Marxism Still Relevant In A Capitalist Society Sociology Essay Example
Marxism Still Relevant In A Capitalist Society Sociology Essay Example

Marxism Still Relevant In A Capitalist Society Sociology Essay Example

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  • Published: September 20, 2017
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The UK is a autonomous province which at its tallness was the largest imperium in history. The UK was the first state to industrialise in the universe and was the planetary dominant power nevertheless since so the UK has had its ups and downs with jobs such as recessions which had effected the population by impacting unemployment which is by and large high during a recession. The UK in the 21th century is a really good developed state with a high criterion of life and democracy and has one of the universe 's most globalized economic systems and is place to one of the universe 's largest fiscal centre[ 1 ]. Although the United Kingdom 's economic system is the 9th largest economic system in 2012 measured by GDP[ 2 ]( PPP ) in the universe there is facts that suggests that the spread between

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the rich and hapless has grown faster in Britain in recent decennaries than any other developed state[ 3 ]. the UK is still retrieving from the recession[ 4 ]the Office for National Statistics has estimated in 2011 that 14 million people were are hazard of poorness and societal exclusion, in 1977 this figure was 3 million people[ 5 ]and besides that there is a hazard that one individual in 20 was now sing terrible stuff depression[ 6 ]besides 25 % of the population have net fiscal wealth which is negative, while merely over 10 per cent have net fiscal wealth of over ?100,000.

Purposes and Aims

I will look closely at what has impacted and made the United Kingdom so unequal sing the sharing of wealth

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I will besides turn to the assorted factors which could impact the sharing of wealth, taking to the damaging harm to the poorer classes. I will besides explicate the general constructs of Marxism and spread out on the societal and trade good theories.

1.2 What is Marxism?

Marxism is a societal and economic theory with purposes to make an equal and better societal life for everyone, Marxism rejects the capitalistic economic systems believing that one twenty-four hours the working category will hold a revolution and set up a just classless system. Marxism claims the upper category has had an unjust advantage ensuing in the repression of the lower and in-between categories in order to derive more power and benefits such as money.

Marxism is a system where the different facets of a province are controlled by the people and for the people, in kernel there is no rich and no hapless. It is a point of position which has contrasting thoughts on single freedom, Marxism puts the society before the single whereas the capitalist position contrasts this political orientation. Marxism entreaties to people who have an selfless mentality, whereby they put others before themselves without anticipating anything in return. This act in itself is rather baronial and goes against the selfish nature of people, nevertheless this theory entreaties to the individuals generous side. The theory promotes a egalitarian equal society where work forces and adult females will be together and theoretically have oning the same places. Everyone will be equal regardless of race, category, nationality and even faith. The theory of Marxism came from the Hagiographas of Karl Marx & A ; his comrade Friedrick Engels who subsequently

finished Marx 's work when he passed off. Both writers are sometimes mentioned in some pieces of work it 's hard to separate who should take recognition for certain thoughts.

Marxism involves many theories nevertheless condensed down there is four theories which include includes theories such as philosophical Marxism - which covers doctrine that is strongly influenced by Marx 's materialist attack to theory and which is written by people who support his theory. It can be applicable to Western Marxism which drew out of assorted beginnings, and was the official doctrine in the Soviet Union. Sociological theory - Marxist sociology refers to sociology from a Marxist position it nevertheless can be referred as political doctrine every bit good as sociological with a radical position of alteration with the aid of category battle.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx was born on 5th May 1818 he was a radical mind, societal militant & A ; a philosopher of the nineteenth century. Celebrated Hagiographas of Mark include The Communist Manifesto. The Hagiographas of Marx have had a batch of influence in many states.

Marx tried to understand the capitalist system and how it worked in the society & A ; for who it had benefitted and for and who it had non.

