Bacteria – Flashcards

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question
Which reason best explains why bacteria can reproduce quickly?
answer
Binary fission
question
Which is a reason that bacteria can cause infections in other organisms?
answer
Fast reproduction
question
Which series lists the correct order of steps of binary fission from first to last?
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DNA is copied ® DNA molecules attach to cell membrane ® cell membrane elongates and pinches off ® two identical cells are produced
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What do prokaryotes have on the outside of their cell membrane that gives protection and support?
answer
the cell wall
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do prokaryotes have a nucleus surrounding their chromosomes of dna?
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no
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Are prokaryotes more or less simple than eukaryotes?
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more
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Prokaryotes will often move by a tail-like what?
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flagellum
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What is a prokaryote?
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a unicellular organism that lacks internal membrane bound structures, including a membrane bound nucleus
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What is bacteria?
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single-celled organisms that have no nucleus and can either benefit or harm the body
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What can bacteria do?
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- they can cause disease - they can help us digest our food
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What are the two bacteria kingdoms?
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-archaebacteria - eubacteria
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what are the internal structures of bacteria?
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nucleoid, dna, and ribosomes
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where is nucleoid?
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it is in the middle and floating
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what are the surface structures of bacteria?
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capsule, cell wall, and cell membrane
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what are the appendages?
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pill and flagellum
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what does the cell wall do?
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it provides a rigid structure that gives the cell its shape
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bacteria have no what?
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nucleus
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What does pili do?
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It allows dna to be transferred from one bacterium to another
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the outside of a bacterial cell is protected by a structure called a
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capsule
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what does the cell membrane do
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helps to transport ions, nutrients, and waste.
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coccus
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bacteria with a spherical shape example: staph infection
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bacillus
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bacteria with a rod shape example: E. coli
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spirillum
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bacteria with an elongated spiral shape example: cholera
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binary fission
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the process of cell division in prokaryotic organisms by which the parent cell divided into two genetically identical cells by asexual reproduction very rapid reproduction STeps; dna molecule is copied dna molecules attach to cell membrane cell membrane elongates and pinches off leaving two identical cells
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conjugation
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the process by which a plasmid is transferred from one bacterial cell to another
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plasmid
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a small, circular dna molecule in bacteria
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transformation
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a type of gene transfer in which dna is taken from the environment
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transduction
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a method of genetic recombination in bacteria in which dna is transferred between cells by a virus
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