Morris only tries to whiten itself with proper PR methods and in fact it is doing the same things like many years ago. Speaking about charity and contributing to many cause is not all, although it may help many people all around the world who need it, we should not forget about this what kind of company Philip Morris really is and what kind of product it is trying to sell to as big as possible amount of customers. 4.

Conclusion As we can see on the examples above, Philip Morris takes care mostly about its image by using the proper marketing and public relations tools. Those methods are very effective and while reading the CSR Statement of the company, we can easily forget about what kind of products it offers.Although, it this activities help a lot of people around the world, they do not really reflect its real attitude to the people influenced by it. Not only customers but also passive smokers and children are affected by Philip Morris. There is a wide range of pro-social actions undertaken by the firm.

Starting from the change of company’s name through the action of decreasing the influence that it has on the environment to taking care of the knowledge of wholesalers and retailers. The company also states that it takes care about the underage smokers. These actions however, are just implemented in order to improve the image of the company. Nevertheless, the company still argets their marketing the youngsters, as they know that if somebody starts smoking early,

one is more likely to continue this habit in their later age. Philip Morris also tries to help people who want to quit smoking by introducing different programs for them.

On the other hand, there is no company that wants to reduce the number of its customers, as the thing that the company is interested in the most is profit. Bibliography Books: Business and Society, Anne T. Lawrence, James Weber, James E. Post, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2005, New York, Edition 11 Websites: http://en. wikipedia. org http://www.

philipmorrisusa. com http://www. tobaccofreekids. org http://www. bmj.

com http://www. iht. com http://www. grandprix.

com http://www. tobaccopapers. com

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