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sociology.org.uk/as4i4c1.pdf

1.3 Advantages of Marxism

The advantages of Marxism include ; the purpose of making a better classless society, guaranting everyone is equal and no 1 is at a disadvantage to any other individual. This would profit people who may be stateless or people is less fortunate places ensuing in deficiency of fiscal security. In contrast, there are people who may non hold worked for their wealth but may hold

inherited their money and may hold ne'er faced hardships due to the fact that they born with a Ag spoon in their oral cavity. In a Marxist society the wealth would be spread to the whole society to profit everyone. It would besides take to advance the consciousness of the working category and seeks to extinguish any affluent categories or nobility as they have a unjust advantage to the chief population, and the ground for the nobility to govern a luxury regulation is because of their Godhead right to govern, some people may be more deserving of being king/queen but are repressed due to their category. Marxism would seek to extinguish their unjust advantage of wealth and cloud nine which the mean individual may ne'er hold experienced, guaranting everyone is equal. Besides the wealth will be shared every bit across the society to guarantee everyone is treated alike sing money, this would profit the population as it would potentially cut down jealously and envy within the general population.

1.4 Disadvantages of Marxism

Rich people more frequently than non make their wealth through difficult work and doggedness and the thought of Marx is to make a classless where everyone portions their wealth, I believe that people would non persist plenty to make something cognizing they would non be able to profit from it maintaining most of the wealth. Most of homo 's greatest accomplishments have been achieved due to the creativeness and enterprise which benefited the single e.g through wealth, nevertheless even though the person benefited finally it aided and helped come on the society. Nevertheless Marxism may be damaging to the person 's originative side displacing their

motive with nil hence killing their imaginative side.

1.5 What did Karl Marx Envision?

Karl Marx envisioned the prostration of capitalist economy as inevitable because within itself it had the imperfectnesss which would finally take to its death. These imperfectnesss have the possible to make two separate societal categories excessively form. These societal categories would be the middle class ( these by and large were merchandisers from the 12th and thirteenth century where there was an addition in trade which later led to this category ) who were by and large owned and controlled of the agencies of production and the capital, and the unfortunate labor who were the common workers who merely have their ain labour to sell for a pay These societal categories were instinctively at odds with one another and as capitalist economy grew the labor grew alongside it outnumbering the middle class and the rich would turn richer and the hapless poorer Karl Marx called the Law of Increasing Poverty[ 7 ]. Marx believed the labor would turn tired of the subjugation and inevitable rebellion against the middle class.

Karl Marx predicted that homeless communism or pure communism would necessarily ensue from the development of the productive forces or the labor. Pure Communism is the post-capitalist phase of society which Karl Marx. Stateless communism is closely related and connected to universe communism ( universe communism would be achieved by universe revolution, harmonizing to a theory that was popular in the period 1917 to around 1933. World communism is incompatible with the being of nation-states, so harmonizing to an older theory there will be an abolishment of the province preceding universe communism ) .

Pure communism has ne'er been achieved.

Stateless communism, besides known as pure communism or full communism,

Strictly talking, pure communism is a phase of societal development where stuff and productive forces are advanced to a grade where existent freedom ( freedom from necessity, and therefore from pay labour and disaffection from work ) for every individual is possible needed. The province setup becomes excess because categories cease to be.[ 8 ]

2.0 Capitalism

2.1 What is a capitalist economic system?

The UK family wealth has late passed the 7trillion grade for the first clip[ 9 ], although this is a batch of money everyone has non benefited every bit different societal categories seem to profit otherwise. The inequality may be linked to the economic system which has made the UK so affluent as a whole but in contrast made certain societal categories to a disadvantage. The top 10 % of families are now 850 times wealthier than the bottom 10 %

The UK is a capitalist state[ 10 ]. The UK has 1000 people who have more than ?414.260 which is tantamount to a 3rd of the UK 's debt national debt[ 11 ]and merely under twice of a state such as Pakistan by nominal GDP this, would be highly hard to accomplish in a society where capitalist economy would be rejected. Capitalism is defined as a political and economic system in which a state 's trade and industry are controlled by private proprietors and or corporation for net income, instead than by the province. It 's an economic system the agencies of production and distributions are corporately or in private owned and development is proportionate to

the accretion and reinvestment of net incomes gained in a free market[ 12 ]. Capitalism systems by and large operate a free market economic system which is a market which non regulated by the authorities accept to prosecute companies who commit fraud or anything else applicable for prosecution within the general jurisprudence. A free market contrasts to a controlled market where the authorities straight or indirectly regulates the monetary value. In a free market, monetary value is normally set as a consequence of extra minutess, instead than a jurisprudence edict as in a controlled market.

Capitalism uses the investing of money or capital, to bring forth even more net incomes. This can take to a little upper category of persons holding the greatest wealth and the growing of immense corporations. This leads to economic inequality between rich and hapless, nevertheless authoritiess try to cut down this by legion societal strategies, public assistance and instruction. It is different to the system in the in-between ages, such as feudal system, where the control of land and the workers were bonded to that land were the key to doing wealth.

In the modern twenty-four hours Capitalist economic system, there is a term called laissez-faire this means leting industry to be free from province intercession like limitations. The phrase is Gallic and literally implies, `` leave it entirely '' or `` allow it be '' . In a `` Capitalist '' economic system, the term capitalist economy comes from the Hagiographas of Karl Marx, in its modern sense to fundamentally depict a system in which a little group of people control big sums of capital, or money, and who make

the most of import economic determinations which end up set uping people at the underside.

2.2 Advantages of capitalist economy

The monetary values of services and goods are controlled normally through supply and demand. So through this system competition can normally develop so this encourages concerns to develop better and cheaper goods or services and at the same clip maintaining cost down for the consumer. It besides gives people a motive to break them self by ego by utilizing inaugural and invention to develop merchandises so to populate in wealth. And normally through invention Capitalism provides employment chances for people in the signifier of labour therefore assisting people earn money in any manner so can and hence they have a lively goon to back up their household even with the small garbages. Another advantage of capitalist economy is that people will take to be more skilled than unskilled as capitalist are more likely to pay more for people who are extremely skilled. Capitalism stimulates the economic system where consumers regulate the market. Besides due to the stock market people can go proprietors through direct agencies e.g the stock or indirect agencies e.g pension financess or salvaging strategies. Besides increasing Numberss of stockholders can hold an involvement in continuing capitalist economy.

2.3 Disadvantages of capitalist economy

Inequality is a major disadvantage in a capitalist society as anyone can be rich nevertheless everyone ca n't so at that place will inevitably ne'er be equality under capitalist economy which will do enviousness and hatred between people. And the fact that the rich have a big sum of disposable income so they can easy hold the capital to get down a concern nevertheless

in contrast an mean individual would happen it really hard as they would non be guaranteed to acquire the money e.g. from a bank. Besides poorness can easy develop in a capitalist society e.g. 3.6 million kids live in poorness in the UK this accounts to more than one in four kids or 27 % of kids in the UK. As of 2008, the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million hapless people in developing states who live on $ 1.25 a twenty-four hours or less.Also capital holders have freedom to what they want with minimum limitations e.g. minimal pay. Besides when it comes to labour & A ; land determinations they have the upper manus e.g they can easy work the limitations and travel to a 3rd universe state to put up productions at that place to so they can profit from inexpensive labour without holding to take into history quandary such as, compensation, workers conditions, environmental precautions etc. Another disadvantage of a capitalist society is publicizing as it 's everyplace be it on the street on hoardings advertizement is on Television plans, its selling invariably stating you need to purchase it and you will be better off with it, when capitalists do it they call it advertisement and when absolutisms do it they call it propaganda so they are every bit bad as themselves. Besides some people believe that capitalist economy may take to a exhaustion of the resources on Earth, as with uninterrupted economic growing this in itself requires the Earth 's resources to assist supply trade goods.

2.4 Difference between Marxism and capitalist economy

The chief differences between capitalist

economy and Marxism is refering the ownership & A ; ownership of the 'means of production ' or resources in general. Marxism rejects individual/private ownership of land or any critical resources. Alternatively, all the 'means of production ' such as resources and other land have a responsibility to be owned by the province. By province I mean the whole community of people in a state. All resources and land which allow the industry of goods and services will be possessed by one and wholly. All will be shared & amp ; all determinations about production will be made by the whole populace ( community ) by democratic agencies. There will be equal rewards for everyone. All the picks made will be made profiting all and non merely a selective group.

On the other manus, capitalist economy relies on in private ownership of land and agencies of production. Every individual will hold the possible do his wealth with capitalist economy, the more the individual is originative and preservers the more likely they are to be deserving more. The chief portion of the net incomes made are from a concern 's will travel to the individual who owns the agency of production ( capital ) , although the workers who are responsible for maintaining the concern running will acquire a little portion. Every individual will acquire at that place rewards harmonizing to their value and the proprietor will by and large pay more to people who can offer more accomplishments. By and large the people who own the agency of production, the capitalists, make the determinations when it comes to hit naming.

Ownership of agencies of production is a

major piece of difference between the two doctrines. Both are utmost thoughts. While Marxism can destruct the thought of single creativeness, which has led to most of the technological inventions we see in the modern universe, capitalist economy can take to development, where excessively much power and hence wealth, is focused in the custodies of a few people who call the shootings.

2.5 The Problems of Net income

Net income is what capitalisms chief purpose is to accomplish, but the job regarding net income is that if capitalist paid the labourers their existent value of labour so the capitalist would do no net income hence no income. At the same clip mills can bring forth immense net incomes while workers get a little cut, this is the job of net income to accomplish net income you have the lower the costs and these costs are by and large the labourers.

Net income is a love hatred system, if the capitalist adore net income they will populate comfortably but if they hate net income they will be without any income and perchance may even be forced to sell their labour as a pay. Net income is the nucleus of the capitalist economy without net income capitalists would dwindle off like a flower in winter. So Marx decided to seek and explicate where net income came from, Marx did this by analysing the differences between the worker and the capitalist. A trade good ever comes from a procedure which involves two things 1 ) The agency of production 2 ) Labor

Since trade goods are bought at their exchange value, than the net income must come from the act of production

itself so this may be a factor why the capitalists may desire to do more money and work them in the procedure. Peoples in this modern clip see two indistinguishable merchandises & A ; will by and large judge the merchandise on the footing of the monetary value and quality. If the monetary value is the same they will purchase the 1 that is the better quality and if the quality is the same they will purchase the cheaper 1. However Marxism may non hold considered if a rival had made the same trade good, utilizing say for illustration new machinery so sold the merchandise at half the monetary value the original individual bring forthing the merchandise would travel out of concern and later the labourers would be even poorer and may even ensue in offense to acquire money. The net income the proprietor can do in one twenty-four hours can in other words equate all the workers make together in one twenty-four hours. So the job is money people work for money if they do n't work than they do n't do money, so the existent job is the duty of money as each portion of our requires something which can merely be bought with money.

In `` On the Judaic Question '' Marx says `` Money is the cosmopolitan, self-established value of all things. It has hence robbed the whole universe, human every bit good as natural, of its ain values. Money is the anomic kernel of adult male 's work and being, this foreign kernel dominates him and he adores it. '' I believe he meant that we are so unsighted by money

that everyone invariably wants it and people go to desperate lengths to necessitate it even though money was non a necessity to people all the manner up to the 1600 's it was merely needed for state 's traveling to war. Since we have been unmindful by money, the system of Capitalism and its mercenary ( The act of caring more about points more than people and judging yourself and others on the footing of this ) imposts has made money speak for us and made us to handle each other as objects and the labors ( working category ) are alienated from there egos so in theory the labor became cognizant of their disaffection and development so they began the procedure of making a category for themselves which emerged as the Communist party. In the concluding words of the Communist pronunciamento Karl Marx wrote `` The workers have nil to loseaˆ¦ but their ironss. They have a universe to derive. Workers of the universe, unite! ''

2.6 Difference between Communism and Marxism

There is non much difference between the two political orientations. Communism is truly constructed on Marxism and the two can non be separated. Nevertheless Marxism is the theory and Communism is the real-world execution of Marxism.

Communism is the acknowledgment of a stateless society where everyone is equal. In contrast Marxism is the design by which such a province is established. While Marxism is a political political orientation based on Karl Marx 's thoughts, communism can be termed as a political system, which is founded on Marxist political orientation. Marxism explores and analyzes the different facets of a state, there exists no difference between the

rich and the hapless. And Communism can be termed as a political system where an single thinks about the province for the province. Communism aims at set uping a just classless, democratic and homeless society based on common ownership, which encourages equality and equity ( much more so than capitalist economy ) .

Marxism is an political orientation, which springs itself on the materialist reading of history. It says that history was driven by the mercenary attack of the people, which means the life of a individual was driven by what he needed to last. The Marxist political orientation is to fix the society for communism. Marxism views that merely as society transformed from feudal system to capitalist economy, it would transform itself to socialism and finally to communism. Well, the method by which the transmutation takes topographic point is what differentiates the Communists from Marxists. The Communists believe that the transmutation will take topographic point through radical agencies. It is difficult to do out a difference between Communism and Marxism. These two are so closely related that it is difficult to do a differentiation between the two. Communism would non hold born without Marxism. Last of all, it can be said that Marxism is the theory and communism is the existent pattern.[ 13 ]

2.7 Communism and revolution and what it achieved

The beginnings of Marxism come from Karl Marx he one time stated `` The philosophers have merely interpreted the universe in assorted ways, '' he wrote, `` the point, nevertheless, is to alter it. '' , he wanted existent action non merely thoughts which he believed were the key to the hereafter. So Marx

joined a little organisation called the League of the Just, which would shortly alter its name to the Communist League. At their petition the two work forces wrote the Communist Manifesto Karl Marx was merely 29 and Hegal was 27.

Communism was intended to be a system to be a system of authorities bought approximately by a workers revolution which would take away power from the affluent category of elites ( middle class ) . The consequence would be a authorities that ran mills and concerns for the benefit of te workers and hence the society, stoping the system of labour for private net income. In its ideal signifier communism would take finally to a province of perfect equality, freedom and self-realization for people. The Communist system of authorities in the universe today is leftovers of an extraordinary undertaking that aimed at nil less than the transmutation of human life for the better.

True communism has ne'er been realized. What we see now is the autocratic states taking their form from the early yearss of the Soviet Union. This would be the construction that Lenin and more so, Stalin would hold used. Communism works on the premiss on the abolishment of belongings and so the eventual abolishment of the province wholly this has ne'er been genuinely seen. What we have seen is province capitalist economy which has been named communist due to both propaganda and province ownership of major industrial composites.

First international Emancipation of Labor group

The October Revolution was led by Vladimir Lenin and was based upon Lenin 's authorship on the thoughts of Karl Marx, a political political orientation frequently known as Marxism-Leninism. It marked the

beginning of the spread of communism in the twentieth century. It was far less sporadic than the revolution of February and came approximately as the consequence of deliberate planning and co-ordinated activity to that terminal.

Marxists argued that category struggle plays an of import function in the history of societal categories hierarchal systems such as capitalist economy and feudal system[ 14 ].

Other Factors

Variation of Wealth and Different Age Groups

Age is by and large a cardinal issue in relation to the circulation of wealth because it typically takes people significant sum of clip to accumulate assets. Harmonizing to the general lifecycle theory, immature people are normally on low incomes as they have non had adequate clip to accumulate assets. So when bearing in head the distribution of assets it is of import to observe that plus accretion is an active procedure correlated with the lifecycle[ 15 ].

Figure

There is a correlativity between age and wealth with the older people be givening to hold more money, people between 55 - 64 by and large have the highest family wealth in the state which is a average degree of ?651,000 this figure is increasing, up from ?567,000 in the 2006/8 Office for National Statistics informations[ 16 ].Nevertheless there is important fluctuation within this age group as more than one in 10 has fewer than ?28,000 of wealth compared with the top 1 in 10 who has more than ?1.3 million. Since 1995, comparative wealth inequality may hold fallen due to those in the in-between benefiting from house monetary value rising prices. But those at the really top have seen immense absolute additions in wealth and there are

still important Numberss of people with no or so negative net wealth[ 17 ].

Ethnicity as a factor

Religion & A ; ethnicity are another footing of difference in wealth degrees, until the Wealth & A ; Asset Survey, there was unequal sum of informations to document the extent of inequality amongst different spiritual and cultural groups. And even with the Wealth & A ; Asset Survey, the survey of ethnicity and faith is slightly hindered by the sample sizes for some groups. However, the National Equality Panel ( 2010 ) shows that there are general differences in the entire wealth average amongst cultural groups, portion though of those but non all of them, will reflect differences in age construction.

Table:

The tabular array above shows big difference in wealth by ethnicity in 2006/8. White British families had the greatest degree of wealth with on mean ?221,000 but these were shadowed closely by Indian families who have ?204,000. Other cultural groups were much further behind than the remainder. The group with the least sum of wealth was Bangladeshi families who had ?15,000 entire net wealth on norm. There may be caused by a whole scope of factors it 's hard to state because there is no statistics in this country nevertheless instruction may be a factor.

Religion as a factor

Religion may be a factor which may impact people, the category battle of the people can be illustrated by faith 1000s of old ages ago at the clip of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Where alternatively of pull stringsing labour by the sum of wage they manipulated the on the job category via faith e.g. the Egyptian statement for faith to warrant

free labour was that 'men were created by Osiris and must obey his will on Earth. They must set up with bondage in the hope that, if they behave good a better after-life awaits them in the following universe, no more bondage, merely ageless cloud nine ' . This is rather an effectual system, nevertheless this is non rather an effectual manner of acquiring free labour in Britain as it 's a mercenary society and it explains what 's what on the footing of scientific discipline which has led manner to theory 's such as the large knock theory.

Equally far as statistics goes with faith, the sample size once more are rather comparatively little but the National Equality Panel ( 2010 ) disclosed the group with the greatest average net wealth were Judaic people with ?422,000 about double every bit much as the following group, Sikh people with ?229,000. Moslem people were the poorest group in footings of wealth with lone ?42,000 of net wealth, see the tabular array below

Table

Education as a factor

Education enables people to hold a wider apprehension and perceptual experience of the universe around themselves.

Education is non necessary it merely assist us how we need to work. We ca n't make anything merely with educational grades, we must necessitate practical in our life.

This is true, but a good instruction helps you be more successful by giving you information and accomplishments that you can utilize in your life. For illustration, if you do non cognize how to read, you are traveling to hold a batch of problem in most occupations because about every occupation has some sort of paperwork you need to read

or make full out. Math is of import for calculating out your wage and be aftering a budget so your money will last, and for stock lists and gross revenues. The more you know, the more likely you are to be able to stand out at your occupation alternatively of merely hardly doing it.

Education is what some occupations require normally the 1s where particular cognition is required and employers will be given to pay more There is non much statistics sing

Decision

Throughout my research I have found out Marxism really versatile & A ; adaptable as there are so many things Marxism can associate for illustration in Wikipedia there are 69 different articles associating to straight from and practicably 1000s from the political orientation people may hold borrowed from Marxism. Marxism as a whole can cover perchance most of the issues in the twenty-first century.

Karl Marx influenced a whole scope of people such as the working category to whole states

The theory of Marxism sounds good on paper nevertheless it may be a spot to idealistic but it may non be able to go on in world

Even though there was a recession at that place has been a turning figure of millionaires in the last two old ages and they were more likely to travel province school.[ 18 ]

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